πŸ“‹

Turning actions into facts: -(으)ㅁ

Keywords
-(으)ㅁ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Grammar
πŸ“‹
TL;DR πŸ¦„
  • -(으)ㅁ turns an action, state, or whole clause into a compact formal fact: λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒ = there being no problem / no problem.
  • Use -음 after most consonant-ending stems and -ㅁ after vowel or γ„Ή-ending stems: 먹음, 감, μ•Ž, λ§Œλ“¦.
  • In intermediate Korean, it often appears inside formal frames like -μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€, -μŒμ„ μ•Œλ¦¬λ‹€, -μŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λ‹€, and Nμž„μ„ λ°νžˆλ‹€.
πŸ”Š
🎧 Iru Helper Note β€” Open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets and listen to short written-fact chunks like λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ˜ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€, κ³„νšμ΄ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, and ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. The grammar is formal, but the rhythm is very reusable. 🎧
Β 

🌈 The Big Picture

-(으)ㅁ is a formal nominalizer. It lets Korean take a sentence-like idea and treat it like a noun: a fact, state, result, record, notice item, or report item.
Β 
Think of it as turning:
  • β€œThere is no problem.”
  • β€œThe reservation was completed.”
  • β€œThe plan changed.”
  • β€œThis person is a student.”
Β 
into:
  • β€œthe fact that there is no problem”
  • β€œthe fact that the reservation was completed”
  • β€œthe fact that the plan changed”
  • β€œthe fact that this person is a student”
Β 
Examples:
  • λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      • [mun-je-ga eop-sseu-meul hwa-gin-haet-seum-ni-da]
      I confirmed that there is no problem. βœ…
  • μ˜ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      • [ye-ya-gi wan-nyo-doe-eot-sseu-meul al-lyeo deu-rim-ni-da]
      We inform you that the reservation has been completed. πŸ“…
  • κ³„νšμ΄ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      • [gye-hoe-gi byeon-gyeong-doe-eot-sseu-meul bo-go-haet-seum-ni-da]
      I reported that the plan had changed. πŸ“
Β 
This is not the most casual way to speak. In daily conversation, you usually use -λŠ” 것, -λ‹€λŠ” 것, or a plain sentence. But for notices, reports, applications, official emails, TOPIK writing, announcements, and formal summaries, -(으)ㅁ is extremely useful.
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🎨 The Core β€œActions Become Facts” Family

1. Verb/adjective stem + -(으)ㅁ

This makes a formal fact or state.
  • μžˆλ‹€ β†’ 있음 = existence / there being
  • μ—†λ‹€ β†’ μ—†μŒ = absence / there not being
  • κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ κ°€λŠ₯함 = being possible
  • μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ μ€‘μš”ν•¨ = being important
  • μ™„λ£Œλ˜λ‹€ β†’ μ™„λ£Œλ¨ = being completed
Β 

2. Past fact + -μ•˜/μ—ˆμŒ

Use this when the fact is completed or past.
  • 끝났닀 β†’ λλ‚¬μŒ = the fact that it ended
  • λ°›μ•˜λ‹€ β†’ λ°›μ•˜μŒ = the fact that someone received it
  • λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€ β†’ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆμŒ = the fact that it was changed
  • ν™•μΈν–ˆλ‹€ β†’ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŒ = the fact that someone confirmed it
Β 

3. Noun identity + μž„

Use Nμž„ for β€œbeing N / the fact that it is N.”
  • 학생 β†’ ν•™μƒμž„ = being a student
  • 사싀 β†’ μ‚¬μ‹€μž„ = being a fact
  • 였λ₯˜ β†’ 였λ₯˜μž„ = being an error
  • 본인 β†’ λ³ΈμΈμž„ = being the person themself
Β 

4. Formal object: -μŒμ„

Once -(으)ㅁ creates a noun-like fact, it can take particles.
Β 
Common frame:
  • -μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€ = to confirm that...
  • -μŒμ„ μ•Œλ¦¬λ‹€ = to inform that...
  • -μŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λ‹€ = to report that...
  • -μŒμ„ λ°νžˆλ‹€ = to reveal/state that...
  • -μŒμ„ 증λͺ…ν•˜λ‹€ = to prove that...
Β 
Examples:
  • 자료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. = I confirmed that I received the materials.
  • νšŒμ˜κ°€ μ·¨μ†Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€. = We inform you that the meeting has been canceled.
  • 이 λ¬Έμ„œκ°€ μ›λ³Έμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. = This proves that this document is the original.
Β 

