๐Ÿงน

Vocab: Minimalist Living Habits

Keywords
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค / ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค / ์ทจํ–ฅ / ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ / ์œ ์ง€
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Vocabulary
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงน ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค (to be simple/minimal) is the mindset behind minimalist living โ€” fewer things, calmer space.
  • ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค (to empty out) and ์ทจํ–ฅ (personal taste) help you decide what stays and what goes.
  • ๐Ÿง˜ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ (prudently) and ์œ ์ง€ (maintenance) turn a one-time clean-out into a lasting habit.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Type any Korean word or sentence from this lesson into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it read aloud. Try a full chunk like ์˜ท์žฅ์„ ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. (I emptied my closet and started a simple life.) โ€” notice how ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค and ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค naturally pair in minimalist talk. ๐ŸŽง
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Minimalist living in Korean isn't just about throwing things away โ€” it's about choosing a ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ (simple) lifestyle, ๋น„์šฐ๋Š” (emptying out) what you don't need, and being ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ (prudent) about what you bring back in based on your ์ทจํ–ฅ (taste). The goal is to ์œ ์ง€ (maintain) that calm over time, not just for one big cleaning day.

๐ŸŽจ The Core Minimalist Living Family

1. ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to be simple / minimal ๐Ÿงน
์ƒํ™œ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”. = My life became much simpler. ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ์š”. = I enjoy simple meals. Describes lifestyle, design, or procedures โ€” not a person's intelligence.
2. ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค โ€” to empty out ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ
์˜ท์žฅ์„ ๋น„์› ์–ด์š”. = I emptied the closet. ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๋น„์šฐ๋ฉด ํŽธํ•ด์ ธ์š”. = If you empty your mind, you feel more at ease. Regular ์šฐ+์–ดโ†’์›Œ contraction: ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„์›Œ์š”.
3. ์ทจํ–ฅ โ€” taste / preference ๐ŸŽจ
์ด ์ƒ‰๊น”์€ ์ œ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด์—์š”. = This color is my taste. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์š”. = Everyone's taste is different. Common collocations: ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋งž๋‹ค (to suit one's taste), ์ทจํ–ฅ๋Œ€๋กœ (according to one's taste).
4. ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ€” prudently / carefully (in decisions) ๐Ÿค”
ํฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. = When making a big decision, you should think it through carefully. From ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” a regular ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective (no irregular forms, unlike ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค from the nunchi lesson).
5. ์œ ์ง€ โ€” maintenance / upkeep ๐Ÿ”
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์šด๋™์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. = To maintain your health, you need to exercise consistently. ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to maintain, active) vs. ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค (to be maintained, passive).

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ ๋ผ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์˜ท์žฅ์„ ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
For a minimalist life, I emptied my closet and started a simple lifestyle. ๐Ÿงน
โ€” ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  (sequential -๊ณ ) connects the action of emptying to the result: a ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ lifestyle.
๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ๋•Œ๋Š” ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ทจํ–ฅ์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
When buying furniture, you should carefully consider your own taste. ๐Ÿ›‹๏ธ
โ€” ์ทจํ–ฅ is the object, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ describes how you consider it.
๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ์ง‘์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋น„์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
To keep your house clean, you need to empty out unnecessary items often. ๐Ÿ 
โ€” ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค sets the goal (a clean house), ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค is the repeated action that achieves it.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

  • ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•ด์š” / ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ / ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ€” regular ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective
  • ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„์›Œ์š” / ๋น„์šด / ๋น„์› ์–ด์š” / ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  / ๋น„์šฐ๋ฉด โ€” ์šฐ + ์–ด โ†’ ์›Œ contraction
  • ์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ noun; collocates with ๋งž๋‹ค (์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋งž๋‹ค), ๋Œ€๋กœ (์ทจํ–ฅ๋Œ€๋กœ), ์ด๋‹ค (์ œ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด์—์š”)
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb of ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค (์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์š” / ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ / ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ) โ€” regular ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective, NO ใ…‚-irregular
  • ์œ ์ง€ โ†’ noun + ํ•˜๋‹ค/๋˜๋‹ค: ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to maintain, active) / ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค (to be maintained, passive) / ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ (while maintaining)

