๐ŸŒฑ

Vocab: Reducing Waste

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ / ์ค„์ด๋‹ค / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ / ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ / ๋™์ฐธ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Vocabulary
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿง‹ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ = single-use items (cups, bags, straws); ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ = the reusable alternative โ€” the most natural pair in Korean eco-talk
  • ๐Ÿ“‰ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce/cut down โ€” the active verb for any reduction effort
  • ๐Ÿค ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ + ๋™์ฐธ = the honest Korean framing: "it's inconvenient, but join in anyway"
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Head to the Korean Helper Widgets and hear today's vocabulary at natural speed. ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” is a very Korean way to make a request โ€” polite acknowledgment of inconvenience plus an invitation to join. ๐ŸŒฑ

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Reducing waste in Korean is framed around honesty: yes, it's ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค (inconvenient), but worth doing. ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ (reducing single-use items) is a real daily topic in Korea โ€” from cafรฉ tumbler discounts to plastic bag fees. ๋™์ฐธ is the social word that makes it a community act rather than a solo effort.
These five words give you everything needed to talk about waste reduction naturally โ€” what to reduce (์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ), how (์ค„์ด๋‹ค), with what (ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ), and the social framing (๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ / ๋™์ฐธ).

๐ŸŽจ The Core Reducing Waste Family

1. ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ โ€” single-use items, disposables ๐Ÿฅค
์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต = disposable cup. ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ = plastic bag. ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce single-use items. ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ž์ œ = refrain from using disposables. ์ผํšŒ์šฉ = single-use (prefix); ํ’ˆ = goods/items.
2. ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ€” to reduce, cut down, decrease ๐Ÿ“‰
์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce waste. ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce carbon emissions. ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to cut down consumption. Very common action verb in environmental contexts.
3. ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ€” reusable tumbler/cup ๐Ÿง‹
The go-to alternative to ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต. ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค = to use a tumbler. ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค = to carry a tumbler around. ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ํ• ์ธ = tumbler discount (many Korean cafรฉs offer this).
4. ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ โ€” it's inconvenient/troublesome, but... ๐Ÿ™
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค (base) = troublesome/inconvenient. The -์ง€๋งŒ form = conceding a difficulty before making a request or point. ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” = it's inconvenient but please sort your recycling. The honest, polite framing.
5. ๋™์ฐธ โ€” joining in (a collective effort) ๐Ÿค
๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค = to join in/participate. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค = to join the environmental effort. ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” = please join in together. Always implies a collective, positive action โ€” not just individual.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต ๋Œ€์‹  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If you use a tumbler instead of a disposable cup you can reduce a lot of waste. ๐Ÿง‹๐Ÿ“‰
โ€” ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต ๋Œ€์‹  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ = the core swap; ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ๋ด์š”.
It's inconvenient, but let's try to get in the habit of carrying a tumbler. ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿง‹
โ€” ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ = honest concession + invitation; ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋“ค์ด๋‹ค = to build a habit
ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
For the environment please join in the effort to reduce single-use items together. ๐Ÿค
โ€” ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค = to join a collective effort

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

  • ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ โ†’ noun: ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ / ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์ด / ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต / ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ regular: ์ค„์—ฌ์š” / ์ค„์˜€์–ด์š” / ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• / ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
  • ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ noun: ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋กœ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ํ• ์ธ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๋‹ค
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค + -์ง€๋งŒ (ใ…‚-irregular): ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ์š” / ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šด / ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ
  • ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ regular: ๋™์ฐธํ•ด์š” / ๋™์ฐธํ–ˆ์–ด์š” / ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”
๐Ÿšจ ใ…‚-irregular: ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ์š” / ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šด / ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ (-์ง€๋งŒ keeps the ใ…‚)

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

All vocabulary cross-checked against korean.go.kr โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ โ‰ˆ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ โ€” ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ = plastic (material); ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ = single-use items broadly (cups, bags, straws โ€” not just plastic)
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ‰ˆ ์—†์• ๋‹ค โ€” ์—†์• ๋‹ค = to eliminate completely; ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce (partial/gradual)
  • ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ‰ˆ ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ปต โ€” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ปต = personal cup (formal); ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ = tumbler (everyday, the standard term)
  • ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค โ‰ˆ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค = to participate; ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค = to join together in a shared effort (adds community element)

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

โŒ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›์ง€๋งŒ โ†’ โœ… ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ โ€” -์ง€๋งŒ keeps the ใ…‚: ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ + ์ง€๋งŒ = ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ.
โŒ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค for personal reduction only โ†’ โœ… ์ค„์ด๋‹ค works for any subject: ๋‚˜๋Š” ์ค„์—ฌ์š” / ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์—ฌ์š” / ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
โŒ ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค for solo action โ†’ โœ… ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค always implies joining others. For solo action use ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค / ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค.
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด์š”! ๐ŸŒฑ๐Ÿค
Try this exercise
Instructions: Fill in each blank with the correct word or form. Watch for ใ…‚-irregular of ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค.
1. ์นดํŽ˜์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ปต ๋Œ€์‹  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์š”.
At cafรฉs I use a tumbler instead of a disposable cup. ๐Ÿง‹
Answer
์ผํšŒ์šฉ โ†’ ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต ๋Œ€์‹  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์š”.
2. ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฒซ ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด์—์š”.
Reducing waste is the first step for the environment. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ค„์ด โ†’ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด. ์ค„์ด๋‹ค modifier = ์ค„์ด๋Š”.
3. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€์š”.
I always carry a tumbler in my bag. ๐Ÿง‹
Answer
ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์— ๋„ฃ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋…€์š”.
4. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
It's inconvenient but please make sure to sort your recycling. ๐Ÿ™
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ. ใ…‚ + -์ง€๋งŒ keeps the ใ…‚.
5. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
Please join the environmental campaign together. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
6. ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์ ธ์š”.
If we reduce single-use plastic items the ocean becomes cleaner. ๐ŸŒŠ
Answer
์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ / ์ค„ โ†’ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด. Both key words.
7. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ์šฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์จ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I know it may be inconvenient but I'd be grateful if you used a tumbler. ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿง‹
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์จ ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด. Honorific conditional form.
8. ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ธฐ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
I joined the single-use item reduction campaign. ๐Ÿ“‰๐Ÿค
Answer
์ค„์ด / ๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์— ๋™์ฐธํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ = the act of reducing (nominalised).
9. ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๊ณ , ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ฉด ๋ผ์š”.
Just reduce carbon emissions and reduce plastic use. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ค„์ด / ์ค„์ด โ†’ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ๋ผ์š”.
10. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ’ˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๊ณ  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—๋„ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
It's inconvenient but if you use a tumbler you reduce single-use items and it's good for joining others. ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿง‹๐Ÿ“‰๐ŸŒฑ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ / ์ผํšŒ์šฉ / ์ค„์ด / ๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๋™์ฐธ์—๋„ ์ข‹์•„์š”. All five words. โœ…
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ โ†’ single-use items
  • ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต โ†’ disposable cup
  • ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ โ†’ plastic bag
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce, cut down
  • ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce waste
  • ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ reusable tumbler
  • ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ํ• ์ธ โ†’ tumbler discount
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค โ†’ inconvenient (ใ…‚-irregular)
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ โ†’ it's inconvenient, but
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ์š” โ†’ it's inconvenient
  • ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to join in together
  • ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” โ†’ please join in
ใ…‚-irregular recap ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ์š” (pres)
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šด (modifier)
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ (-์ง€๋งŒ keeps ใ…‚ โœ…)

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐Ÿš€
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Vocab: Reducing Waste
์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘! ๐ŸŒฑ This Practice Hub drills all five words โ€” ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ, ์ค„์ด๋‹ค, ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ, ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋™์ฐธ โ€” across four concise exercises. By the end you'll talk about waste reduction naturally in Korean. โ™ป๏ธ
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use the Korean Helper Widgets to hear any sentence.
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Fill in each blank with the correct word or form. Mind the ใ…‚-irregular of ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค!

Exercise 1 โ€” The Swap ๐Ÿ”„

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ปต ๋Œ€์‹  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
Use a tumbler instead of a disposable cup. ๐Ÿง‹
Answer
์ผํšŒ์šฉ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต ๋Œ€์‹  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
B. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Carrying a tumbler lets you reduce single-use items. ๐Ÿง‹๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ / ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ โ†’ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
C. ์ด ์นดํŽ˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ• ์ธ์ด ๋ผ์š”.
This cafรฉ offers a tumbler discount. โ˜•
Answer
ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ํ• ์ธ์ด ๋ผ์š”.
D. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
It's inconvenient but the habit of bringing a tumbler is important. ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿง‹
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๋Š” ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
E. ๋นจ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—ฌ์š”.
Even single-use items like straws should be reduced as much as possible. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ / ์ค„์ด โ†’ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ๋„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ค„์—ฌ์š”. ๋นจ๋Œ€ = straw.
F. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ž์ œํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
Please refrain from using single-use items for the environment. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ โ†’ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ž์ œํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. ์ž์ œํ•˜๋‹ค = to refrain from.
๐Ÿ“š
The swap vocabulary:
  • ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต ๋Œ€์‹  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ tumbler instead of disposable cup
  • ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ ํ• ์ธ โ†’ tumbler discount
  • ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์ฑ™๊ธฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to remember to bring tumbler
  • ๋นจ๋Œ€ โ†’ straw
  • ์ž์ œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to refrain from
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ผํšŒ์šฉ (prefix) + ํ’ˆ (goods): ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ปต, ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ๋ด‰ํˆฌ, ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ์ˆ˜์ €, ์ผํšŒ์šฉ ๋นจ๋Œ€. ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ = all of these together.

