๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ

Indirect Quote (Statement): -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค

Keywords
-๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Grammar
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค is used for indirect quotes/statements: โ€œsomeone says/said thatโ€ฆโ€
  • For action verbs, use -ใ„ด/๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค. For descriptive verbs/adjectives, use -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค. For nouns, use (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • In conversation, -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” often shortens to -๋Œ€์š”: ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๋ฐ”์˜๋Œ€์š”.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear the reporting rhythm. Try ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” [gan-da-go hae-yo], ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” [meong-neun-da-go hae-yo], ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” [jo-ta-go hae-yo], and ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” [hak-saeng-i-ra-go hae-yo].
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

-๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค is used when you report a statement indirectly.
Think of it as:
โ€œThey say thatโ€ฆโ€
โ€œI heard thatโ€ฆโ€
โ€œSomeone said thatโ€ฆโ€
โ€œIt is said thatโ€ฆโ€
  • ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [min-su ssi-ga o-neul ba-ppeu-da-go hae-yo]
      Minsu says theyโ€™re busy today. ๐Ÿ“…
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์ผ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [chin-gu-ga nae-il on-da-go hae-sseo-yo]
      My friend said theyโ€™re coming tomorrow. ๐Ÿšถ
  • ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [nyu-seu-e-seo bi-ga on-da-go hae-sseo-yo]
      The news said it will rain. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Unlike direct quotes, indirect quotes do not usually use quotation marks. You are reporting the meaning, not repeating the exact words.

๐Ÿง  Core Meanings

1. Reporting what someone says

Use it to pass along information.
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์ˆ™์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [seon-saeng-ni-mi suk-je-ga man-ta-go hae-sseo-yo]
      The teacher said there is a lot of homework. ๐Ÿ“š
  • ๋™์ƒ์ด ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ”„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [dong-saeng-i bae-go-peu-da-go hae-yo]
      My younger sibling says theyโ€™re hungry. ๐Ÿš
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [chin-gu-ga ji-geum do-seo-gwa-ne it-da-go hae-yo]
      My friend says theyโ€™re at the library now. ๐Ÿ“–

2. Reporting what you heard

Use it when the information comes from another source.
  • ๋‚ด์ผ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ถฅ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [nae-il nal-ssi-ga chup-da-go hae-yo]
      They say tomorrowโ€™s weather will be cold. ๐Ÿงฅ
  • ๊ทธ ์‹๋‹น์ด ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [geu sik-dang-i ma-sit-da-go deu-reo-sseo-yo]
      I heard that restaurant is good. ๐Ÿœ
  • ์ด ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [i yeong-hwa-ga jae-mi-it-da-go hae-yo]
      People say this movie is fun. ๐ŸŽฌ

3. Reporting your own previous statement

You can also report what you said.
  • ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [je-ga gwaen-chan-ta-go hae-sseo-yo]
      I said I was okay. ๐Ÿ™‚
  • ์ €๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [jeo-neun si-ga-ni eop-da-go ma-rae-sseo-yo]
      I said I didnโ€™t have time. โฐ
๐Ÿ’ก
Direct vs indirect
Direct quote: ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ โ€œ๋ฐ”๋น ์š”โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = Minsu said, โ€œIโ€™m busy.โ€
Indirect quote: ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = Minsu said they were busy.

๐ŸŽจ Formation Rules

The quoted statement changes depending on the word type.

1. Action verbs: -ใ„ด/๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค

  • Vowel stem or ใ„น stem โ†’ ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone goes/is going
    • ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone comes/is coming
    • ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone lives
  • Consonant stem โ†’ ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone eats/is eating
    • ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone reads/is reading
    • ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone looks for
Examples:
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์šด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = My friend says theyโ€™re learning Korean.
  • ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = Minsu said they were eating.