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

All vocabulary cross-checked against korean.go.kr โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค vs. ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋‹ค: ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค describes a simplified lifestyle, design, or procedure; ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๋‹ค describes something simple in structure or complexity more generally. ๐Ÿงน
  • ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค vs. ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค: ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค means to empty a space or container (it can be refilled); ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค means to throw something away for good. ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ
  • ์ทจํ–ฅ vs. ๊ธฐํ˜ธ: ์ทจํ–ฅ is everyday personal taste (style, design, hobbies); ๊ธฐํ˜ธ is a slightly more formal preference, often used for food/drink (๊ธฐํ˜ธ์‹ํ’ˆ). ๐ŸŽจ
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ vs. ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ: ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ describes careful thinking/decision-making; ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ describes cautious physical or social action. ๐Ÿค”
  • ์œ ์ง€ vs. ๋ณด์กด: ์œ ์ง€ is keeping up a state, habit, or relationship; ๋ณด์กด is preserving something physical or historical, often more formal. ๐Ÿ”

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ Reading ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค as "simple-minded" โ†’ โœ… It describes a simplified lifestyle, design, or process โ€” not intelligence. ๐Ÿงน
  • โŒ Using ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค when you mean throwing something away forever โ†’ โœ… ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค = empty out (can be refilled); use ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค for permanent disposal. ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ
  • โŒ Assuming ์ทจํ–ฅ only applies to art/design โ†’ โœ… It's used broadly for personal taste in food, music, clothes, and more. ๐ŸŽจ
  • โŒ Adding a ใ…‚-irregular to ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค (saying ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์›Œ์š”) โ†’ โœ… It's a regular ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective: ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์š”, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ. ๐Ÿค”
  • โŒ Mixing up ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to maintain, active) and ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค (to be maintained, passive) โ†’ โœ… "I maintain my health" = ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์š”; "My health is maintained" = ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์œ ์ง€๋ผ์š”. ๐Ÿ”
Five words, one mindset: simplify, empty out, choose by taste, decide carefully, and keep it that way. ๐Ÿงน๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ๐Ÿ”
ย 
Try this exercise
Instructions: Choose the best word or form for each sentence. Say the full sentence aloud before checking the Answer toggle.
1. ์š”์ฆ˜์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฆ๊ฒจ์š”.
(I enjoy simple meals these days.) ๐Ÿงน
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ โ†’ modifier form of ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค.
2. ์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(I emptied the whole room before moving.) ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ
Answer
๋น„์› ์–ด์š” โ†’ past tense of ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค.
3. ์ด ์ƒ‰๊น”์€ ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋งž์•„์š”.
(This color suits my taste.) ๐ŸŽจ
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋งž๋‹ค = to suit one's taste.
4. ํฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ๋•Œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
(When making a big decision, you should think carefully.) ๐Ÿค”
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb form of ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค.
5. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์šด๋™์„ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
(To maintain your health, you need to exercise consistently.) ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to maintain.
6. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด์š”.
(He likes simple outfits.) ๐Ÿงน
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ โ†’ modifier before ์˜ท์ฐจ๋ฆผ (outfit).
7. ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
(Empty your mind and think again.) ๐Ÿง˜
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -๊ณ  (sequential).
8. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
(Everyone's taste is different, so don't force it.) ๐ŸŽจ
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค = tastes differ.
9. ๋ˆ์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
(When spending money, decide carefully.) ๐Ÿค”
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ modifies ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค (to decide).
10. ์ข‹์€ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
(It's important to maintain good habits.) ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to maintain.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ simple; minimal
  • ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to empty out
  • ์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ taste; preference
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ prudently; carefully
  • ์œ ์ง€ โ†’ maintenance; upkeep
Pitfalls ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค โ‰  ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค (empty vs. discard).
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์š” (regular, no ใ…‚-irregular).
  • ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค (active) vs. ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค (passive).

