๐Ÿšซ

Simply because: -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ

Keywords
-๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Grammar
๐Ÿšซ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ often means โ€œjust because Aโ€ฆโ€, especially when the second half rejects an automatic conclusion.
  • It is built from a quoted/thought clause + ํ•ด์„œ, but this lesson focuses on the assumption-blocking use: ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”. = Just because it is expensive doesnโ€™t mean it is all good.
  • Look for endings like ๋‹ค ... ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ๊ผญ ... ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ...๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”, and ... ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and listen to sentences like ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”, ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, and ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. Listen for the โ€œA does not automatically mean Bโ€ rhythm. ๐ŸŽง
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

-๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ can cite something someone said, but it also has a very important intermediate meaning:
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โ€œJust because A, that does not automatically mean B.โ€
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It pushes back against an overgeneralization, assumption, or lazy conclusion.
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Examples:
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
    • [bi-ssa-da-go hae-seo da jo-eun geon a-ni-e-yo]
      Just because it is expensive doesnโ€™t mean everything is good. ๐Ÿ’ธ
  • ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
    • [eo-ri-da-go hae-seo a-mu-geot-do mo-reu-neun geon a-ni-e-yo]
      Just because someone is young doesnโ€™t mean they know nothing. ๐Ÿง’
  • ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
    • [han beon sil-pae-haet-da-go hae-seo po-gi-ha-myeon an dwae-yo]
      You shouldnโ€™t give up just because you failed once. ๐ŸŒฑ
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The heart of this grammar is:
A may be true, but B does not automatically follow.
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๐ŸŽจ The Core โ€œJust Becauseโ€ Family

1. Descriptive verb/adjective + ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ

Use this for states or qualities.
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because it is expensive
  • ์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because it is cheap
  • ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone is young
  • ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because it is famous
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2. Action verb present/general + -ใ„ด/๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ

Use this for actions or habits.
  • ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone studies
  • ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์šด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone exercises
  • ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone reads books
  • ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone earns money
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3. Noun + (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ

Use this for identity or category.
  • ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone is a student
  • ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone is an expert
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone is a friend
  • ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because it is free
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4. Past fact + -์•˜/์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ

Use this for something that happened.
  • ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone failed
  • ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone was late
  • ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone saw it once
  • ์นญ์ฐฌ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because someone was praised
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๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in Sentences

1. Against automatic praise

  • ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ผญ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
    • [yu-myeong-ha-da-go hae-seo kkok jo-eun geon a-ni-e-yo]
      Just because it is famous doesnโ€™t necessarily mean it is good. ๐ŸŒŸ
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2. Against automatic judgment

  • ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚˜์œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
    • [sil-su-reul haet-da-go hae-seo na-ppeun sa-ra-meun a-ni-e-yo]
      Just because someone made a mistake doesnโ€™t mean they are a bad person. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
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3. Against careless action

  • ์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
    • [ssa-da-go hae-seo mu-jo-geon sa-myeon an dwae-yo]
      You shouldnโ€™t buy something unconditionally just because it is cheap. ๐Ÿ›’
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4. Against stereotypes

  • ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
    • [hak-saeng-i-ra-go hae-seo da si-ga-ni ma-neun geon a-ni-e-yo]
      Just because someone is a student doesnโ€™t mean they all have a lot of time. ๐ŸŽ“
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๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Action verbs: present/general

Vowel stem or ใ„น stem usually uses -ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ๋†€๋‹ค โ†’ ๋…ผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
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Consonant stem uses -๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ๋ฏฟ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฏฟ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
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Descriptive verbs/adjectives

Use -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์‰ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
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Nouns

Use (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • consonant noun + ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ: ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • vowel noun + ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ: ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ, ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
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Past

Use -์•˜/์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • ๊ฐ”๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
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๐Ÿšจ Common Sentence Frames

1. A๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค B์ธ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”

โ€œJust because A doesnโ€™t mean all/everything is B.โ€
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
  • ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ๋งค์šด ์Œ์‹์„ ์ž˜ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
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2. A๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ผญ B์ธ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”

โ€œJust because A doesnโ€™t necessarily mean B.โ€
  • ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ผญ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
  • ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๊ผญ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
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3. A๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด Bํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”

โ€œDonโ€™t do B automatically just because A.โ€
  • ์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
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4. A๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ Bํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”

โ€œJust because A, you canโ€™t necessarily B.โ€
  • ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์•ฝ์†์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฏธ๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
  • ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
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๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

This lesson connects with
๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Citing Someone Else's Reason: -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
and
๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Indirect Quote (Statement): -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
. The important nuance here is the assumption-blocking use: A๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ B์ธ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. It also contrasts with direct reason grammar like
๐Ÿ’ช
The Strong Reason: -๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
and contrast/admission grammar like
โš–๏ธ
Admitting but Contrasting: -๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
.
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๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ = just because A / because it is said that A.
    • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
  • -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = someone says/said that A.
    • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
  • -๋‹ค๊ธฐ์— = because I heard that A; reported reason.
    • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ธฐ์— ์•ˆ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
  • -๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— = because A; direct strong reason.
    • ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
  • -๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ = A is true, but B.
    • ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ข‹์•„์š”.
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โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ข‹๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • โŒ ๋จน๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • โŒ ์‚ด๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
  • โŒ Using -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ alone and stopping the sentence too early โ†’ โœ… Finish the rejected conclusion: ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”, ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
  • โš ๏ธ If you simply mean a direct reason, use -์•„์„œ/์–ด์„œ, -(์œผ)๋‹ˆ๊นŒ, or -๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— instead.
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๐Ÿšซ Bottom line: -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ is your โ€œdonโ€™t jump to conclusionsโ€ grammar. It says: just because A, donโ€™t assume B.
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Try this exercise

