๐Ÿงญ

The Right to Self-Determination

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ / ์ž์œจ์„ฑ / ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ / ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿงญ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงญ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ means the right to self-determination โ€” the right to make important choices about oneโ€™s own life, body, identity, community, or future.
  • ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ is autonomy โ€” the ability or condition of making choices according to oneโ€™s own will rather than outside pressure.
  • โœ๏ธ ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ means an independent, self-directed choice โ€” a choice made as an active subject, not as someone merely dragged along by circumstances.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Paste any sentence into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
when you want to hear the rhythm. Abstract rights vocabulary becomes much easier when your ears get a vote too. ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ is one of those compact Korean terms that carries a whole philosophy backpack. ๐ŸŽ’ It combines ์ž๊ธฐ (self), ๊ฒฐ์ • (decision), and ๊ถŒ (right) to mean the right to decide for oneself.
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In advanced Korean, this word appears in discussions of medical ethics, education, disability rights, gender and identity, democracy, privacy, labor, and community politics. The core idea is simple but powerful: people should not be treated only as objects of someone elseโ€™s decision.
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The closest vocabulary neighbors are ์ž์œจ์„ฑ (autonomy), ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ (right), and ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ (self-directed choice). Together, they help you talk about freedom in a precise way โ€” not just โ€œdoing whatever,โ€ but making meaningful choices with information, dignity, and responsibility. ๐Ÿง 

๐ŸŽจ The Core Self-Determination Family

  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ = right to self-determination; the right to decide important matters concerning oneself.
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ = autonomy; the ability or condition of self-governed choice.
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ = right; a socially, legally, or morally recognized entitlement.
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ = self-directed choice; a choice made actively by the person concerned.
  • ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค = to respect; common with rights, autonomy, dignity, and choices.
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to guarantee / ensure; often used with ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ and ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ.
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค = to violate / infringe upon; used when rights or autonomy are harmed.
  • ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค = to limit / restrict; not always negative, but it needs justification.
  • ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = to force / coerce; the opposite of respecting self-directed choice.
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ = responsibility; self-determination often includes responsibility for the choice and its consequences.
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A useful mental map: ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ is the protected space, ์ž์œจ์„ฑ is the ability to move inside it, ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ is the actual step taken, and ์ฑ…์ž„ is the backpack you carry afterward. ๐ŸŽ’

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • A patientโ€™s right to self-determination should be guaranteed on the premise of sufficient explanation. ๐Ÿฅ
      ํ™˜์ž = patient; ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช… = sufficient explanation; ์ „์ œ๋กœ = on the premise of; ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋‹ค = to be guaranteed.
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐฉ์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค.
    • Autonomy is not neglect; it is related to the conditions that allow someone to judge for themselves. ๐Ÿง 
      ๋ฐฉ์ž„ = neglect / leaving alone irresponsibly; ์Šค์Šค๋กœ = by oneself; ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค = to judge; ์กฐ๊ฑด = condition.
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€์˜ ๊ฐ•์š”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
    • A self-directed choice is a decision based on oneโ€™s own values, not external coercion. ๐Ÿงญ
      ์™ธ๋ถ€ = outside / external; ๊ฐ•์š” = coercion; ๊ฐ€์น˜ = value; ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋‹ค = to follow / be based on.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This lesson is vocabulary-centered, so focus on natural rights-and-autonomy collocations:
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to guarantee the right to self-determination
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค = to violate the right to self-determination
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค = to respect autonomy
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค = to restrict a right
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋‹ค = to choose independently / self-directedly
  • ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋‹ค = to take responsibility
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A strong advanced sentence often follows this frame:
๐Ÿง 
[๊ฐœ์ธ/ํ™˜์ž/์‹œ๋ฏผ/ํ•™์ƒ] + [์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ/์ž์œจ์„ฑ/๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ] + [์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค/๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค/์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค/์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค]
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Example: ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์•ˆ์ „์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The school must respect studentsโ€™ autonomy while also taking responsibility for safety. ๐Ÿซ