2. Descriptive verbs/adjectives: -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค

  • ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says it is good
  • ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone is busy
  • ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ถฅ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says it is cold
  • ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says it is pretty
Examples:
  • ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด ์˜ท์ด ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = Jisoo said these clothes were pretty.
  • ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์Œ์‹์ด ์งœ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = My mom said the food was salty.

3. ์žˆ๋‹ค/์—†๋‹ค: ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  / ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค

  • ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
  • ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
  • ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
  • ๋ง›์—†๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ง›์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
Examples:
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = My friend says they donโ€™t have time.
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์ฑ…์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = People say this book is interesting.

4. Nouns: (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค

  • Consonant noun + ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone is a student
    • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone is a teacher
  • Vowel noun + ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ์˜์‚ฌ โ†’ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone is a doctor
    • ์นœ๊ตฌ โ†’ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = says someone is a friend
Examples:
  • ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say that person is a student.
  • ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ณ‘์›์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = Minsu said this place is a hospital.

5. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค: ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค

  • ํ•™์ƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say theyโ€™re not a student.
  • ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = They said thatโ€™s not true.

6. Past and future statements

  • Past: -์•˜/์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say someone went.
    • ๋จน์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say someone ate.
  • Future/plan: -(์œผ)ใ„น ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
    • ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say they will go.
    • ๋จน์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say they will eat.
โš ๏ธ
Statement only
This lesson is for statements. Other sentence types use different quote patterns:
  • Question โ†’ -๋ƒ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
  • Command โ†’ -(์œผ)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
  • Suggestion โ†’ -์ž๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in Real Sentences

Reporting todayโ€™s plans

  • ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ผ์ฐ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [min-su ssi-ga o-neul il-jjik gan-da-go hae-yo]
      Minsu says theyโ€™re leaving early today. ๐Ÿƒ
  • ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์‰ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [ji-su-ga ji-be-seo swin-da-go hae-sseo-yo]
      Jisoo said they were resting at home. ๐Ÿ 

Reporting states/opinions

  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [chin-gu-ga han-gu-geo-ga eo-ryeop-da-go hae-yo]
      My friend says Korean is difficult. ๐Ÿ‡ฐ๐Ÿ‡ท
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์นดํŽ˜๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [sa-ram-deu-ri geu ka-pe-ga jo-ta-go hae-yo]
      People say that cafรฉ is good. โ˜•

Reporting identity

  • ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [geu-bu-neun ui-sa-ra-go hae-yo]
      They say that person is a doctor. ๐Ÿฉบ
  • ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‹๋‹น์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [yeo-gi-neun yu-myeong-han sik-dang-i-ra-go deu-reo-sseo-yo]
      I heard this is a famous restaurant. ๐Ÿฝ๏ธ

Reporting past/future

  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์–ด์ œ ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [seon-saeng-ni-mi eo-je si-heo-mi eo-ryeo-wot-da-go hae-sseo-yo]
      The teacher said yesterdayโ€™s test was difficult. ๐Ÿ“
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋…„์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
    • [chin-gu-ga nae-nyeo-ne han-gu-ge gal geo-ra-go hae-yo]
      My friend says they will go to Korea next year. โœˆ๏ธ

๐Ÿ” -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค vs -๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค vs direct quote

-๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = indirect statement for verbs/adjectives

  • ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • Minsu said they were busy.

(์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = indirect statement for nouns

  • ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • Minsu said they were a student.

Direct quote + ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค = exact words

  • ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ โ€œ๋ฐ”๋น ์š”โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • Minsu said, โ€œIโ€™m busy.โ€
Daily learner tip: If you are reporting the meaning, use indirect quote forms. If you are repeating the exact words, use quotation marks and ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค.

๐Ÿงฉ Common Patterns

1. -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” = they say / I heard

  • ๋‚ด์ผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say it will rain tomorrow.
  • ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say that person is busy.
  • ์ด ์˜ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. = They say this movie is fun.

2. -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” = said that

  • ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = My friend said they would be late.
  • ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = My mom said it was okay.
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์‹œํ—˜์ด ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = The teacher said the test was hard.