Instructions
Complete each sentence with the correct -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ form. Then check what assumption is being blocked.
1. ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Just because it is expensive doesnโ€™t mean it is all good.
Answer
๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
2. ์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Donโ€™t buy unconditionally just because it is cheap.
Answer
์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
3. ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Just because someone is a student doesnโ€™t mean they know everything.
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
4. ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Donโ€™t give up just because you failed once.
Answer
ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
5. ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Donโ€™t ignore/look down on someone just because they are young.
Answer
์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
6. ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Just because someone studies doesnโ€™t mean everyone succeeds.
Answer
๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
7. โŒ ์ข‹๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
8. โŒ ์นœ๊ตฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
9. Choose the โ€œjust becauseโ€ sentence:
โ‘  ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
โ‘ก ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š” โ€” it blocks an assumption.
10. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ means:
Answer
Even so / just because of that / that still doesnโ€™t mean...
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ to be expensive
  • ์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ to be cheap
  • ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ unconditionally
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ student
  • ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to fail
  • ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to give up
  • ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ to be young
  • ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ignore / look down on
  • ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to succeed
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก If the sentence means โ€œdonโ€™t assume B from A,โ€ this grammar is probably a good fit.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below trains โ€œjust becauseโ€ logic from every angle. ๐Ÿšซ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Simply because: -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
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Welcome to the assumption-blocking gym. Youโ€™ll practice rejecting automatic conclusions: expensive does not always mean good, young does not mean clueless, one mistake does not mean failure, and free does not always mean useful.
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Fill each blank, read the sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Descriptive Verbs: ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๐ŸŒˆ

A. ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
B. ์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
C. ์‰ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค€๋น„๋ฅผ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
D. ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
E. ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ผญ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
F. ์ž‘๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์ž‘๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
G. ํฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํŽธํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
ํฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
H. ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•ฝ์†์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฏธ๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
Answer
๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
I. ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ€” action/state phrase with ๋‚˜๋‹ค.
J. ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
๐ŸŒˆ
Form Box
Descriptive verbs/adjectives use ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ:
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์œ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก The second half often says ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”, or ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Action Verbs: -ใ„ด/๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๐Ÿƒ

A. ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
B. ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์šด๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
C. ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
D. ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ€” ใ„น stem drops before ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ .
E. ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋„์™€์ค€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
F. ๋งŽ์ด ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํž˜์ด ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋งŽ์ด ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
G. ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ž˜ํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋๋‚ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
H. ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์™ธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
ํ˜ผ์ž ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
I. ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
J. ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
๐Ÿƒ
Action Quote Box
  • Vowel action stem โ†’ ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • Consonant action stem โ†’ ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ใ„น stem drops: ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ, ๋ฒŒ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก This form often challenges overconfidence: โ€œDoing A doesnโ€™t guarantee B.โ€
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Exercise 3 โ€” Nouns: (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๐Ÿท๏ธ

A. ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
B. ์นœ๊ตฌ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
Answer
์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
C. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
D. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฑธ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
E. ์˜์‚ฌ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•„ํ”„์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
F. ์–ด๋ฅธ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งž๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์–ด๋ฅธ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
G. ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋งค์šด ์Œ์‹์„ ๋‹ค ์ž˜ ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
H. ์ดˆ๋ณด โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
์ดˆ๋ณด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
I. ๊ฐ€์กฑ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
J. ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
๐Ÿท๏ธ
Noun Box
  • Consonant noun โ†’ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • Vowel noun โ†’ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก This pattern is excellent for breaking stereotypes and category assumptions.
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Exercise 4 โ€” Past Facts: -์•˜/์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โณ

A. ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋๋‚œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
B. ๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋Šฆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
C. ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋‹ต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ถ€๋„๋Ÿฌ์›Œํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
Answer
ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
D. ์นญ์ฐฌ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ž๋งŒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
์นญ์ฐฌ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
E. ์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณ„์† ์ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์ด๊ฒผ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
F. ์กŒ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
G. ๋ดค๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ค ์ดํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
๋ดค๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
H. ์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
์—ฐ์Šตํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
I. ๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
๊ฑฐ์ ˆ๋‹นํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
J. ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด๋ฒˆ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฉ์‹ฌํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”.
Answer
์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
โณ
Past Fact Box
Use -์•˜/์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ when one past event should not lead to an automatic conclusion:
  • one failure
  • one mistake
  • one success
  • one compliment
  • one rejection
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ข‹๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
B. โŒ ๋จน๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
C. โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
D. โŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
E. โŒ ์‚ด๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ.
F. ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š” means:
Answer
Just because it is expensive doesnโ€™t mean it is all good.
G. ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š” means:
Answer
Just because someone is a friend doesnโ€™t mean you can always understand them.
H. Choose the direct reason sentence:
โ‘  ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ ์ƒ€์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
โ‘  ๋น„์‹ธ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์•ˆ ์ƒ€์–ด์š” โ€” direct reason.
I. Choose the assumption-blocking sentence:
โ‘  ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€์„œ ์šฐ์‚ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
Answer
โ‘ก ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Šฆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
J. -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ in this lesson is strongest when:
Answer
You want to block an automatic assumption: โ€œJust because A, donโ€™t conclude B.โ€
๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Final Check
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
  • ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Finish with a blocked conclusion: ๋‹ค ... ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ๊ผญ ... ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ...๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”, or ... ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ You finished the -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ workout. Now you can push back against assumptions in Korean: ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”, ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”, and ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. ๐Ÿšซโœจ