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐Ÿš€
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Vocab: Minimalist Living Habits
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค, ์ทจํ–ฅ, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ์œ ์ง€ โ€” five words for a calmer, simpler life. ๐Ÿงน Let's drill recall, conjugation, and natural sentence flow until minimalist talk feels effortless.
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use the Korean Helper Widgets to hear any sentence.

Exercise 1 โ€” ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค & ์œ ์ง€ Recall ๐Ÿงน

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ด๋ฆผ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์ค„์˜€์–ด์š”.
(For a simple household, I reduced the number of items.) ๐Ÿ 
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ โ†’ modifier before ์‚ด๋ฆผ (household).
B. ์†๋‹˜ ์ ‘๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค€๋น„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I prepared the guest reception simply.) ๐Ÿฝ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค.
C. ์ด ์•ฑ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(This app's design is very simple.) ๐Ÿ“ฑ
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•ด์š” โ†’ present tense of ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค.
D. ๊ทœ์น™์ ์ธ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์— ์ข‹์•„์š”.
(Maintaining a regular lifestyle is good for health.) ๐Ÿ’ช
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to maintain.
E. ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(The company decided to maintain the existing price.) ๐Ÿข
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to decide to maintain.
F. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I handled the task with a simple procedure.) ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ โ†’ modifier before ์ ˆ์ฐจ (procedure).
G. ์ข‹์€ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
(Maintaining a good relationship requires effort.) ๐Ÿค
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด = in order to maintain.
H. ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I organized the presentation simply.) ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค.
I. ๋‹ค์ด์–ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํ›„๋กœ ์ฒด์ค‘์„ ์ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
(Since starting the diet, I've been maintaining my weight well.) โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค = is maintaining.
J. ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์–ด์š”.
(I reduced furniture and changed to a minimalist interior.) ๐Ÿ›‹๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ โ†’ modifier before ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด (interior).
๐Ÿ“š
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค & ์œ ์ง€ Reference:
  • ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ/๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ/๊ฐ„์†Œํ•ด์š” โ†’ simple (modifier/adverb/present)
  • ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to maintain (active)
  • ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be maintained (passive)
  • ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to decide to maintain
  • ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ is currently maintaining
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค & ์ทจํ–ฅ Recall ๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ

A. ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(I emptied the fridge before moving.) ๐ŸงŠ
Answer
๋น„์› ์–ด์š” โ†’ past tense of ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค.
B. ๊ทธ ๋””์ž์ธ์€ ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
(That design isn't my taste.) ๐ŸŽจ
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค = not to one's taste.
C. ์˜ท์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ์•ˆ ์ž…๋Š” ์˜ท์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I emptied the closet and sorted out clothes I don't wear.) ๐Ÿ‘•
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -๊ณ  (sequential).
D. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
(Everyone's taste is different, so we should respect it.) ๐Ÿ™
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค = tastes differ.
E. ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ค๊ณ  ์‚ฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
(I went for a walk to empty my head.) ๐Ÿšถ
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -(์œผ)๋ ค๊ณ  (in order to).
F. ์ด ์นดํŽ˜๋Š” ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋”ฑ ๋งž์•„์š”.
(This cafรฉ perfectly suits my taste.) โ˜•
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋”ฑ ๋งž๋‹ค = perfectly suits one's taste.
G. ์ฑ…์ƒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„œ ๊น”๋”ํ•ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.
(Having emptied the desk, it looks tidy.) ๐Ÿ–ฅ๏ธ
Answer
๋น„์›Œ โ†’ -์•„/์–ด์„œ form (์šฐ+์–ดโ†’์›Œ).
H. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Œ€๋กœ ๊ณจ๋ผ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
(You can choose according to your own taste.) ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ๋Œ€๋กœ = according to one's taste.
I. ์ปต์— ๋ฌผ์„ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(I emptied all the water from the cup.) ๐Ÿฅค
Answer
๋น„์› ์–ด์š” โ†’ past tense of ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค.
J. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ™•์‹คํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์š”.
(That person has clear preferences, so it's easy to choose for them.) ๐ŸŽ
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค = to have clear taste.
๐Ÿ“š
๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค & ์ทจํ–ฅ Reference:
  • ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„์›Œ์š”/๋น„์› ์–ด์š”/๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  โ†’ ์šฐ+์–ดโ†’์›Œ contraction
  • ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ๋งž๋‹ค/๋”ฑ ๋งž๋‹ค โ†’ to suit one's taste
  • ์ทจํ–ฅ๋Œ€๋กœ โ†’ according to one's taste
  • ์ทจํ–ฅ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค/ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๋‹ค/์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ taste descriptions
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Conjugating ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค (์šฐ + ์–ด โ†’ ์›Œ) ๐Ÿซ™