πŸ› οΈ How It Works in Sentences

1. Notice style

  • 였늘 μˆ˜μ—… μ—†μŒ.
      • [o-neul su-eop eop-sseum]
      No class today. / There is no class today. 🏫
Β 
This sounds like a notice board, memo, or checklist. A full polite sentence would be:
  • 였늘 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μš”. = There is no class today.
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2. Confirmation style

  • λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      • [mun-je-ga eop-sseu-meul hwa-gin-haet-seum-ni-da]
      I confirmed that there is no problem. βœ…
Β 
Here, λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒ is the β€œfact,” and 을 marks it as the object of ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Β 

3. Announcement style

  • μ˜ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      • [ye-ya-gi wan-nyo-doe-eot-sseu-meul al-lyeo deu-rim-ni-da]
      We inform you that the reservation has been completed. πŸ“…
Β 
This sounds polished and service-email-like.
Β 

4. Identity/fact style

  • 이 정보가 μ‚¬μ‹€μž„μ„ λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      • [i jeong-bo-ga sa-si-rim-eul bal-kyeot-seum-ni-da]
      They revealed/stated that this information is true. πŸ“Œ
Β 
For nouns, use μž„, not just the noun alone.
Β 

🧩 General Formation Rule

Present/general verb or adjective

Use -음 after most consonant-ending stems.
  • λ¨Ήλ‹€ β†’ 먹음
  • 읽닀 β†’ 읽음
  • μžˆλ‹€ β†’ 있음
  • μ—†λ‹€ β†’ μ—†μŒ
Β 
Use -ㅁ after vowel-ending stems.
  • κ°€λ‹€ β†’ 감
  • μ˜€λ‹€ β†’ 옴
  • ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ 함
  • λ˜λ‹€ β†’ 됨
Β 
Use -ㅁ after γ„Ή-ending stems; the spelling compresses.
  • μ•Œλ‹€ β†’ μ•Ž
  • μ‚΄λ‹€ β†’ μ‚Ά
  • λ§Œλ“€λ‹€ β†’ λ§Œλ“¦
Β 

Past fact

Add -음 after the past marker -μ•˜/μ—ˆ-.
  • ν–ˆλ‹€ β†’ ν–ˆμŒ
  • λ°›μ•˜λ‹€ β†’ λ°›μ•˜μŒ
  • 끝났닀 β†’ λλ‚¬μŒ
  • λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€ β†’ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆμŒ
Β 

Noun identity

Use Nμž„.
  • ν•™μƒμž„ = being a student
  • 였λ₯˜μž„ = being an error
  • λ³ΈμΈμž„ = being the person themself
Β 

🚨 Exception Rules and Spelling Notes

γ„Ή-ending stems

Do not write μ•ŒμŒ or λ§Œλ“€μŒ for this grammar.
  • βœ… μ•Ž
  • βœ… μ‚Ά
  • βœ… λ§Œλ“¦
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γ…‚-irregular descriptive verbs

Many γ…‚-irregular descriptive verbs change before the vowel-starting -음.
  • μ–΄λ ΅λ‹€ β†’ 어렀움
  • μΆ₯λ‹€ β†’ 좔움
  • 무겁닀 β†’ 무거움
Β 

γ„·-irregular verbs

Some γ„·-irregular verbs change before vowel-starting endings.
  • λ“£λ‹€ β†’ λ“€μŒ
  • κ±·λ‹€ β†’ 걸음 can be a lexical noun meaning β€œstep/walk,” so context matters.
Β 

Past/future-like endings

After -μ•˜/μ—ˆ- or -κ² -, use -음.
  • ν–ˆμŒ
  • κ°”μŒ
  • ν•˜κ² μŒ
Β 

πŸ“š Cross-check note

This lesson connects directly to
πŸ“‹
The Fact/Experience: -(으)ㅁ,
πŸ“¦
Making Nouns for Facts: -λŠ” 것, and
πŸ“Œ
The fact that: -(으)γ„΄/λŠ” 사싀. The key intermediate upgrade here is using -(으)ㅁ inside formal frames like -μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ and -μž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Β 

πŸͺž Synonym Alert

-λŠ” 것

Conversational and flexible. Good for daily β€œdoing…” or β€œthe fact that…”
  • μš΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”. = Exercising is important.
Β 

