๐Ÿ˜ค

Vocab: Expressing Frustration

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค / ์งœ์ฆ / ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค / ์ฐธ๋‹ค / ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Vocabulary
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ˜ค ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค = that suffocated, nothing-is-moving feeling โ€” deeper than plain "frustrated"
  • ๐Ÿ’ข ์งœ์ฆ(๋‚˜๋‹ค) = irritation that bubbles up fast; ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค = when everything gets tangled and goes sideways
  • ๐Ÿซ ์ฐธ๋‹ค holds it in; ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค lets it all out โ€” two sides of the same emotional coin
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Head to the Korean Helper Widgets and type any word or sentence from this lesson to hear it read aloud at natural speed. Frustration vocabulary sounds very satisfying to say out loud. ๐Ÿ˜ค

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Everyone gets frustrated โ€” but in Korean, one English word doesn't cut it. Korean speakers reach for different words depending on how they're frustrated: the slow-burn suffocating kind, the sharp snappy kind, or the "everything's going wrong" kind. Getting these right will make your Korean feel dramatically more natural.
The five words in this lesson form a complete emotional toolkit. You'll use ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค when you're stuck and can't move forward, ์งœ์ฆ(๋‚˜๋‹ค) when something or someone is getting on your nerves, ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค when plans unravel, ์ฐธ๋‹ค when you're holding it together, and ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค when you finally let it all out.

๐ŸŽจ The Core Frustration Family

1. ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to feel suffocated, stifled, stuck
This is frustration with a heavy, airless quality โ€” like when no one listens, a problem won't budge, or communication breaks down. It's not hot anger; it's the slow squeeze. The noun form is ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•จ.
2. ์งœ์ฆ / ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ€” irritation, to get annoyed ๐Ÿ˜ค
์งœ์ฆ is the noun (irritation), ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค is the verb (to get annoyed), and ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š” is something you'll hear constantly in everyday Korean. It covers everything from mild annoyance to sharp exasperation.
3. ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค โ€” to get twisted, tangled; for plans/situations to go sideways ๐Ÿงถ
Literally "to be twisted/tangled," but used figuratively when things go wrong in a complicated way. ์ผ์ด ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค = things got complicated. ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค = the relationship got tangled.
4. ์ฐธ๋‹ค โ€” to endure, hold back, suppress ๐Ÿซ
Used when you're holding in frustration, pain, or the urge to react. Very common in Korean emotional vocabulary. ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š” = I can't hold it back anymore.
5. ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค โ€” to vent, to open up and let it all out ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Literally "to shake off and lay out." Used when someone finally expresses what they've been bottling up. Often used with ๋‹ค (everything): ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค = to get everything off your chest.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

์™œ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ œ ๋ง์„ ์•ˆ ๋“ค์–ด์š”? ์ •๋ง ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”.
Why does nobody listen to me? I'm so frustrated (suffocated). ๐Ÿ˜ค
โ€” ์ œ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ๋‹ค = to listen to what I'm saying; ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค here captures the helpless, blocked feeling perfectly
ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์ทจ์†Œ๋์–ด์š”? ์ง„์งœ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋„ค์š”.
The meeting got cancelled again? That's genuinely annoying. ๐Ÿ’ข
โ€” ๋˜ = again; ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋‹ค = to be cancelled; ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋„ค์š” = a natural expression of irritation, softer than a shout
์š”์ฆ˜ ์ผ์ด ์ž๊พธ ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์„œ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„ํŒŒ์š”.
Things keep going sideways lately and it's giving me a headache. ๐Ÿงถ
โ€” ์ž๊พธ = repeatedly; ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค in the -์•„/์–ด์„œ form links the cause to the result
ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”.
Even though I was angry, I just held it in. ๐Ÿซ
โ€” ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋‹ค = to get angry; ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ = just, simply; ์ฐธ๋‹ค in past tense
์นœ๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ข€ ๋‚˜์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
After getting everything off my chest to a friend, I felt a bit better. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
โ€” -๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ = after doing something, (I found that...); ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๋‹ค = to get better/improve

