๐Ÿงบ

The Sustainability of Social Welfare

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ / ์žฌ์ • / ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ / ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงบ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means the long-term sustainability of social welfare โ€” whether a welfare system can keep supporting people without collapsing under financial or administrative pressure.
  • ๐Ÿ’ฐ The key vocabulary cluster is ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด, ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด, ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ, and ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง.
  • โš–๏ธ Advanced Korean sounds strongest when you explain the balance: support vulnerable groups, reduce waste, secure funding, and keep the system fair for current and future generations.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Policy vocabulary can feel like a very official stack of paperwork. If a phrase feels dense, open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and type any Korean word or sentence into the widget to hear it read aloud. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€ means social welfare: public systems that protect peopleโ€™s basic living conditions through healthcare, pensions, childcare, housing support, disability services, unemployment benefits, elder care, and other social supports. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means sustainability โ€” whether something can continue over time. ๐Ÿงบ
So ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ asks a very practical question: Can society keep helping people who need support, not just today, but ten, twenty, or thirty years from now? That question becomes urgent when populations age, tax revenue slows, medical costs rise, or welfare programs become too complex to manage efficiently. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
A strong advanced Korean answer does not simply say โ€œincrease welfareโ€ or โ€œcut welfare.โ€ It explains how welfare can remain financially stable, socially fair, and administratively efficient. In other words: donโ€™t let the safety net become a hammock with broken strings. ๐Ÿชข

๐ŸŽจ The Core Social Welfare Sustainability Family

  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ social welfare. A broad term for public systems that support peopleโ€™s living conditions and reduce social risk. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability. In this lesson, it means the ability of a welfare system to continue over the long term. ๐ŸŒฑ
  • ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ fiscal burden / financial burden. The pressure created by welfare spending on public finances. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
  • ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด โ†’ securing funding. Finding stable financial resources for welfare programs. ๐Ÿงพ
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ beneficiary group / eligible recipients. The people or groups who receive welfare support. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿฆฝ
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ welfare blind spot. People who need support but are not covered by the system. ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ efficiency. Whether resources are used with minimal waste and meaningful impact. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity / fairness in distribution. Whether support and burdens are distributed fairly according to need and circumstances. โš–๏ธ
  • ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ universal welfare. Support provided broadly to everyone or nearly everyone. ๐ŸŒ
  • ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ selective welfare / targeted welfare. Support concentrated on people who meet income, age, disability, care, or other eligibility conditions. ๐ŸŽฏ
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ†’ social safety net. A protective system that helps people avoid severe hardship when facing unemployment, illness, aging, poverty, or crisis. ๐Ÿชข

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ธˆ๊ณผ ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ ์ง€์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
    • โ€œAs population aging deepens, the fiscal burden from pension and medical spending may grow.โ€ ๐Ÿ‘ต
      ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” = population aging, ์—ฐ๊ธˆ = pension, ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ = medical expenses, ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด = fiscal burden.
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
    • โ€œTo improve the sustainability of the welfare system, stable funding must be secured.โ€ ๐Ÿงพ
      ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„ = welfare system, ๋†’์ด๋‹ค = to raise/improve, ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be necessary.
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ขํžˆ๋ฉด ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
    • โ€œIf the beneficiary group is narrowed too much, welfare blind spots may appear.โ€ ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ
      ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ = excessively, ์ขํžˆ๋‹ค = to narrow, ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋‹ค = to arise.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This lesson is vocabulary-based, so the โ€œformationโ€ pattern is mostly noun stacking + formal verb pairings:
  • ๋ณต์ง€ + ์ œ๋„ โ†’ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„ (welfare system)
  • ๋ณต์ง€ + ์ง€์ถœ โ†’ ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ (welfare spending)
  • ์žฌ์ • + ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด (fiscal burden)
  • ์žฌ์› + ํ™•๋ณด โ†’ ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด (securing funding)
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ + ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ (beneficiary group)
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ + ์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ†’ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง (social safety net)
Common verb pairings:
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to improve sustainability
  • ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce fiscal burden
  • ์žฌ์›์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure funding
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to expand the beneficiary group
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to resolve welfare blind spots
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to improve efficiency
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider equity