-λ‹€λŠ” 사싀

Explicitly emphasizes β€œthe fact that...” Useful when the truth itself matters.
  • μš΄λ™μ΄ μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œμ•˜μ–΄μš”. = I learned the fact that exercise is important.
Β 

-(으)ㅁ

Compact, formal, report-like.
  • μš΄λ™μ΄ μ€‘μš”ν•¨μ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. = It was confirmed that exercise is important.
Β 

Quick decision box

  • Daily conversation β†’ -λŠ” 것
  • Clear fact focus β†’ -λ‹€λŠ” 사싀
  • Formal report/notice β†’ -(으)ㅁ
Β 

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • ❌ 먹ㅁ β†’ βœ… 먹음.
  • ❌ κ°€μŒ β†’ βœ… 감.
  • ❌ μ•ŒμŒ β†’ βœ… μ•Ž.
  • ❌ ν•™μƒμŒμ„ 증λͺ…ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ βœ… ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•˜λ‹€.
  • ❌ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ β†’ βœ… λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • ⚠️ Don’t overuse -(으)ㅁ in casual speech. It can sound like a memo, report, or official notice.
Β 
πŸŽ‰ Bottom line: -(으)ㅁ lets you package an action or state as a formal fact. It is the grammar of confirmations, reports, notices, records, and official-sounding statements. πŸ“‹βœ¨
Β 

Try this exercise

Instructions
Complete each item with the correct -(으)ㅁ form. Then check whether the result is a notice-style fact, a formal object, or a noun identity.
1. μ—†λ‹€ β†’ 문제 οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
No problem.
Answer
μ—†μŒ β€” 문제 μ—†μŒ.
2. μ™„λ£Œλ˜λ‹€ β†’ μ˜ˆμ•½ μ™„λ£ŒοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Reservation completed.
Answer
됨 β€” μ˜ˆμ•½ μ™„λ£Œλ¨.
3. λ°›μ•˜λ‹€ β†’ 자료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that I received the materials.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” 자료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
4. μ—†λ‹€ β†’ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ μ•Œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We inform you that there is no problem.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ μ•Œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
5. 학생 β†’ 학생＿＿＿＿ 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I prove that this person is a student.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” noun identity uses μž„: ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
6. λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€ β†’ 일정이 λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I reported that the schedule had changed.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
7. μ•Œλ‹€ β†’ οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
knowing / awareness
Answer
μ•Ž.
8. λ§Œλ“€λ‹€ β†’ οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
making / having made
Answer
λ§Œλ“¦.
9. ❌ ν•™μƒμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
ν•™μƒμž„μ„ ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€.
10. Choose the more formal report-style sentence:
β‘  λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
β‘‘ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Answer
β‘‘ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. It is more formal and report-like.
πŸ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • 문제 β†’ problem
  • μ˜ˆμ•½ β†’ reservation
  • μ™„λ£Œλ˜λ‹€ β†’ to be completed
  • 자료 β†’ materials
  • ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€ β†’ to confirm
  • μ•Œλ¦¬λ‹€ β†’ to inform
  • 증λͺ…ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ to prove
  • 일정 β†’ schedule
  • λ³€κ²½λ˜λ‹€ β†’ to be changed
  • λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ to report
Tip πŸ’‘ If the next verb is ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€, μ•Œλ¦¬λ‹€, or λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λ‹€, -μŒμ„ is often a good formal frame.
πŸš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below turns actions, states, and identities into formal facts. πŸ“‹
Β 
πŸ“¦
🎯 Practice Hub β€” Turning actions into facts: -(으)ㅁ
Β 
Welcome to the formal-fact workshop. You’ll practice building -(으)ㅁ, using -μŒμ„ in report-style sentences, handling noun identity with μž„, and choosing between -λŠ” 것, 사싀, and -(으)ㅁ.
Β 
πŸ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear forms like μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€, and ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Β 
πŸ“ Instructions: Fill in each blank, read the full sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle.
Β 