A. ์–ด์ œ ์ฐฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(Yesterday I emptied the whole storage room.) ๐Ÿ“ฆ
Answer
๋น„์› ์–ด์š” โ†’ past tense.
B. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
(I am emptying my bag now.) ๐ŸŽ’
Answer
๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  โ†’ -๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (progressive).
C. ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ์ž ๊น ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
(I left my seat empty and stepped out for a moment.) ๐Ÿช‘
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -๊ณ  (sequential).
D. ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฉด ๋” ํŽธํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
(If you empty your mind, you'll feel more at ease.) ๐Ÿง˜
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -(์œผ)๋ฉด (conditional).
E. ์„œ๋ž์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„œ ์ƒˆ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I emptied the drawer and put new things in.) ๐Ÿ—„๏ธ
Answer
๋น„์›Œ โ†’ -์•„/์–ด์„œ (์šฐ+์–ดโ†’์›Œ).
F. ๋‹ค์Œ ์ฃผ์— ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(I will vacate the office next week.) ๐Ÿข
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค (formal future).
G. ๊ทธ๋ฆ‡์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
(Please empty the bowl.) ๐Ÿš
Answer
๋น„์›Œ โ†’ -์•„/์–ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” (polite request).
H. ๋งค๋ฒˆ ์ปต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์Šต๊ด€์ด ์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
(I've developed a habit of emptying my cup each time.) โ˜•
Answer
๋น„์šฐ๋Š” โ†’ modifier form before ์Šต๊ด€.
I. ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ค๊ณ  ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I listened to music to empty my mind.) ๐ŸŽต
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -(์œผ)๋ ค๊ณ  (in order to).
J. ์ง์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ›„์— ์ฒญ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(After emptying the luggage, I started cleaning.) ๐Ÿงณ
Answer
๋น„์šด โ†’ modifier form, past + ํ›„์—.
๐Ÿ“š
๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค Conjugation Reference:
  • ๋น„์›Œ์š” โ†’ present (์šฐ+์–ดโ†’์›Œ)
  • ๋น„์› ์–ด์š” โ†’ past
  • ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ  โ†’ and then / -๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค (progressive)
  • ๋น„์šฐ๋Š” / ๋น„์šด โ†’ modifier (present/past)
  • ๋น„์šฐ๋ฉด / ๋น„์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  / ๋น„์šฐ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ†’ conditional / purpose / future
  • ๋น„์›Œ์„œ / ๋น„์›Œ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” โ†’ -์•„/์–ด forms
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Conjugating ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ / ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค ๐Ÿค”

A. ๊ทธ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ด์š”.
(He always acts prudently.) ๐Ÿšถ
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb form.
B. ํˆฌ์žํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํŒ๋‹จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
(When investing, you must judge carefully.) ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค.
C. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์„ฑ๊ฒฉ์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(That person's personality is very prudent.) ๐Ÿ™‚
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์š” โ†’ present tense, regular ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective.
D. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํƒœ๋„๋กœ ๋ฉด์ ‘์— ์ž„ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I approached the interview with a prudent attitude.) ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ โ†’ modifier before ํƒœ๋„ (attitude).
E. ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„œ์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฝ์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
(Before signing the contract, read it carefully.) ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ์ฝ๋‹ค.
F. ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
(Before making a decision, let's think more carefully.) ๐Ÿค“
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค.
G. ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋ผ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด์š”.
(She's a prudent person, so she makes few mistakes.) โœ…
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ โ†’ modifier before ์‚ฌ๋žŒ (person).
H. ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
(The more important the matter, the more prudently you should approach it.) ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋‹ค.
I. ์ƒˆ ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„œ ํ›„ํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
(Because I was prudent when choosing a new job, I have no regrets.) ๐Ÿข
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด โ†’ -์•„์„œ/์–ด์„œ form, regular ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective.
J. ๋ฐœ์–ธํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด ์„ ํƒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
(When speaking, you should choose your words carefully.) ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ํ•˜๋‹ค (๋‹จ์–ด ์„ ํƒ์„ ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค).
๐Ÿ“š
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค Conjugation Reference:
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์š” โ†’ present (regular ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective)
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ โ†’ modifier
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•ด์„œ โ†’ -์•„์„œ/์–ด์„œ (cause)
  • NO ใ…‚-irregular โ€” unlike ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery ๐Ÿงฉ

A. ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ ๋ผ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(As I started a minimalist life, I made my room simple.) ๐Ÿงน
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ํ•˜๋‹ค.
B. ์•ˆ ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(I emptied out unused items and donated them.) ๐ŸŽ
Answer
๋น„์šฐ โ†’ stem + -๊ณ  (sequential).
C. ์ธํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋•Œ ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(When choosing the interior, I reflected my own taste.) ๐Ÿ›‹๏ธ
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to reflect one's taste.
D. ํฐ ์ง€์ถœ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š”.
(I always decide big expenses carefully.) ๐Ÿ’ณ
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค.
E. ์ •๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ ๋ผ์ดํ”„์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ด์—์š”.
(Maintaining tidiness is the core of minimalist living.) ๐Ÿงบ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค = to maintain.
F. ์˜ท์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„œ ๊ณ„์ ˆ์— ์•ˆ ๋งž๋Š” ์˜ท์„ ๋บ์–ด์š”.
(After emptying the closet, I removed clothes that didn't fit the season.) ๐Ÿ‘š
Answer
๋น„์›Œ โ†’ -์•„/์–ด์„œ form of ๋น„์šฐ๋‹ค.
G. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์š”์ฆ˜ ์ธ๊ธฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
(Minimalist-design furniture is popular these days.) ๐Ÿช‘
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ โ†’ modifier before ๋””์ž์ธ.
H. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ตœ์†Œ ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ค์š”.
(Maintaining a new habit takes at least a month.) ๐Ÿ“…
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ†’ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด = in order to maintain.
I. ๋ฌผ๊ฑด์„ ์‚ด ๋•Œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ์•ˆ ๋งž์œผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
(When buying things, if it doesn't suit my taste, I don't buy it.) ๐Ÿ›’
Answer
์ทจํ–ฅ โ†’ ์ทจํ–ฅ์— ์•ˆ ๋งž๋‹ค = doesn't suit one's taste.
J. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ํ›„์— ๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ€ ๋ผ์ดํ”„๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
(After thinking it over carefully, I chose minimalist living.) ๐Ÿค”
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ adverb modifying ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค.
๐Ÿ“š
Mixed Mastery Reference:
  • ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ/๊ฐ„์†Œํ•œ โ†’ simple (adverb/modifier)
  • ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ /๋น„์›Œ โ†’ empty out (sequential / -์•„์„œ)
  • ์ทจํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค/์•ˆ ๋งž๋‹ค โ†’ taste phrases
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ carefully (decisions)
  • ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค/์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด โ†’ to maintain / in order to maintain
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๋‹จ์–ด, ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋งˆ์Œ๊ฐ€์ง: ๊ฐ„์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๋น„์šฐ๊ณ , ์ทจํ–ฅ๋Œ€๋กœ, ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ! Five words, one mindset โ€” simplify, empty out, choose by taste, decide carefully, and keep it up. ๐Ÿงน๐Ÿ—‘๏ธ๐Ÿ”