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Most of these words follow standard patterns:
  • ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ adjective: conjugates like any ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š” / ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š” / ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
  • ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ verb: conjugates like ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š” / ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š” / ์งœ์ฆ๋‚  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
  • ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค โ†’ passive verb: conjugates like ์ด๋‹ค group โ†’ ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์š” / ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”
  • ์ฐธ๋‹ค โ†’ regular verb (ใ„ท-irregular? No โ€” ์ฐธ๋‹ค is regular): ์ฐธ์•„์š” / ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š” / ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์š”
  • ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค โ†’ compound verb (ํ„ธ๋‹ค + ๋†“๋‹ค): ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•„์š” โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†”์š” / ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

All vocabulary and conjugation forms cross-checked against korean.go.kr โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ‰ˆ ๋ง‰๋ง‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” ๋ง‰๋ง‰ํ•˜๋‹ค is when you have no idea where to go or what to do (hopeless/lost), while ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค is more about a blocked, stifled feeling specifically
  • ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ‰ˆ ํ™”๋‚˜๋‹ค โ€” ํ™”๋‚˜๋‹ค is stronger (angry); ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค is irritated/annoyed, lower on the scale
  • ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค โ‰ˆ ์†์„ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค โ€” ์†์„ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค specifically means to open up your inner feelings (์† = inside/heart), a slightly more emotional/intimate version

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

โŒ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š” (when you mean snappy irritation) โ†’ โœ… ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š” โ€” ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค is the heavy, stifled kind of frustration, not general annoyance. Match the word to the emotion.
โŒ ์ผ์ด ๊ผฌ์•˜์–ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ์ผ์ด ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š” โ€” ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค is a passive verb; the correct past tense is ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”, not ๊ผฌ์•˜์–ด์š”.
โŒ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š” (awkward) โ†’ โœ… ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์–ต๋ˆŒ๋ €์–ด์š” or ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š” โ€” ์ฐธ๋‹ค pairs more naturally with ํ™” (anger) or pain. For suppressing irritation, ์–ต๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋‹ค (to suppress) sounds more natural.
โŒ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์–ด์š” (overly formal in casual speech) โ†’ โœ… ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š” โ€” In spoken Korean, ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•„์š” contracts to ํ„ธ์–ด๋†”์š” and the past ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์–ด์š” becomes ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”.
โŒ Using ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค only for yourself โ†’ โœ… Use it for others too: ์ € ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์™œ ์ €๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜์ง€? (Why is that person so frustratingly dense?) โ€” very common usage.
์ด์ œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋์–ด์š”! ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•  ๋•Œ๋„, ์งœ์ฆ๋‚  ๋•Œ๋„, ๋‹ค ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๐ŸŽ‰
Try this exercise
Instructions: Fill in each blank with the correct word from today's lesson. Say the completed sentence aloud, then check the Answer toggle. Some questions have more than one possible answer โ€” check the toggle to see if yours counts!
1. ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด๋„ ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ชป ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
No matter how much I explain, they don't understand โ€” it's so frustrating (stifling). ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค is the right word here because the frustration comes from a communication blockage โ€” the suffocating kind, not snappy irritation.
2. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋˜ ์ง€๊ฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ง„์งœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜์š”.
I was late again today. It's genuinely annoying. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š”. ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค = to get annoyed/irritated. ์ง„์งœ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š” is very natural spoken Korean.
3. ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์–ด์„œ ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
All the plans got tangled up so I have to start over from scratch. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์˜€ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์„œ (because the -์•„/์–ด์„œ connective form of ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค is ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์„œ). The sentence structure: plan + ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค + -์•„/์–ด์„œ (causal connector).
4. ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•˜์–ด์š”.
I was angry but I just held it in. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”. ์ฐธ๋‹ค is a regular verb: ์ฐธ์•„์š” (present), ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š” (past). ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฐธ๋‹ค = to just endure/hold it in.
5. ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ˜ผ์ž ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์นœ๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†จ์–ด์š”.
I'd been struggling alone for a long time, but I finally got everything off my chest to a friend. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š” (contracted spoken form of ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์–ด์š”). ๋“œ๋””์–ด = finally; ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค = to let everything out.
6. ์š”์ฆ˜ ์™œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ด ์ž๊พธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์–ด์š”?
Why do things keep going sideways like this lately? ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์—ฌ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์š” (present tense of ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค). ์ž๊พธ = repeatedly/keeps happening.
7. ๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์š”.
That sound is really annoying (makes me irritated). ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์š” = makes (me) annoyed. ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค is a natural causative pattern.
8. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”?
How much longer do I have to hold it in? ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š” = have to endure/hold it in. -์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค = must do / have to do.
9. ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง์„ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ด ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
If you let out everything inside, you'll feel better. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์œผ๋ฉด (if you vent/open up). ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง = the words/feelings inside you. -์œผ๋ฉด = if/when.
10. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋‚˜์™€์š”.
This situation is so suffocating/frustrating that I'm at a loss for words. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์„œ. The -์•„/์–ด์„œ form links the cause (suffocating frustration) to the result (speechless). ๋ง๋„ ์•ˆ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋‹ค = to be at a loss for words (literally "words won't even come out").
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to feel stifled/suffocated (adj)
  • ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•จ โ†’ the suffocating feeling (noun)
  • ์งœ์ฆ โ†’ irritation (noun)
  • ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ to get annoyed (verb)
  • ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to get tangled/go sideways (verb)
  • ์ฐธ๋‹ค โ†’ to endure/hold back (verb)
  • ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค โ†’ to vent/open up (verb)
  • ์ž๊พธ โ†’ repeatedly, keeps
  • ๋“œ๋””์–ด โ†’ finally
  • ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ โ†’ just, simply
  • ์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โ†’ from the start
  • ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ง โ†’ feelings inside
Memory tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ๋‹ต๋‹ต sounds like a dull thud โ€” that blocked, heavy feeling
  • ์งœ์ฆ โ€” sharp sound, sharp feeling
  • ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค = ํ„ธ๋‹ค (shake off) + ๋†“๋‹ค (put down) โ†’ shake it off and lay it down