3. Short forms: -๋Œ€์š” / -(์ด)๋ž˜์š”

Spoken Korean often shortens -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ์ข‹๋Œ€์š” = They say itโ€™s good.
  • ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๊ฐ„๋Œ€์š” = They say theyโ€™re going.
  • ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๋จน๋Š”๋Œ€์š” = They say theyโ€™re eating.
  • ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ž˜์š” = They say theyโ€™re a student.
  • ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ž˜์š” = They say theyโ€™re a doctor.
โš ๏ธ
Short-form warning
-๋Œ€์š” is hearsay/indirect quote. Do not confuse it with -๋ฐ์š”, which often reports something the speaker directly noticed or experienced.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

This lesson was checked against korean.go.kr. Their guidance describes indirect quotation as reporting the original meaning in the speakerโ€™s own sentence, without directly repeating the original wording. Korean.go.kr also explains -๋‹ค๊ณ  as used in indirect quotation, with the statement ending -๋‹ค plus the quoting particle ๊ณ , and shows that common shortened forms like -๋Œ€์š”, -ใ„ด๋Œ€์š”, -๋Š”๋Œ€์š”, and -๋ž˜์š” come from -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”, -ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”, -๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”, and -๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
Practical lesson choice: teach -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค as the main โ€œstatement reportingโ€ pattern, then separate action verbs, adjectives, nouns, past, future, and short spoken forms.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๋จน๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
  • โŒ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
  • โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
  • โŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
  • โŒ Using -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค for questions/commands/suggestions โ†’ โœ… Use -๋ƒ๊ณ  / -(์œผ)๋ผ๊ณ  / -์ž๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • โŒ Confusing ์ข‹๋Œ€์š” and ์ข‹๋ฐ์š” โ†’ โœ… ์ข‹๋Œ€์š” = โ€œThey say itโ€™s good.โ€

Bottom line: -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค lets you report statements naturally: ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”, ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธโœจ
ย 

Try this exercise

Instructions Change each statement into an indirect quote using -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค, -ใ„ด/๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค, or (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค.
1. ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿ“…
Answer
๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ€” adjective/descriptive verb + ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
2. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ€” action verb vowel stem + ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
3. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋™์ƒ์ด ๋ฐฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿš
Answer
๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
4. ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ด ์นดํŽ˜๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. โ˜•
Answer
์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
5. ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
6. ์˜์‚ฌ โ†’ ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿฉบ
Answer
์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
7. ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. โฐ
Answer
์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
8. ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ ์ง€์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ™์ œ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
9. ๊ฐ”๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์–ด์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿšถ
Answer
๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
10. Choose the short form for ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
โ‘  ์ข‹๋Œ€์š”
โ‘ก ์ข‹๋ฐ์š”
Answer
โ‘  ์ข‹๋Œ€์š” โ€” hearsay/indirect quote.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be busy
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ to go
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ to eat
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ to be good
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ student
  • ์˜์‚ฌ โ†’ doctor
  • ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ to exist/have
  • ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ to not exist/not have
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก First ask: action, adjective, or noun?

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐Ÿš€
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Indirect Quote (Statement): -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค
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This Practice Hub trains statement reporting for action verbs, adjectives, nouns, ์žˆ๋‹ค/์—†๋‹ค, past/future tense, direct vs indirect quotes, and spoken short forms. Each exercise has 10 questions, Aโ€“J. ๐Ÿงฉ
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Form Builder โœ…

A. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ 
B. ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์˜จ๋‹ค๊ณ 
C. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
D. ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
E. ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ 
F. ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ 
G. ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ 
H. ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ 
I. ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
J. ์นœ๊ตฌ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์นœ๊ตฌ๋ผ๊ณ 
๐Ÿ“š
Form reminder
  • Action verb โ†’ -ใ„ด/๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
  • Adjective โ†’ -๋‹ค๊ณ 
  • Noun โ†’ (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ 
  • ์žˆ๋‹ค/์—†๋‹ค โ†’ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ /์—†๋‹ค๊ณ 
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Report the Statement ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ

A. โ€œIโ€™m busy.โ€ โ†’ Minsu says...
๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”์˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
B. โ€œIโ€™m going home.โ€ โ†’ A friend says...
์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
C. โ€œIโ€™m eating.โ€ โ†’ My younger sibling says...
๋™์ƒ์ด ๋จน๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
D. โ€œItโ€™s cold.โ€ โ†’ The news says...
๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ ์ถฅ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ์ถฅ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
E. โ€œIโ€™m a student.โ€ โ†’ That person says...
๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ํ•™์ƒ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
F. โ€œIโ€™m a doctor.โ€ โ†’ That person says...
๊ทธ๋ถ„์ด ์˜์‚ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
G. โ€œI donโ€™t have time.โ€ โ†’ My friend says...
์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
H. โ€œIt was fun.โ€ โ†’ People say...
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
I. โ€œI will go.โ€ โ†’ Minsu says...
๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
J. โ€œItโ€™s not true.โ€ โ†’ They say...
์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
๐Ÿ’ก
Reporting tip
For indirect statements, quote the meaning:
ย 
โ€œ๋ฐ”๋น ์š”โ€ โ†’ ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Short Forms: -๋Œ€์š” / -(์ด)๋ž˜์š” โšก

A. ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ข‹๋Œ€์š”
B. ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ฐ”์˜๋Œ€์š”
C. ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ„๋Œ€์š”
D. ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋จน๋Š”๋Œ€์š”
E. ์ฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ฝ๋Š”๋Œ€์š”
F. ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ž˜์š”
G. ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์˜์‚ฌ๋ž˜์š”
H. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ž˜์š”
I. ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์—†๋Œ€์š”
J. ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ”๋Œ€์š”
๐Ÿ“Œ
Short-form map
  • ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๋Œ€์š”
  • ใ„ด๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ใ„ด๋Œ€์š”
  • ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ ๋Š”๋Œ€์š”
  • (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ (์ด)๋ž˜์š”
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Choose the Correct Quote Pattern ๐Ÿ”

A. Action verb: ๋จน๋‹ค
โ‘  ๋จน๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ก ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
B. Action verb: ๊ฐ€๋‹ค
โ‘  ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
C. Adjective: ์ข‹๋‹ค
โ‘  ์ข‹๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ก ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
D. Noun: ํ•™์ƒ
โ‘  ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ํ•™์ƒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
E. Noun: ์˜์‚ฌ
โ‘  ์˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ก ์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
F. Past: ๊ฐ”๋‹ค
โ‘  ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
G. Future: ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”
โ‘  ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
H. Negative noun: ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
โ‘  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
โ‘ก ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
I. Statement or question? ๋ญ ํ•ด์š”?
Answer
Question โ†’ use -๋ƒ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค, not -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค.
J. Statement or command? ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
Answer
Command โ†’ use -(์œผ)๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค, not -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค.
๐Ÿง 
First decision
Is the original sentence a statement, question, command, or suggestion?
This lesson only covers statements.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ๋จน๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
B. โŒ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
C. โŒ ์‚ด๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์‚ฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
D. โŒ ์ข‹๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
E. โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
F. โŒ ์˜์‚ฌ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์˜์‚ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
G. โŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
H. โŒ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”
I. โŒ ์ข‹๋ฐ์š” for hearsay โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ข‹๋Œ€์š”
J. โŒ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” means the speaker asked a question โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
It reports a statement: โ€œSomeone said they were eating.โ€
โš ๏ธ
Common traps
  • Action verbs need -ใ„ด/๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ .
  • Adjectives use -๋‹ค๊ณ .
  • Nouns use (์ด)๋ผ๊ณ .
  • Short hearsay form is -๋Œ€์š”, not -๋ฐ์š”.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Indirect-statement reporting unlocked. With -๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ค, you can pass along information naturally: ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”, ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”, ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธโœจ