๐Ÿ

Upon completing: -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—

Keywords
๋์—
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Grammar
๐Ÿ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— means โ€œafter finally doingโ€ฆโ€, โ€œat the end ofโ€ฆโ€, or โ€œafter much effort/timeโ€ฆโ€
  • It highlights that the result came after a long process, struggle, repeated effort, thinking, searching, or waiting.
  • Basic shape: V-(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— + final result.
Example: ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. = After thinking about it for a long time, I finally decided.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and compare ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” [gyeol-jeong-hae-sseo-yo] with ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” [go-min-han kkeu-te gyeol-jeong-hae-sseo-yo]. The second one tells a mini story: there was a process before the final result. ๐Ÿ
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

๋ means end. So -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— literally points to something happening at the end of an action/process.
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But in real Korean, it often means more than simple โ€œafter.โ€ It usually suggests:
  • after effort
  • after a long time
  • after thinking carefully
  • after searching
  • after struggling
  • after repeated attempts
  • finally, after going through something
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Example:
  • ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [yeo-reo beon si-do-han kkeu-te seong-gong-hae-sseo-yo]
      After many attempts, I finally succeeded. ๐ŸŽ‰
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Tiny meaning map:
  • ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š” = I tried and succeeded.
  • ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š” = As a result of trying, I succeeded.
  • ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š” = After many attempts, I finally succeeded.
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๐Ÿง  Core Meaning

1. Effort โ†’ final success/result

  • ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์— ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [o-raet-dong-an no-ryeo-kan kkeu-te mok-pyo-reul dal-seong-hae-sseo-yo]
      After working hard for a long time, I finally achieved my goal. ๐ŸŽฏ
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  • ๊ณ„์† ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ๋์— ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
    • [gye-sok yeon-seu-pan kkeu-te ba-reu-mi jo-a-jyeo-sseo-yo]
      After practicing continuously, my pronunciation finally improved. ๐ŸŽง
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2. Thinking/considering โ†’ decision

  • ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [ma-ni go-min-han kkeu-te i-sa-reul ga-gi-ro hae-sseo-yo]
      After thinking about it a lot, I decided to move. ๐Ÿ“ฆ
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  • ํšŒ์˜ ๋์— ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์› ์–ด์š”.
    • [hoe-ui kkeu-te sae-ro-un gye-hoe-geul se-wo-sseo-yo]
      At the end of the meeting / after the meeting, we made a new plan. ๐Ÿ“
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3. Searching/investigating โ†’ discovery

  • ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐพ์€ ๋์— ์ข‹์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [o-raet-dong-an cha-jeun kkeu-te jo-eun ja-ryo-reul bal-gyeon-hae-sseo-yo]
      After searching for a long time, I finally found good materials. ๐Ÿ”
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  • ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•œ ๋์— ์›์ธ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [jo-sa-han kkeu-te wo-ni-neul a-ra-nae-sseo-yo]
      After investigating, I found out the cause. ๐Ÿงช
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๐ŸŽจ Formation Rules

Action verb stem + -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—

Use the completed modifier because the result comes after the action/process.
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  • Consonant stem + ์€ ๋์—
  • Vowel stem + ใ„ด ๋์—
  • ใ„น-stem drops ใ„น + ใ„ด ๋์—
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Examples:
  • ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— = after thinking/agonizing over it
  • ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์— = after making effort
  • ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์— = after trying
  • ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฐพ์€ ๋์— = after searching/finding
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋“ค์€ ๋์— = after listening/hearing
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฐ ๋์— = after living
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Noun + ๋์—

Some nouns can attach directly to ๋์—.
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  • ํšŒ์˜ ๋์— = at the end of the meeting / after the meeting
  • ํ† ๋ก  ๋์— = after discussion
  • ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ๋์— = after much thought
  • ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋์— = after effort
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โš ๏ธ
Shape check: For verbs, use -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—, not -๋Š” ๋์—, when you mean โ€œafter finally doing / at the end of doing.โ€
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๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Common Sentence Frames

Frame 1: ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ V-(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค

  • ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋์— ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [o-raet-dong-an jun-bi-han kkeu-te si-heo-me hap-gyeo-kae-sseo-yo]
      After preparing for a long time, I passed the exam. โœ…
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Frame 2: ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค

  • ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [ma-ni go-min-han kkeu-te hoe-sa-reul om-gi-gi-ro hae-sseo-yo]
      After thinking about it a lot, I decided to change companies. ๐Ÿข
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Frame 3: ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์— ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค

  • ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์— ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [kku-ju-ni no-ryeo-kan kkeu-te mok-pyo-reul dal-seong-hae-sseo-yo]
      After steady effort, I achieved my goal. ๐ŸŽฏ
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Frame 4: ์ฐพ์€ ๋์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋‹ค

  • ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์„ ์ฐพ์€ ๋์— ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์นดํŽ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [yeo-reo go-seul cha-jeun kkeu-te jo-yong-han ka-pe-reul bal-gyeon-hae-sseo-yo]
      After searching in several places, I found a quiet cafรฉ. โ˜•
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๐Ÿ” -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— vs -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