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐Ÿš€
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Vocab: Expressing Frustration
Welcome to the frustration release zone! ๐Ÿ˜ค This Practice Hub drills all five words from today โ€” ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค, ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค, ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค, ์ฐธ๋‹ค, and ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค โ€” through five themed exercises covering everyday situations where these emotions actually come up. By the end you'll know exactly which word to reach for and when. ๐ŸŽฏ
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use the Korean Helper Widgets to hear any sentence at natural Korean speed โ€” especially helpful for ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š”, which Koreans say with a very specific intonation.
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Fill in each blank with the correct word or form. Say the sentence aloud before checking the Answer toggle. Pay attention to verb forms โ€” conjugation matters here!

Exercise 1 โ€” Everyday Irritations ๐Ÿ’ข

A. ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜์š”.
The bus was late again. It's really annoying. ๐ŸšŒ
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š”. ๋˜ = again; ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค is perfect for repeated minor irritations.
B. ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
No matter how long I wait, there's no reply โ€” it's so stifling. ๐Ÿ“ต
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. The lack of response/communication is classic ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค territory.
C. ์•ฝ์†์ด ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์ทจ์†Œ๋ผ์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
The appointment was suddenly cancelled and my whole day's plan got tangled up. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์˜€ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”. ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ = suddenly; ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋‹ค = to be cancelled; ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค in past tense = ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”.
D. ์šธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•˜์–ด์š”.
I wanted to cry but I held it in. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”. ์šธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค = to want to cry; ์ฐธ๋‹ค in past = ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”.
E. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์—„๋งˆํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†จ์–ด์š”.
Today I finally got everything off my chest to my mum. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”. ๋“œ๋””์–ด = finally; ์—„๋งˆํ•œํ…Œ = to mum; ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค = to lay everything out.
F. ๊ทธ ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๊พธ ์•ฝ์†์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์š”.
That friend keeps breaking promises and it's making me annoyed. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์š”. ์•ฝ์†์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋‹ค = to break a promise; ์ž๊พธ = keeps doing it; ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to make (someone) annoyed.
G. ์™œ ๋ง์„ ํ•ด๋„ ์•ˆ ํ†ตํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
It's so frustrating why nothing gets through no matter what I say. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. ๋ง์ด ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค = communication doesn't get through โ€” the definition of ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค.
H. ์‹ซ์–ด๋„ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ์›ƒ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
Even though I didn't like it, I just held it in and smiled. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ๊ณ . -๊ณ  is the connective form: ์ฐธ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฐธ๊ณ  (and then / while). ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์›ƒ๋‹ค = hold it in and smile.
I. ์ผ์ด ์ž๊พธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์–ด์„œ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„์š”.
Things keep going sideways and I'm getting a lot of stress. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์˜€ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์„œ. ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค + -์•„/์–ด์„œ = ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์„œ (because things got tangled). ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค = to receive/experience stress.
J. ํž˜๋“  ๊ฑธ ํ˜ผ์ž ์ฐธ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š”.
Don't hold the hard stuff in alone โ€” open up to me. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š” (formal polite imperative of ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค). -์ง€ ๋ง๋‹ค = don't do; ํ˜ผ์ž = alone.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋˜ โ†’ again
  • ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ -์•„/์–ด๋„ โ†’ no matter how much
  • ์—ฐ๋ฝ โ†’ contact/reply
  • ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ โ†’ suddenly
  • ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be cancelled
  • ์šธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋‹ค โ†’ to want to cry
  • ์•ฝ์†์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to break a promise
  • ๋ง์ด ํ†ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ for communication to get through
  • ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to experience stress
  • ํ˜ผ์ž โ†’ alone
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค = blocked communication or situation. ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค = sharp, snappy irritation. Don't swap them!

Exercise 2 โ€” Work & Study Frustrations ๐Ÿ’ผ

A. ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์–ด์„œ ์ผ์ •์ด ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
The meeting changed three times and the whole schedule got tangled up. ๐Ÿ“…
Answer
๊ผฌ์˜€ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”. ์„ธ ๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ = as many as three times; ์ผ์ • = schedule; ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค past = ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”.
B. ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ์•ˆ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
The professor won't answer my question โ€” it's really stifling. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. A professor not engaging = communication blockage = ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค perfectly.
C. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊บผ์ ธ์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
I was preparing my presentation and the computer suddenly shut off โ€” I got so annoyed. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. ๋ฐœํ‘œ = presentation; ๊บผ์ง€๋‹ค = to turn off/shut down; ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค past = ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
D. ๋งˆ๊ฐ์ด ๋‚ด์ผ์ธ๋ฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ์‰ฌ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
The deadline is tomorrow but today I just held it in and rested. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ๊ณ . ๋งˆ๊ฐ = deadline; ์ฐธ๊ณ  ์‰ฌ๋‹ค = hold it in and rest. -๊ณ  connective.
E. ํŒ€์›ํ•œํ…Œ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
After venting all my long-held worries to my team member, I felt much lighter. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. -์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ = because / now that. ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์ง€๋‹ค = to become lighter/relieved. ํ›จ์”ฌ = much more.
F. ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
Watching the same mistake repeated is really stifling/frustrating. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. Watching someone repeat errors without change = the helpless, stifled ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค feeling.
G. ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์–ด์š”.
The project has been going sideways from the very start. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์—ฌ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์š”. ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ = from the start; ๊ณ„์† = continuously; ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค present = ๊ผฌ์—ฌ์š”.
H. ํ›„๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•„์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Sometimes you have to hold it in even when a junior makes another mistake. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์•„์•ผ. ์ฐธ๋‹ค + -์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค = have to endure. ํ›„๋ฐฐ = junior colleague/student. -์•„๋„ = even if.
I. ์ด ์ผ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ํž˜๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†จ์–ด์š”.
This situation was so hard โ€” today I got everything off my chest to a counsellor. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”. ์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌ = counsellor; -๋Š”๋ฐ = but/and (connective); ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค = to vent everything.
J. ๋ฐœํ‘œ ์ค‘์— ๋ง์ด ๋ง‰ํ˜€์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
During the presentation my words got stuck and it was so stifling/embarrassing. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๋ง์ด ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋‹ค = words get stuck/blocked โ€” the physical version of the ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค feeling.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋งˆ๊ฐ โ†’ deadline
  • ๋ฐœํ‘œ โ†’ presentation
  • ๊บผ์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to turn off/shut down
  • ํ›„๋ฐฐ โ†’ junior (colleague or student)
  • ์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌ โ†’ counsellor
  • ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to feel lighter/relieved
  • ํ›จ์”ฌ โ†’ much more
  • ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to repeat
  • ๋ง์ด ๋ง‰ํžˆ๋‹ค โ†’ words get stuck
  • ์‹œ์ž‘๋ถ€ํ„ฐ โ†’ from the start
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค describes situations unravelling โ€” plans, schedules, relationships. Not feelings directly, but the circumstances causing them.