Exercise 1 β€” Form Builder: -음, -ㅁ, and μž„ πŸ”§

A. μžˆλ‹€ β†’ 있＿＿＿＿
Answer
음 β€” 있음.
B. μ—†λ‹€ β†’ μ—†οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
음 β€” μ—†μŒ.
C. κ°€λ‹€ β†’ κ°€οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
ㅁ β€” 감.
D. μ˜€λ‹€ β†’ 였＿＿＿＿
Answer
ㅁ β€” 옴.
E. ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ ν•˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
ㅁ β€” 함.
F. λ˜λ‹€ β†’ 되＿＿＿＿
Answer
ㅁ β€” 됨.
G. μ•Œλ‹€ β†’ μ•ŒοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
ㅁ β€” μ•Ž.
H. λ§Œλ“€λ‹€ β†’ λ§Œλ“€οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
ㅁ β€” λ§Œλ“¦.
I. 학생 β†’ 학생＿＿＿＿
Answer
μž„ β€” ν•™μƒμž„.
J. 였λ₯˜ β†’ 였λ₯˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
μž„ β€” 였λ₯˜μž„.
πŸ”§
Form Box
  • Most consonant stems β†’ -음
  • Vowel stems β†’ -ㅁ
  • γ„Ή stems β†’ -ㅁ: μ•Ž, λ§Œλ“¦
  • Noun identity β†’ μž„
Tip πŸ’‘ The result acts like a noun, so particles can attach after it.
Β 

Exercise 2 β€” Notice and Memo Style πŸ“‹

A. 였늘 μˆ˜μ—… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
No class today.
Answer
μ—†μŒ β€” 였늘 μˆ˜μ—… μ—†μŒ.
B. μΆ”κ°€ λΉ„μš© οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
No extra cost.
Answer
μ—†μŒ β€” μΆ”κ°€ λΉ„μš© μ—†μŒ.
C. μ˜ˆμ•½ μ™„λ£ŒοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
Reservation completed.
Answer
됨 β€” μ˜ˆμ•½ μ™„λ£Œλ¨.
D. μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
Available for use.
Answer
함 β€” μ‚¬μš© κ°€λŠ₯함.
E. μΆœμž… κΈˆμ§€οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
Entry prohibited.
Answer
됨 β€” μΆœμž… κΈˆμ§€λ¨.
F. 회의 끝났＿＿＿＿.
Meeting ended.
Answer
음 β€” 회의 λλ‚¬μŒ.
G. 자료 λ°›μ•˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
Materials received.
Answer
음 β€” 자료 λ°›μ•˜μŒ.
H. λ³€κ²½ 사항 있＿＿＿＿.
There are changes.
Answer
음 β€” λ³€κ²½ 사항 있음.
I. 확인 μ™„λ£ŒοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
Confirmation completed.
Answer
됨 β€” 확인 μ™„λ£Œλ¨.
J. 참석 κ°€λŠ₯οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ.
Attendance possible.
Answer
함 β€” 참석 κ°€λŠ₯함.
πŸ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • μˆ˜μ—… β†’ class
  • μΆ”κ°€ λΉ„μš© β†’ extra cost
  • μ˜ˆμ•½ β†’ reservation
  • μ‚¬μš© β†’ use
  • κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ to be possible
  • μΆœμž… β†’ entry
  • κΈˆμ§€λ˜λ‹€ β†’ to be prohibited
  • λ³€κ²½ 사항 β†’ changes
  • 참석 β†’ attendance
Tip πŸ’‘ Notice style often drops polite endings and uses compact written facts.
Β 

Exercise 3 β€” Formal Object Frame: -μŒμ„ πŸ›οΈ

A. λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that there is no problem.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
B. 자료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that I received the materials.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” 자료λ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
C. νšŒμ˜κ°€ 끝났＿＿＿＿ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I reported that the meeting ended.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” νšŒμ˜κ°€ λλ‚¬μŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
D. μ˜ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We inform you that the reservation has been completed.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” μ˜ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
E. κ³„νšμ΄ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ μ•Œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We inform you that the plan has changed.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” κ³„νšμ΄ λ³€κ²½λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
F. μΆ”κ°€ λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ—†οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I explained that there is no extra cost.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” μΆ”κ°€ λΉ„μš©μ΄ μ—†μŒμ„ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
G. 문이 μ—΄λ € 있＿＿＿＿ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that the door is open.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” 문이 μ—΄λ € μžˆμŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
H. μ œν’ˆμ΄ μž‘λ™ν•˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that the product works.
Answer
ㅁ을 β€” μ œν’ˆμ΄ μž‘λ™ν•¨μ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I. 신청이 μ ‘μˆ˜λ˜μ—ˆοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
We inform you that the application has been received.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” 신청이 μ ‘μˆ˜λ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
J. κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‹¬λΌμ‘ŒοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I reported that the result had changed.
Answer
μŒμ„ β€” κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‹¬λΌμ‘ŒμŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
πŸ›οΈ
Formal Frame Box
  • -μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€ β†’ confirm that...
  • -μŒμ„ μ•Œλ¦¬λ‹€ β†’ inform that...
  • -μŒμ„ λ³΄κ³ ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ report that...
  • -μŒμ„ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ explain/guide that...
Tip πŸ’‘ The particle 을 attaches because the whole fact is the object.
Β 