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The vocabulary and collocations in this lesson were cross-checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources at korean.go.kr, including public terminology examples involving ๋ณต์ง€, ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ์žฌ์ • ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ, ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ, and related policy vocabulary. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€ / ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ social welfare / welfare. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€ sounds more formal and institutional; ๋ณต์ง€ is shorter and very common. ๐Ÿงบ
  • ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด / ์žฌ์› ๋งˆ๋ จ / ์žฌ์› ์กฐ๋‹ฌ โ†’ all mean securing funding. ์žฌ์› ์กฐ๋‹ฌ sounds slightly more technical or administrative. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ / ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ beneficiary group / support target group. ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ emphasizes receiving benefits; ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ emphasizes being selected for support. ๐ŸŽฏ
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ / ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ†’ equity / fairness. ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ focuses on fair distribution by circumstance; ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ is broader fairness or justice. โš–๏ธ
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ / ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ โ†’ efficiency / effectiveness. ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ asks whether resources are used well; ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ asks whether the policy achieves its goal. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ = only environmental sustainability โ†’ โœ… It can also describe welfare, finance, education, business, and institutions. ๐ŸŒฑ
  • โŒ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž = victim โ†’ โœ… ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž means beneficiary; ํ”ผํ•ด์ž means victim. ๐Ÿšฆ
  • โŒ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ and ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ are the same โ†’ โœ… efficiency concerns resource use; equity concerns fair distribution. โš–๏ธ
  • โŒ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ is always better than ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ โœ… each has trade-offs; universal welfare can reduce stigma, while selective welfare can focus resources. ๐Ÿงญ
  • โŒ ์žฌ์› means โ€œtalented personโ€ in budget sentences โ†’ โœ… in policy contexts, ์žฌ์› means funding source or financial resources. ๐Ÿ’ธ
You now have the vocabulary to discuss welfare like a policy analyst with a warm heart and a tidy spreadsheet. The safety net has been inspected, patched, and given a tiny clipboard. ๐Ÿงบ๐Ÿ“‹
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Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best social-welfare sustainability term. Read the full Korean sentence, check the English meaning, then open the Answer toggle for the nuance. ๐Ÿงบ
1. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
To maintain a welfare system for a long time, sustainability must be considered. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€์† โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means sustainability.
2. ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€์ถœ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ์žฌ์ • ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
As population aging progresses, the fiscal burden from pension spending may grow. ๐Ÿ‘ต
Answer
๋ถ€๋‹ด โ€” ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด means fiscal burden.
3. ์ƒˆ ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ์—…์—๋Š” ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
A new welfare program needs stable funding. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์žฌ์› โ€” ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด means securing funding.
4. ๋ณต์ง€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
The people or groups receiving welfare benefits are called the beneficiary group. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
๋Œ€์ƒ โ€” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ means beneficiary group.
5. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚จ์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณต์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ์š”.
When people in need remain outside the system, welfare blind spots appear. ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ
Answer
์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ€” ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ means an uncovered welfare blind spot.
6. ์ค‘๋ณต ์ง€์›์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Reducing duplicate support can improve policy efficiency. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ€” This concerns using limited resources well.
7. ์ง€์›์ด ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
Whether support is distributed fairly is an issue of equity. โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” This focuses on fair distribution.
8. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
A method provided broadly to all citizens is universal welfare. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋ณดํŽธ์  โ€” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ is broad, universal support.
9. ์†Œ๋“์ด๋‚˜ ํ•„์š”์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
A method that selects recipients by income or need is selective welfare. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์„ ๋ณ„์  โ€” ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€ is targeted support.
10. ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด์—์š”.
A system that protects people during crises is a social safety net. ๐Ÿชข
Answer
์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง means social safety net.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
  • ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ fiscal burden
  • ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด โ†’ securing funding
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ beneficiary group
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ welfare blind spot
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ efficiency
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity/fairness
  • ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ universal welfare
  • ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ selective welfare
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ†’ social safety net
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ asks if resources are used well.
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ asks if distribution is fair.
  • ์žฌ์› asks where the money comes from.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Head into the Practice Hub below when you're ready to balance budgets, fairness, and safety nets like a calm policy wizard. ๐Ÿง™
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Sustainability of Social Welfare
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Welcome to your ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ practice zone. ๐Ÿงบ Here youโ€™ll train the vocabulary for fiscal burden, funding, beneficiary groups, welfare blind spots, efficiency, equity, and long-term social safety nets โ€” the whole policy gym, minus the fluorescent lighting. ๐Ÿ’ก
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence read aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean term or phrase. Focus on whether the sentence is about funding, fairness, efficiency, coverage, or long-term sustainability, then check the Answer toggle.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Sustainability and Fiscal Pressure ๐ŸŒฑ

A. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ธ ์žฌ์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
Stable funding is needed for the long-term sustainability of the welfare system. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” This asks whether the system can continue over time.
B. ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If medical expenses grow quickly, the governmentโ€™s fiscal burden may increase. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์žฌ์ • โ€” ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด is pressure on public finances.
C. ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Population aging may weaken the sustainability of the pension system. ๐Ÿ‘ต
Answer
์ง€์† โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ is often used for pensions and welfare systems.
D. ์„ธ์ž…์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๋ฉด ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์„ ๊ฐ๋‹นํ•  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด์ ธ์š”.
If public revenue decreases, funding to handle welfare spending becomes insufficient. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์žฌ์› โ€” ์žฌ์› means financial resources or funding.
E. ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์š”์–‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋ฉด ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ • ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If long-term care services expand, the fiscal burden on local governments may also grow. ๐Ÿง“
Answer
๋ถ€๋‹ด โ€” ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด can apply to central or local governments.
F. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์žฌ์ • ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
To maintain the welfare system for a long time, fiscal soundness and sustainability must be considered together. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์ง€์† โ€” This pairs naturally with ์žฌ์ • ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ.
G. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ๋ด„ ์ •์ฑ…์—๋Š” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
A new care policy needs a concrete plan for securing funding. ๐Ÿ‘ถ
Answer
์žฌ์› โ€” ์žฌ์› ํ™•๋ณด ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ means a plan to secure funding.
H. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ง€์ถœ์ด ๊ณ„์† ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If welfare spending keeps increasing, the burden on future generations may grow. ๐Ÿ‘ถ
Answer
๋ถ€๋‹ด โ€” This is a common phrase in sustainability debates.
I. ์ •์ฑ…์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
When designing policy, not only short-term effects but also long-term sustainability must be evaluated. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” Long-term evaluation points to sustainability.
J. ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋‚ญ๋น„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
To reduce fiscal burden, budget waste must be reduced. ๐Ÿงน
Answer
์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ โ€” ์ค„์ด๋‹ค means to reduce; here it pairs with budget waste.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„ โ†’ welfare system
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ long-term sustainability
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ๋น„ โ†’ medical expenses
  • ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ fiscal burden
  • ๊ณ ๋ นํ™” โ†’ population aging
  • ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์ œ๋„ โ†’ pension system
  • ์„ธ์ž… โ†’ public revenue
  • ์žฌ์› โ†’ funding source, financial resources
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์š”์–‘ ์„œ๋น„์Šค โ†’ long-term care service
  • ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€ โ†’ local government
  • ์žฌ์ • ๊ฑด์ „์„ฑ โ†’ fiscal soundness
  • ๋Œ๋ด„ ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ care policy
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€ โ†’ future generations
  • ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋‚ญ๋น„ โ†’ budget waste
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Sustainability sentences often connect ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด, ์žฌ์›, and ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์„ธ๋Œ€.

Exercise 2 โ€” Beneficiaries and Welfare Coverage ๐ŸŽฏ

A. ์ง€์›์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์ฐพ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
To accurately find people who need support, the beneficiary group must be clearly defined. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
์ˆ˜ํ˜œ โ€” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ means the group receiving benefits.
B. ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If application procedures are too complex, welfare blind spots may appear. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ€” People who need help may fall outside the system.
C. ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต์€ ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์›์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Low-income groups can be a major beneficiary group for housing support. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
์ˆ˜ํ˜œ โ€” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ is appropriate for recipients of benefits.
D. ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If the system is too strict, people who are actually struggling may be excluded from support. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
์ง€์› โ€” ์ง€์›์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜๋‹ค means to be excluded from support.
E. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Welfare policy should be designed so benefits are distributed to people who need them. ๐Ÿ“ฆ
Answer
๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ€” ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋‹ค means to be distributed.
F. ๋Œ๋ด„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋…ธ์ธ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์š”์–‘ ์ œ๋„์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ž์˜ˆ์š”.
Older adults who need care are important beneficiaries of the long-term care system. ๐Ÿง“
Answer
์ˆ˜ํ˜œ โ€” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž means beneficiary, not victim.
G. ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ž…์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
A person who suffers harm is called a victim, not a beneficiary. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
ํ”ผํ•ด โ€” ํ”ผํ•ด์ž means victim; donโ€™t confuse it with ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž.
H. ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ํ˜„์žฅ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
To reduce welfare blind spots, field information and eligibility criteria must be reviewed together. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์„ ์ • โ€” ์„ ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ means selection criteria.
I. ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋„“์œผ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If the support target group is too broad, the budget burden may grow. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
Review: ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ means support target group; it is close to ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ.
J. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋น ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ์ œ๋„ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
System accessibility must be improved so people in need are not left out. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ฐœ์„  โ€” ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค means to improve accessibility.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ beneficiary group
  • ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ application procedure
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ welfare blind spot
  • ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต โ†’ low-income group
  • ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ ์ง€์› โ†’ housing support
  • ์ง€์›์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be excluded from support
  • ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be distributed
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž โ†’ beneficiary
  • ํ”ผํ•ด์ž โ†’ victim
  • ์„ ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ selection criteria
  • ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ support target group
  • ์ œ๋„ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ system accessibility
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž receives a benefit; ํ”ผํ•ด์ž suffers harm. One tiny syllable, very different situation.

Exercise 3 โ€” Efficiency, Equity, and Fair Distribution โš–๏ธ

A. ์ค‘๋ณต ์ง€์›์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Reducing duplicate support can improve the efficiency of the welfare system. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ€” This is about using limited resources well.
B. ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€์›์ด ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
Whether support goes fairly to people in need is an issue of equity. โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” This concerns fair distribution.
C. ํ–‰์ • ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด ์ •์ฑ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์š”.
If administrative costs are too high, policy efficiency decreases. ๐Ÿ—ƒ๏ธ
Answer
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ€” High administrative costs can reduce efficiency.
D. ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
If access to medical services differs by region, an equity controversy may arise. ๐Ÿš‘
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” Unequal access is a fairness problem.
E. ๊ฐ™์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์œผ๋กœ ๋” ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ผ์š”.
Producing a greater effect with the same budget is related to efficiency. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ€” Same resources, better outcome = efficiency.
F. ์žฅ์• ์ธ๊ณผ ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์ ธ์š”.
If access opportunities differ greatly between disabled and non-disabled people, equity weakens. โ™ฟ
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰ โ€” Completed form: ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ.
G. ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์šด์šฉ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†’์—ฌ์š”.
Removing low-performing programs improves the efficiency of budget management. ๐Ÿงน
Answer
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ€” This reduces waste and improves resource use.
H. ๋ณต์ง€ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Welfare policy must consider not only cost reduction but also equity. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” Saving money alone does not guarantee fairness.
I. ์„ ์ • ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ถˆ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง€์› ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ ธ์š”.
If selection criteria are unclear, fairness in support distribution decreases. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
๊ณต์ • โ€” Completed form: ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ, broad fairness.
J. ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋ผ์š”.
Whether policy effects appear according to the goal is related to effectiveness. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
ํšจ๊ณผ โ€” ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ asks whether the policy achieves its goal.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ค‘๋ณต ์ง€์› โ†’ duplicate support
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ efficiency
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity/fairness in distribution
  • ํ–‰์ • ๋น„์šฉ โ†’ administrative cost
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ access to medical services
  • ์ง€์—ญ โ†’ region
  • ์žฅ์• ์ธ โ†’ disabled person
  • ๋น„์žฅ์• ์ธ โ†’ non-disabled person
  • ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ์—… โ†’ low-performing program
  • ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์šด์šฉ โ†’ budget management
  • ๋น„์šฉ ์ ˆ๊ฐ โ†’ cost reduction
  • ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ†’ fairness
  • ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ โ†’ effectiveness
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ asks โ€œAre resources used well?โ€ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ asks โ€œIs support distributed fairly?โ€ ํšจ๊ณผ์„ฑ asks โ€œDid the policy work?โ€