Exercise 3 โ€” Relationships & Communication ๐Ÿ’ฌ

A. ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๋ง์„ ์˜คํ•ดํ•ด์„œ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
My friend misunderstood me and the relationship got a bit tangled. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์˜€ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”. ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค = to misunderstand; ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค = relationship gets complicated/tangled.
B. ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ง„์งœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜์š”.
They keep ignoring my messages and it's genuinely annoying. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š”. ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค = to ignore; ๊ณ„์† = keeps doing.
C. ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์ด ์ œ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์ดํ•ด ๋ชป ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
It seems like the other person doesn't understand my feelings at all โ€” so stifling. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ = the other person; ์ „ํ˜€ -์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค = not at all; feeling unseen/unheard = ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค.
D. ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•˜์–ด์š”.
I was very angry but I held it in at that moment. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ = in that moment/on that spot. Past tense: ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”.
E. ์˜คํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์˜€๋˜ ๊ฑธ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์„œ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“์•˜์–ด์š”.
Today we finally got everything off our chests โ€” the misunderstandings that had built up. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์–ด์š” / ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”. ์„œ๋กœ = each other; ์˜คํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๋‹ค = misunderstandings accumulate; ๋“œ๋””์–ด = finally.
F. ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ์—ด ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋” ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์™œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
I've said the same thing more than ten times โ€” it's stifling that they still don't get it. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. ์—ด ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋” = more than ten times; ์™œ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š”์ง€ = why they don't know/understand.
G. ๊ทธ ๋ง ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
After hearing that, I got really annoyed. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ ๋ง = those words; -๊ณ  = and then; ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค past = ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
H. ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
I was hurt a lot but I decided to just endure it. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ฐธ๋‹ค + -๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to decide to endure. ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›๋‹ค = to get hurt.
I. ๋‚จ์ž์นœ๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐธ์•˜๋˜ ๊ฑธ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†จ์–ด์š”.
I finally let out everything I'd been holding in to my boyfriend. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ = all this time; ์ฐธ์•˜๋˜ = what I had endured; ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค = let it all out.
J. ๋‘˜์ด์„œ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
If the two of you don't talk honestly, the relationship will keep getting tangled. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค + -(์œผ)ใ„น ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š” = will get tangled (future). ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ = honestly.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to misunderstand
  • ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ignore
  • ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ โ†’ the other person
  • ์ „ํ˜€ -์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค โ†’ not at all
  • ์„œ๋กœ โ†’ each other
  • ์˜คํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์Œ“์ด๋‹ค โ†’ misunderstandings accumulate
  • ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to get hurt
  • ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ โ†’ all this time
  • ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ†’ honestly
  • ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ โ†’ on the spot / at that moment
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค is most natural with a person recipient: ์นœ๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ, ์—„๋งˆํ•œํ…Œ, ์ƒ๋‹ด์‚ฌํ•œํ…Œ. You vent to someone.