Exercise 4 β€” Noun Identity: Nμž„μ„ πŸͺͺ

A. 학생 β†’ 학생＿＿＿＿ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I proved that this person is a student.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
B. 본인 β†’ 본인＿＿＿＿ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that this person is the person themself.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” λ³ΈμΈμž„μ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
C. 사싀 β†’ 사싀＿＿＿＿ λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
They revealed that it is true / a fact.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” μ‚¬μ‹€μž„μ„ λ°ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
D. 였λ₯˜ β†’ 였λ₯˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that it is an error.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” 였λ₯˜μž„을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
E. ν•„μˆ˜ 사항 β†’ ν•„μˆ˜ 사항＿＿＿＿ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I explained that it is a required item.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” ν•„μˆ˜ μ‚¬ν•­μž„μ„ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
F. 제 μ‹€μˆ˜ β†’ 제 μ‹€μˆ˜οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ μΈμ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I admitted that it was my mistake.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” 제 μ‹€μˆ˜μž„μ„ μΈμ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
G. μ •λ‹΅ β†’ μ •λ‹΅οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I confirmed that it is the correct answer.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” μ •λ‹΅μž„μ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
H. μ€‘μš”ν•œ 문제 β†’ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 문제＿＿＿＿ μ•Œκ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I came to know that it is an important issue.
Answer
μž„μ„ β€” μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œμž„μ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
I. ❌ 였λ₯˜μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
였λ₯˜μž„을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
J. ❌ ν•™μƒμŒμ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
πŸͺͺ
Identity Box
  • Noun + μž„ = being N
  • Noun + μž„μ„ = the fact that it is N
  • Use with ν™•μΈν•˜λ‹€, 증λͺ…ν•˜λ‹€, λ°νžˆλ‹€, μΈμ •ν•˜λ‹€.
Tip πŸ’‘ If the base is already a noun, do not add 음. Use μž„.
Β 

Exercise 5 β€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol πŸ›‘οΈ

A. ❌ κ°€μŒ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
감.
B. ❌ 먹ㅁ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
먹음.
C. ❌ μ•ŒμŒ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
μ•Ž.
D. ❌ λ§Œλ“€μŒ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
λ§Œλ“¦.
E. ❌ μ–΄λ ΅μŒ β†’ βœ… οΌΏοΌΏοΌΏοΌΏ
Answer
어렀움.
F. Choose the formal notice style:
β‘  였늘 μˆ˜μ—…μ΄ μ—†μ–΄μš”.
β‘‘ 였늘 μˆ˜μ—… μ—†μŒ.
Answer
β‘‘ 였늘 μˆ˜μ—… μ—†μŒ.
G. Choose the formal report style:
β‘  λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
β‘‘ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†λŠ” 것을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
Answer
β‘  λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..
H. Choose the noun identity form:
β‘  ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
β‘‘ ν•™μƒμŒμ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Answer
β‘  ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€..
I. Make this formal: μ˜ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλλ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Answer
μ˜ˆμ•½μ΄ μ™„λ£Œλ˜μ—ˆμŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
J. -(으)ㅁ works best when the style is:
Answer
Formal, written, notice-like, report-like, or official.
πŸ›‘οΈ
Final Check
  • μ—†λ‹€ β†’ μ—†μŒ
  • ν•˜λ‹€ β†’ 함
  • λ˜λ‹€ β†’ 됨
  • μ•Œλ‹€ β†’ μ•Ž
  • λ§Œλ“€λ‹€ β†’ λ§Œλ“¦
  • 학생 β†’ ν•™μƒμž„
Tip πŸ’‘ For polished written Korean, practice chunks: -μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, -μŒμ„ μ•Œλ € λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€, -μž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Β 
πŸŽ‰ You finished the -(으)ㅁ formal-fact workout. Now you can read and write compact Korean report phrases like 문제 μ—†μŒ, μ˜ˆμ•½ μ™„λ£Œλ¨, λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ—†μŒμ„ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, and ν•™μƒμž„μ„ 증λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. πŸ“‹βœ¨