Exercise 2 โ€” Reducing ๐Ÿ“‰

A. ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
There are ways to reduce food waste. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ค„ โ†’ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
B. ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
Reducing your carbon footprint is important. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ค„ โ†’ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”. ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ = carbon footprint.
C. ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ฉด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด์š”.
If you reduce packaging waste decreases. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ค„ โ†’ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด. ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ = packaging material.
D. ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ–‰๋™์ด์—์š”.
Reducing consumption is also an action for the environment. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ค„ โ†’ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„.
E. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๊ณ  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ค„์–ด์š”.
Reducing single-use items and using a tumbler makes waste decrease a lot. ๐Ÿ“‰๐Ÿง‹
Answer
์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ / ์ค„์ด / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ โ†’ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋ฉด. โœ…
๐Ÿ“š
์ค„์ด๋‹ค collocations:
  • ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ reduce waste
  • ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ reduce consumption
  • ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ reduce emissions
  • ํฌ์žฅ์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ reduce packaging
  • ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ reduce single-use items
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ค„์ด๋‹ค vs ์—†์• ๋‹ค: ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = gradual reduction. ์—†์• ๋‹ค = complete elimination. ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ค„์ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋” natural for everyday goals.

Exercise 3 โ€” Honest & Collective ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿค

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์ˆ˜๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…”์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
It's inconvenient but you need to sort your recycling. ๐Ÿ™
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ. -์ง€๋งŒ keeps ใ…‚.
B. ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์›Œ๋„ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Even if the process is a bit inconvenient we need to do it for the environment. ๐Ÿ™
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ๋„. ใ…‚-irregular + -์•„๋„ = ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ๋„.
C. ์ด ์šด๋™์— ๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
Many people joined this movement. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”. ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š” = honorific past.
D. ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If we join together we can create bigger change. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋ฉด.
E. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
It's inconvenient but if you join in the environment will change. ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿค
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ / ๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋ฉด. โœ…
๐Ÿ“š
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ๋‹ค ใ…‚-irregular:
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ์š” (present)
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šด (modifier)
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ (-์ง€๋งŒ โœ… keeps ใ…‚)
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›Œ๋„ (-์•„/์–ด๋„)
  • ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์šฐ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ (honorific conditional)
๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค โ‰  ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค:
๋™์ฐธ = joining with others in a shared cause. ์ฐธ์—ฌ = participation (can be solo).

Exercise 4 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›์ง€๋งŒ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€๋งŒ
It's inconvenient, but... ๐Ÿ™
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ. -์ง€๋งŒ attaches directly to ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ. โœ…
B. โŒ ๋™์ฐธํ•˜๋‹ค for solo action โ†’ โœ… ํ˜ผ์ž ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๊ณ , ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด์—์š”
Doing it alone is ์‹ค์ฒœ, doing it together is ๋™์ฐธ. ๐ŸŒฑ๐Ÿค
Answer
์‹ค์ฒœ / ๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ํ˜ผ์ž ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด๊ณ , ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ๋™์ฐธ์ด์—์š”. โœ…
C. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
It's inconvenient but carrying a tumbler reduces single-use items and lets you join the environmental effort. ๐Ÿ™๐Ÿง‹๐Ÿ“‰๐ŸŒ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ / ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ / ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ / ์ค„์ด / ๋™์ฐธ โ†’ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋™์ฐธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. All five words. โœ…
๐Ÿ“š
Pitfall Recap
  • โŒ ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ์›์ง€๋งŒ โ†’ โœ… ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ
  • โŒ ๋™์ฐธ for solo โ†’ โœ… ๋™์ฐธ = collective
  • โŒ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ = only plastic โ†’ โœ… cups, bags, straws, utensils
  • โœ… ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = reduce (gradual)
Full waste sentence:
๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋™์ฐธํ•ด์š”! ๐Ÿง‹๐ŸŒฑ๐Ÿค
๐ŸŽ‰ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์–ดํœ˜ ๋งˆ์Šคํ„ฐ! ๐ŸŒฑ Now you can talk about waste reduction naturally in Korean โ€” ์ผํšŒ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ํ…€๋ธ”๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ , ๋ฒˆ๊ฑฐ๋กญ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋™์ฐธํ•ด์š”. ์ž‘์€ ์‹ค์ฒœ์ด ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์š”! โ™ป๏ธโœจ