Exercise 4 โ€” Conjugation Focus ๐Ÿ”ง

A. ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋„ค์š”! (present tense, stifled frustration)
That's really frustrating! ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋„ค์š”. -๋„ค์š” adds a nuance of mild surprise/reaction โ€” natural for reacting to something frustrating.
B. ์–ด์ œ ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. (past tense, irritation)
I got so annoyed at yesterday's meeting. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”. ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค past = ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
C. ์ด ์ •๋„๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”. (can't hold it in)
At this point I can't hold it in anymore. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”. ์ฐธ๋‹ค + -(์œผ)ใ„น ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค = cannot endure/hold it in. Very natural expression.
D. ๊ณ„ํš์ด ๋˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–กํ•ด์š”? (if it gets tangled again)
What do we do if the plan gets tangled again? ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์ด โ†’ ๊ผฌ์ด๋ฉด. ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค + -(์œผ)๋ฉด = if it gets tangled. ์–ด๋–กํ•˜๋‹ค = what to do.
E. ์†๋งˆ์Œ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”. (venting = not easy)
Letting out your inner feelings is not easy. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋Š” ๊ฒŒ. ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค + -๋Š” ๊ฒƒ (nominaliser) = the act of venting. ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค = not easy.
F. ๊ทธ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. (how stifling it must have been)
I can't even imagine how stifling that situation must have been. ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ–ˆ์„์ง€. ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค past conjecture: ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ–ˆ์„์ง€ (how stifling it must have been). ์ƒ์ƒ๋„ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋‹ค = can't even imagine.
G. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜์„œ ์•„๋ฌด ๋ง๋„ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. (was so annoyed that)
I was so annoyed I couldn't say anything. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์„œ. ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค + -์•„/์–ด์„œ = because I was annoyed (causal connector).
H. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ๋งํ•ด์š”. (stop holding it in)
Stop holding it in and just say it. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์ง€. ์ฐธ๋‹ค + -์ง€ ๋ง๋‹ค = don't endure/hold it in (negative imperative).
I. ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”. (didn't know things would get tangled)
I didn't know things would get this tangled. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์ผ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์ผ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”. -(์œผ)ใ„น ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค = didn't know that (something) would happen.
J. ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“์„๊ฒŒ์š”. (I'll vent everything today)
I'll get everything off my chest today. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์„๊ฒŒ์š”. -(์œผ)ใ„น๊ฒŒ์š” = I will (promise/intention). ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค = vent everything.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • -๋„ค์š” โ†’ reaction/mild surprise ending
  • -(์œผ)ใ„น ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ cannot do
  • -(์œผ)๋ฉด โ†’ if/when
  • -๋Š” ๊ฒƒ โ†’ the act of (nominaliser)
  • ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ -์•˜/์—ˆ์„์ง€ โ†’ how much it must have been
  • -์•„/์–ด์„œ โ†’ because / so (causal)
  • -์ง€ ๋ง๋‹ค โ†’ don't do (negative imperative)
  • -(์œผ)ใ„น ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž๋‹ค โ†’ didn't know would happen
  • -(์œผ)ใ„น๊ฒŒ์š” โ†’ I will (intention)
  • ์†๋งˆ์Œ โ†’ inner feelings/thoughts
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Each vocabulary word here appears in multiple grammar patterns. The conjugation changes but the word stays the same โ€” master the base form and the rest follows.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์งœ์ฆํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜์š”
I'm annoyed. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š”. ์งœ์ฆ is a noun โ€” you can't say ์งœ์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค. The verb is ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค. โœ…
B. โŒ ์ผ์ด ๊ผฌ์•˜์–ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ์ผ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—ˆ์–ด์š”
Things got tangled. ๐Ÿงถ
Answer
๊ผฌ์˜€ โ†’ ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”. ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค is passive โ€” past tense is ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š”, not ๊ผฌ์•˜์–ด์š”. โœ…
C. ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•œ๋ฐ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”?
This situation is so stifling โ€” how long do I have to hold it in? ๐Ÿซ