Exercise 4 โ€” Universal, Selective, and Safety-Net Design ๐Ÿชข

A. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ณต์ง€์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ์š”.
A method that provides the same basic service to all citizens is close to universal welfare. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋ณดํŽธ์  โ€” ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ is broad and universal.
B. ์†Œ๋“ ๊ธฐ์ค€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ˆ์š”.
A method that focuses on people in need according to income criteria is selective welfare. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์„ ๋ณ„์  โ€” ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€ targets people by criteria.
C. ์‹ค์—…์ด๋‚˜ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌํšŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
A system that protects people during unemployment or illness is called a social safety net. ๐Ÿชข
Answer
์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง protects people from severe hardship.
D. ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‚™์ธ์„ ๋œ ๋А๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Universal welfare has the advantage that beneficiaries feel less stigma. ๐ŸŒค๏ธ
Answer
์žฅ์  โ€” ์žฅ์  means advantage.
E. ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ํ–‰์ • ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Selective welfare may have higher administrative costs because of screening. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
ํ–‰์ • โ€” ํ–‰์ • ๋น„์šฉ means administrative cost.
F. ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๋„“์–ด ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Universal welfare has the limitation that fiscal burden may grow because the target group is broad. ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ€” ํ•œ๊ณ„ means limitation.
G. ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์— ์ž์›์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Selective welfare has the advantage of concentrating resources on vulnerable groups. ๐Ÿงฃ
Answer
์žฅ์  โ€” This is a common argument for targeted welfare.
H. ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ฐฉ์‹๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์กฐํ•ฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
To reduce welfare blind spots, universal and selective methods can be combined. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์„ ๋ณ„์  โ€” Combining both models can make policy design more flexible.
I. ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ด์š”.
The social safety net protects a minimum standard of living during crises. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to protect living conditions.
J. ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ๋„“์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Sustainable welfare must find a balance between broad protection and fiscal burden. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ท ํ˜• โ€” ๊ท ํ˜• means balance.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ universal welfare
  • ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ selective welfare
  • ์†Œ๋“ ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ income criteria
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ†’ social safety net
  • ์‹ค์—… โ†’ unemployment
  • ์งˆ๋ณ‘ โ†’ illness
  • ๋‚™์ธ โ†’ stigma
  • ์žฅ์  โ†’ advantage
  • ํ–‰์ • ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ โ†’ administrative screening
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limitation
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable group
  • ์กฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to combine
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to protect
  • ๊ท ํ˜• โ†’ balance
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Advanced answers compare policy models by benefit, cost, coverage, and fairness.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—๋งŒ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์š”. โœ… ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์—๋„ ์“ฐ์—ฌ์š”.
Wrong: โ€œSustainability is only used for the environment.โ€ Right: โ€œIt is also used for welfare systems.โ€ ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€์† โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ can describe institutions, finance, welfare, and more.
B. โŒ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด์ž์˜ˆ์š”. โœ… ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ž์˜ˆ์š”.
Wrong: โ€œA beneficiary is a victim.โ€ Right: โ€œA person who receives benefits is a beneficiary.โ€ ๐ŸŽ
Answer
์ˆ˜ํ˜œ โ€” ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž receives benefits; ํ”ผํ•ด์ž suffers harm.