-(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

Report-like: completed action โ†’ result/finding.
  • ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์–ด์š”.
    • As a result of analysis, the cause was revealed. ๐Ÿ“Š
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-(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—

Story-like: effort/process โ†’ final result.
  • ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋์— ์›์ธ์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
    • After analyzing for a long time, we finally found the cause. ๐Ÿ
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Shortcut:
  • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ = objective result/outcome
  • ๋์— = final result after effort/time/process
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๐Ÿ” -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— vs -๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ

-๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ

Simple sequence: after doing A, B.
  • ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์žค์–ด์š”.
    • After doing homework, I slept. ๐Ÿ˜ด
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-(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—

Final result after a meaningful process.
  • ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋์— ๋“œ๋””์–ด ๋๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
    • After doing homework for a long time, I finally finished it. ๐Ÿ“
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Shortcut:
  • -๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ = simple โ€œafterโ€
  • -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— = finally after effort/process
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๐Ÿ” -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— vs -๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ

-๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ

Focuses on what happens during the process.
  • ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
    • A problem came up during the preparation process. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
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-(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—

Focuses on the final result after the process.
  • ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋์— ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์–ด์š”.
    • After preparing for a long time, I finally finished the presentation. ๐ŸŽค
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๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

This lesson connects directly with
๐Ÿ“Š
As a result: -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
and
๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
The process of: -๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
. Use ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ for what happens inside the process, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ for the outcome, and ๋์— for the final point after effort, time, or struggle.
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๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— = after finally doing; at the end of effort/process ๐Ÿ
  • ๊ณ ๋ฏผ ๋์— = after much thought
  • ๋…ธ๋ ฅ ๋์— = after effort
  • -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ = as a result of doing; report-like outcome
  • -๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ = after doing; simple sequence
  • -๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ = in the process of doing
  • ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ = eventually / in the end
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โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋์— โ†’ โœ… ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
  • โŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋์— โ†’ โœ… ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์—
  • โŒ Using it for tiny routine sequences.
    • โœ… ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด์š”. = I drank coffee after eating.
  • โš ๏ธ -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— usually wants a meaningful process before it. Words like ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ, ๋งŽ์ด, and ๋“œ๋””์–ด often fit naturally.
  • โš ๏ธ It can sound more written, reflective, or story-like than everyday -๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ.
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๐ŸŽ‰ Completion grammar unlocked. With -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—, you can show that a result was not instant โ€” it came after effort, thinking, searching, waiting, or persistence. ๐Ÿโœจ
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Try this exercise
Instructions: Complete each sentence with the correct -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์— form.
1. ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋งŽ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๐Ÿค”
Answer
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— โ€” After thinking about it a lot, I decided.
2. ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๐ŸŽ‰
Answer
๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์—
3. ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์—
4. ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ข‹์€ ์ง‘์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
์ฐพ์€ ๋์—
5. ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์–ด์š”. ๐ŸŽค
Answer
์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋์—
6. ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”. ๐ŸŽง
Answer
์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ๋์—
7. Fix it: โŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋์— โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
8. Choose the better simple sequence:
โ‘  ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์€ ๋์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘  โ€” a routine sequence needs -๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ, not -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—.
9. ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ† ๋ก ํ•œ ๋์—
10. ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•œ์ฐธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์™”์–ด์š”. ๐ŸšŒ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋์—
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค [go-min-ha-da] โ†’ to think hard / agonize
  • ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค [no-ryeok-ha-da] โ†’ to make effort
  • ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค [si-do-ha-da] โ†’ to try/attempt
  • ์ฐพ๋‹ค [chat-da] โ†’ to search/find
  • ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค [jun-bi-ha-da] โ†’ to prepare
  • ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋‹ค [yeon-seup-ha-da] โ†’ to practice
  • ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋‹ค [to-ron-ha-da] โ†’ to discuss/debate
  • ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค [gi-da-ri-da] โ†’ to wait
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค [gyeol-lo-neul nae-da] โ†’ to reach a conclusion
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Look for effort/time words: ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ, ๋งŽ์ด, ํ•œ์ฐธ.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Keep scrolling to the Practice Hub when youโ€™re ready!
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Upon completing: -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—
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This Practice Hub trains final results after effort, searching, thinking, discussion, and waiting. Each exercise has 10 questions, Aโ€“J. ๐Ÿ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear each completed sentence aloud.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Build the Form ๐Ÿงฑ

A. ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
B. ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์—
C. ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์—
D. ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋์—
E. ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ๋์—
F. ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ฐพ์€ ๋์—
G. ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋“ค์€ ๋์—
H. ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์‚ฐ ๋์—
I. ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋์—
J. ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ† ๋ก ํ•œ ๋์—
๐Ÿงฑ
Formation Reminder
  • Consonant stem + ์€ ๋์—
  • Vowel stem + ใ„ด ๋์—
  • ใ„น-stem drops ใ„น + ใ„ด ๋์—
ย 
์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฐพ์€ ๋์—
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฐ ๋์—
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Effort and Achievement ๐ŸŒฑ

A. ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์—
B. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์—
C. ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์—ฐ์Šตํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ๋์—
D. ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‹œํ—˜์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋์—
E. ๋ฐค์ƒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
F. ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”.
Use: ์ฐพ๋‹ค
Answer
์ฐพ์€ ๋์—
G. ํ•œ์ฐธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์™”์–ด์š”.
Use: ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค
Answer
๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋์—
H. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ๋“ฃ๋‹ค
Answer
๋“ค์€ ๋์—
I. ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ทธ ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์‚ด๋‹ค
Answer
์‚ฐ ๋์—
J. ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
ํ† ๋ก ํ•œ ๋์—
๐ŸŒฑ
Result words
  • ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to succeed
  • ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to achieve
  • ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to pass
  • ์ข‹์•„์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to improve/become better
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reach a conclusion
  • ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to agree/reach agreement
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Decisions After Thought ๐Ÿค”

A. ๋งŽ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์œ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
B. ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋์—
C. ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ด์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์ƒ๋‹ดํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
์ƒ๋‹ดํ•œ ๋์—
D. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณจ๋ž์–ด์š”.
Use: ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
๋น„๊ตํ•œ ๋์—
E. ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ์–ด์š”.
Use: ๋ง์„ค์ด๋‹ค
Answer
๋ง์„ค์ธ ๋์—
F. ํŒ€์›๋“ค๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ์–ด์š”.
Use: ํšŒ์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
ํšŒ์˜ํ•œ ๋์—
G. ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ƒˆ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๋์—
H. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋“œ๋””์–ด ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ ๋์—
I. ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•œ ๋์—
J. ํ˜ผ์ž ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Use: ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋‹ค
Answer
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
๐Ÿค”
Decision words
  • ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to decide
  • ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to decide/fix
  • ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to choose
  • ๋งˆ์Œ์„ ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to make up oneโ€™s mind
  • -๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to decide to do
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Choose the Best Connector ๐Ÿ”

A. I drank coffee after eating.
โ‘  ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋ฐฅ์„ ๋จน์€ ๋์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘  โ€” simple sequence.
B. After many attempts, I finally succeeded.
โ‘  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
C. As a result of analysis, the cause was revealed.
โ‘  ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋ถ„์„ํ•œ ๋์— ์›์ธ์ด ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์–ด์š”.
Answer
Both can work, but โ‘  is more objective/report-like.
D. After long effort, I achieved the goal.
โ‘  ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์— ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์— ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
E. A problem came up during preparation.
โ‘  ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ์ค€๋น„ํ•œ ๋์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘  โ€” the problem happened during the process.
F. After much thought, I decided.
โ‘  ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋งŽ์ด ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด์—์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
G. I found an error while reviewing the file.
โ‘  ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์˜ค๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ํŒŒ์ผ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๋์— ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…จ์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
H. After a long search, I found a quiet cafรฉ.
โ‘  ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์ฐพ์€ ๋์— ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์นดํŽ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ์ฐพ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ์นดํŽ˜์˜€์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
I. During the semester, I studied Korean.
โ‘  ํ•™๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ํ•™๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•œ ๋์— ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด์˜€์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
J. After long discussion, we reached a conclusion.
Answer
์˜ค๋ž˜ ํ† ๋ก ํ•œ ๋์— ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”.
๐Ÿ”
Decision Box
  • Simple after โ†’ -๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
  • During the process โ†’ -๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
  • Objective result โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
  • Finally after effort/time โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—
  • Time period โ†’ ๋™์•ˆ
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•˜๋Š” ๋์— โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์—
B. โŒ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค ๋์— โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์—
C. โŒ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋์— โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ฐพ์€ ๋์—
D. โŒ ์‚ด์€ ๋์— โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์‚ฐ ๋์—
E. Better for โ€œafter brushing my teeth, I sleptโ€:
โ‘  ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฆ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์žค์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ์ด๋ฅผ ๋‹ฆ์€ ๋์— ์žค์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
F. Better for โ€œafter years of effort, I succeededโ€:
โ‘  ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
โ‘ 
G. Translate: ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
After thinking about it for a long time, I finally decided.
H. Translate: ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์— ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
Answer
After many attempts, I finally succeeded.
I. Best use of -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—:
Answer
When a final result comes after effort, time, searching, discussion, or repeated attempts.
J. Create one sentence with -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—.
Answer
Sample: ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์—ฐ์Šตํ•œ ๋์— ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”. โ€” After practicing for a long time, I finally became able to speak naturally.
๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Final Check
  • ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ•œ ๋์— = after much thought
  • ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ๋์— = after effort
  • ์‹œ๋„ํ•œ ๋์— = after trying
  • ์ฐพ์€ ๋์— = after searching
  • ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฐ ๋์— = after waiting
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋์— often feels like โ€œfinally, at the end of all that.โ€
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Youโ€™ve finished -(์œผ)ใ„ด ๋์—. Now you can express the satisfying final result after effort, thought, patience, and persistence. ๐Ÿโœจ