Answer
์ฐธ โ†’ ์ฐธ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ์ฐธ๋‹ค + -์•„์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค = have to endure. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋” (how much longer) could precede ์ฐธ์•„์•ผ for full naturalness.
D. โŒ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š” (when you mean snappy irritation at a noise) โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‚˜์š”
That noise is really annoying. ๐Ÿ’ข
Answer
์งœ์ฆ โ†’ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š”. Sharp, sensory irritation = ์งœ์ฆ. ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค is for blocked situations/communication, not annoyance at sounds. โœ…
E. ์นœ๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ณ ๋ฏผ์„ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
After venting all my long-held worries to a friend, my mind felt at ease. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ. -์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ = because / now that. ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ํŽธํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค = to feel at ease.
F. โŒ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š” (unnatural) โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”
I held my anger in. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
ํ™” โ†’ ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐธ์•˜์–ด์š”. ์ฐธ๋‹ค pairs most naturally with ํ™” (anger) or pain โ€” not ์งœ์ฆ. For suppressing irritation use ์–ต๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋‹ค. โœ…
G. ์—ฐ๋ฝ์ด ์—†์–ด์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„๊ฒŒ์š”.
There's no reply and it's stifling, but I'll just hold it in. ๐Ÿ˜ค๐Ÿซ
Answer
๋‹ต๋‹ต / ์ฐธ โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•œ๋ฐ, ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ฐธ์„๊ฒŒ์š”. Two words in one sentence: ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค for the blocked feeling, ์ฐธ๋‹ค for deciding to endure. โœ…
H. โŒ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์–ด์š” (in spoken casual) โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†จ์–ด์š”
I vented it all. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”. In spoken Korean ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์–ด์š” contracts to ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š”. Both are correct; ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š” is more natural in speech. โœ…
I. ์ด ์ผ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ผ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”. ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์š”.
I didn't know things would get this tangled. It's really stifling. ๐Ÿงถ๐Ÿ˜ค
Answer
๊ผฌ์ผ / ๋‹ต๋‹ต โ†’ ๊ผฌ์ผ ์ค„ ๋ชฐ๋ž์–ด์š”. ์ •๋ง ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•ด์š”. Two different words: ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค for the situation unravelling, ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค for the feeling it produces. โœ…
J. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ํ˜ผ์ž ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์ €ํ•œํ…Œ ๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š”.
Don't hold it in alone any longer โ€” get everything off your chest to me. ๐Ÿซ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
์ฐธ / ํ„ธ์–ด โ†’ ์ฐธ์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ , ๋‹ค ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š”. ์ฐธ์ง€ ๋ง๋‹ค = don't hold it in; ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์œผ์„ธ์š” = please vent (formal polite). The perfect pair. โœ…
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box โ€” Pitfall Recap
  • โŒ ์งœ์ฆํ•ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜์š” (์งœ์ฆ is a noun, verb is ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค)
  • โŒ ๊ผฌ์•˜์–ด์š” โ†’ โœ… ๊ผฌ์˜€์–ด์š” (๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค is passive)
  • โŒ ์งœ์ฆ์„ ์ฐธ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ฐธ๋‹ค (์ฐธ๋‹ค pairs with ํ™”)
  • โŒ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค for sounds โ†’ โœ… ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค for sensory irritation
  • โœ… ํ„ธ์–ด๋†จ์–ด์š” = natural spoken form of ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“์•˜์–ด์š”
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Today's five words cover the full arc: ๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค (situation) โ†’ ๋‹ต๋‹ตํ•˜๋‹ค / ์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜๋‹ค (feeling) โ†’ ์ฐธ๋‹ค (suppress) โ†’ ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค (release). That's the whole emotional story. ๐ŸŽญ
๐ŸŽ‰ You made it through the whole frustration workout! ๐Ÿ˜คโžก๏ธ๐Ÿ˜Œ Now you can express the stuck feeling (๋‹ต๋‹ต), the snappy irritation (์งœ์ฆ), the tangled situation (๊ผฌ์ด๋‹ค), the moment of holding on (์ฐธ๋‹ค), and the relief of finally letting it all out (ํ„ธ์–ด๋†“๋‹ค). ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๊ฐ์ •์„ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”! โœจ