C. โŒ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. โœ… ์ž์› ์‚ฌ์šฉ์€ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด์—์š”.
Wrong: โ€œEfficiency and equity are the same.โ€ Right: โ€œResource use is efficiency; fair distribution is equity.โ€ โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” This is the fairness side of policy evaluation.
D. โŒ ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•ด์š”. โœ… ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ์žฌ์ • ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Wrong: โ€œUniversal welfare is always perfect.โ€ Right: โ€œUniversal welfare can increase fiscal burden.โ€ ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋ถ€๋‹ด โ€” Broad coverage can require more spending.
E. โŒ ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋‚˜๋น ์š”. โœ… ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์— ์ž์›์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
Wrong: โ€œSelective welfare is always bad.โ€ Right: โ€œSelective welfare can concentrate resources on vulnerable groups.โ€ ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์ง‘์ค‘ โ€” ์ž์›์„ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to focus resources.
F. โŒ ์žฌ์›์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์žฌ๋Šฅ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—์š”. โœ… ๋ณต์ง€ ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์žฌ์›์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋œปํ•ด์š”.
Wrong: โ€œ์žฌ์› always means a talented person.โ€ Right: โ€œIn welfare contexts, it means funding.โ€ ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์ž๊ธˆ โ€” In policy contexts, ์žฌ์› means funds or financial resources.
G. โŒ ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ณต์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์ด์—์š”. โœ… ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ง€์›์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์—์š”.
Wrong: โ€œA welfare blind spot is where there is too much welfare.โ€ Right: โ€œIt is an area excluded from needed support.โ€ ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ
Answer
์ œ์™ธ โ€” ์ง€์›์—์„œ ์ œ์™ธ๋˜๋‹ค means to be left out of support.
H. โŒ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๋งŒ ๋†’์ด๋ฉด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•ด์š”. โœ… ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Wrong: โ€œIt is enough to improve efficiency only.โ€ Right: โ€œEfficiency and equity must be considered together.โ€ ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” A policy can be efficient but unfair if support misses people in need.
I. โŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์€ ์šด๋™ ์‹œ์„ค์ด์—์š”. โœ… ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง์€ ์œ„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„์˜ˆ์š”.
Wrong: โ€œA social safety net is an exercise facility.โ€ Right: โ€œIt is a system that protects people during crises.โ€ ๐Ÿชข
Answer
๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to protect.
J. โŒ ๋ณต์ง€ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š” ์ง€์ถœ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ผ์š”. โœ… ์ง€์ถœ, ์žฌ์›, ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ ๋Œ€์ƒ, ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ, ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Wrong: โ€œWelfare discussion only needs to look at spending.โ€ Right: โ€œIt must consider spending, funding, beneficiaries, efficiency, and equity together.โ€ ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ€” Strong welfare analysis balances budget logic with fair distribution.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
  • ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ์ž โ†’ beneficiary
  • ํ”ผํ•ด์ž โ†’ victim
  • ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ efficiency
  • ํ˜•ํ‰์„ฑ โ†’ equity/fairness
  • ๋ณดํŽธ์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ universal welfare
  • ์žฌ์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ fiscal burden
  • ์„ ๋ณ„์  ๋ณต์ง€ โ†’ selective welfare
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable group
  • ์žฌ์› โ†’ funding source
  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ welfare blind spot
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ ์•ˆ์ „๋ง โ†’ social safety net
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final check: sustainable welfare protects people, secures funding, reduces waste, and distributes support fairly.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” you can now discuss ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ณต์ง€์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ with funding logic, fairness vocabulary, and policy-design nuance. Your Korean can now hold a safety net in one hand and a budget sheet in the other without dropping either. ๐Ÿงบ๐Ÿ“Š