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The vocabulary, meanings, and collocations in this lesson were cross-checked against Korean usage patterns and dictionary-style meanings available through ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / korean.go.kr. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ = right to self-determination; often legal, ethical, or political.
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ = autonomy; more about capacity, independence, or self-governance.
  • ์ž์œ  = freedom; broader and less specific than ์ž์œจ์„ฑ.
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ = right; the protected claim or entitlement.
  • ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ = right or option to choose; narrower than ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ.
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ = self-directed choice; emphasizes agency.
  • ์ž„์˜์  ์„ ํƒ = arbitrary or optional choice; not the same as meaningful self-directed choice.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ = selfishness โ†’ โœ… It means a protected right to decide matters concerning oneself, often with responsibility.
  • โŒ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ = doing anything without limits โ†’ โœ… Autonomy usually requires information, capacity, and conditions for meaningful choice.
  • โŒ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ and ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ are identical โ†’ โœ… ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ is a choice-option right; ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ is broader.
  • โŒ ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ = random preference โ†’ โœ… It means an active, self-directed decision based on oneโ€™s judgment or values.
  • โŒ Any restriction is automatically illegitimate โ†’ โœ… A restriction may be justified, but it must have a clear basis and avoid excessive infringement.
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Self-determination vocabulary is the art of saying: โ€œYes, choice matters โ€” but so do information, dignity, conditions, and responsibility.โ€ Tiny philosophy compass activated. ๐Ÿงญโœจ
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Try this exercise

Choose the most natural word for each sentence. Read the Korean sentence first, identify whether the focus is right, autonomy, restriction, coercion, or responsibility, then check the Answer toggle. ๐Ÿงญ
1. ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.
A patient has the right to decide the treatment method for themselves. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ€” a protected entitlement; the full idea can also be ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ.
2. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ์—†์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
A choice made without sufficient information is hard to view as true autonomy. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ€” autonomy requires meaningful conditions, not just a formal option.
3. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ํ•จ๋ถ€๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
The state must not carelessly violate an individualโ€™s right to self-determination. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to violate or infringe upon a right.
4. ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์ง„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A studentโ€™s career choice should be made as self-directedly as possible. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
์ฃผ์ฒด์  โ€” active and self-directed, not merely imposed.
5. ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ์กฐ์–ธ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Parentsโ€™ advice is necessary, but they must not force the decision. ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ‘ง
Answer
๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to coerce or force.
6. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Society must practically guarantee the autonomy of people with disabilities. โ™ฟ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to guarantee or ensure.
7. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ–‰์‚ฌํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When exercising a right, one should also consider responsibility for the result. ๐ŸŽ’
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” responsibility connected to choices and consequences.
8. ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When restricting rights for reasons of safety, the standard must be clear. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to limit or restrict.
9. ์–ด๋–ค ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For a choice to be self-directed, the individualโ€™s values must be reflected. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” values that guide a meaningful decision.
10. ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์‹ค์ œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Even if there is an option to choose, autonomy can be weakened if real conditions are insufficient. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = to be weakened.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ™˜์ž โ†’ patient
  • ์น˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• โ†’ treatment method
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ†’ right
  • ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด โ†’ sufficient information
  • ์„ ํƒ โ†’ choice
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ autonomy
  • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ โ†’ state
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ โ†’ individual
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ โ†’ right to self-determination
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to violate
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ student
  • ์ง„๋กœ ์„ ํƒ โ†’ career choice
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์  โ†’ self-directed
  • ๋ถ€๋ชจ โ†’ parents
  • ์กฐ์–ธ โ†’ advice
  • ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to force
  • ์žฅ์• ์ธ โ†’ person with disabilities
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guarantee
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ responsibility
  • ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to restrict
  • ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ value
  • ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be weakened
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก A real choice needs more than a menu; it needs information, conditions, and agency.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Keep going in the Practice Hub and make your autonomy vocabulary delightfully sturdy. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Right to Self-Determination
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Welcome to your self-determination practice zone. ๐Ÿงญ This set helps you use ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ, ์ž์œจ์„ฑ, ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ, and ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ in advanced discussions about ethics, society, law, education, and identity. The goal is not just to memorize words, but to feel the difference between a protected right, meaningful autonomy, and a choice made under pressure. โš–๏ธ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear the sentence flow.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean word or expression. After answering, read the whole sentence aloud and ask: is the sentence about a right, a condition for autonomy, a violation, a restriction, or responsibility?
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Exercise 1 โ€” Rights and Autonomy ๐Ÿงญ

A. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
Important decisions about an individualโ€™s life are connected to the right to self-determination. ๐Ÿง
Answer
๊ฒฐ์ • โ€” ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ = right to self-determination.
B. ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
Autonomy includes the condition of being able to judge for oneself, not simple freedom. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์กฐ๊ฑด โ€” autonomy needs real conditions for judgment.
C. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ •๋œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A right is a socially recognized entitlement. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
์ž๊ฒฉ โ€” entitlement or qualification; here it explains ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ.
D. ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ์€ ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
A self-directed choice is based on oneโ€™s own values rather than outside pressure. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” values that guide choice.
E. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํŠนํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
A patientโ€™s right to self-determination is treated as especially important in medical settings. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค โ€” to be treated or handled as a topic.
F. ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋‹ค.
Citizensโ€™ autonomy is one of the basic values of democracy. ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” value; autonomy can be a democratic value.
G. ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์•ˆ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
The right to choose means the opportunity to select one among several alternatives. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
๊ธฐํšŒ โ€” opportunity; ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ is narrower than broad self-determination.
H. ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค.
The right to self-determination is closely related to an individualโ€™s dignity. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
์กด์—„์„ฑ โ€” dignity; a common ethical neighbor of rights vocabulary.
I. ์•„๋™์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋…ผ์˜๋œ๋‹ค.
Childrenโ€™s rights are discussed in balance between protection and autonomy. ๐Ÿง’
Answer
์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ€” autonomy balanced with protection.
J. ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Self-directed choice should be understood together with responsibility for consequences. ๐ŸŽ’
Answer
์ดํ•ด โ€” ์ดํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค = to be understood.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ โ†’ individual
  • ์‚ถ โ†’ life
  • ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ์ • โ†’ important decision
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ โ†’ right to self-determination
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ autonomy
  • ์ž์œ  โ†’ freedom
  • ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to judge
  • ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ condition
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ†’ right
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ โ†’ socially
  • ์ธ์ •๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be recognized
  • ์ž๊ฒฉ โ†’ entitlement, qualification
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ โ†’ self-directed choice
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ โ†’ outside pressure
  • ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ value
  • ํ™˜์ž โ†’ patient
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ ํ˜„์žฅ โ†’ medical setting
  • ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to be treated, handled
  • ์‹œ๋ฏผ โ†’ citizen
  • ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ โ†’ democracy
  • ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ โ†’ right or option to choose
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ โ†’ alternative
  • ๊ธฐํšŒ โ†’ opportunity
  • ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ dignity
  • ์•„๋™ โ†’ child
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ protection
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ responsibility
  • ์ดํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be understood
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ is the right; ์ž์œจ์„ฑ is the capacity or condition.
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Respect, Guarantee, Violate ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Society should respect an individualโ€™s right to self-determination as much as possible. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค = to respect.
B. ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ์„ ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋‹ค.
Law is a mechanism that institutionally guarantees basic rights. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to guarantee.
C. ๋™์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Disclosure of information without consent can violate privacy. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค = to infringe upon.
D. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Even when restricting some rights for public safety, a basis is needed. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
์ œํ•œ โ€” ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค = to restrict.
E. ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Family expectations can work in a way that pressures an individualโ€™s choice. ๐Ÿ‘ช
Answer
์••๋ฐ• โ€” ์••๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค = to pressure.
F. ๊ฐ•์š”๋œ ๋™์˜๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋™์˜๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Forced consent is hard to be recognized as genuine consent. โœ๏ธ
Answer
์ธ์ • โ€” ์ธ์ •๋˜๋‹ค = to be recognized.
G. ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ์˜ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The school introduced a system that expands studentsโ€™ choice options. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
๋„์ž… โ€” ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค = to introduce.
H. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The government must practically protect the rights of vulnerable groups. ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค = to protect.
I. ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A doctor must provide sufficient information to the patient. ๐Ÿฉบ
Answer
์ œ๊ณต โ€” ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค = to provide.
J. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ œํ•œ์€ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Restriction of rights must not exceed the necessary scope. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๋„˜์–ด โ€” ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋‹ค = to exceed.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ โ†’ society
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ โ†’ individual
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ โ†’ right to self-determination
  • ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respect
  • ๋ฒ• โ†’ law
  • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ โ†’ basic right
  • ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ โ†’ institutionally
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guarantee
  • ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ mechanism
  • ๋™์˜ โ†’ consent
  • ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ โ†’ disclosure of information
  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ โ†’ privacy
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to violate
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ โ†’ public safety
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ†’ right
  • ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to restrict
  • ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ basis
  • ๊ฐ€์กฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ โ†’ family expectations
  • ์„ ํƒ โ†’ choice
  • ์••๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to pressure
  • ๊ฐ•์š”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be forced
  • ์ธ์ •๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be recognized
  • ํ•™๊ต โ†’ school
  • ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ โ†’ option or right to choose
  • ๋„์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to introduce
  • ์ •๋ถ€ โ†’ government
  • ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ โ†’ vulnerable group
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to protect
  • ์˜์‚ฌ โ†’ doctor
  • ํ™˜์ž โ†’ patient
  • ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to provide
  • ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ scope
  • ๋„˜์–ด์„œ๋‹ค โ†’ to exceed
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค protects the right; ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค harms it; ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค narrows it.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Self-Directed Choice โœ๏ธ

A. ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
A self-directed choice is a decision made independently according to oneโ€™s judgment. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์Šค์Šค๋กœ โ€” by oneself; key to agency.
B. ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ์„ ํƒ์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
A choice that only follows othersโ€™ standards is likely to lose agency. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์žƒ โ€” full form: ์žƒ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค; to be likely to lose.
C. ์ง„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ •ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ์™€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When deciding a career path, one should consider oneโ€™s interests and abilities. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค = to consider.
D. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Sufficient explanation is a condition that makes self-directed choice possible. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
์กฐ๊ฑด โ€” condition for meaningful choice.
E. ๊ฐ•์š”๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ž…๋˜๋ฉด ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
If coercion intervenes, the autonomy of the choice is weakened. ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = to be weakened.
F. ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To choose self-directedly, one needs the opportunity to compare several alternatives. ๐Ÿงฎ
Answer
๊ธฐํšŒ โ€” opportunity.
G. ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
The attitude of accepting the result of a choice is connected to responsibility. ๐ŸŽ’
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” responsibility for consequences.
H. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋ฉด ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If an individualโ€™s voice is excluded, there is a risk that self-determination will be violated. ๐Ÿšซ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์นจํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค = to be violated.
I. ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ณ ์ง‘์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ˆ™๊ณ ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A self-directed choice is not mere stubbornness but the result of deliberation. ๐Ÿ•ฏ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ€” result.
J. ์ž์œจ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋“ฃ๋˜ ์ตœ์ข… ํŒ๋‹จ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
An autonomous person listens to advice but makes the final judgment independently. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๋‚ด๋ฆฐ โ€” from ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค, to make a judgment.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ โ†’ self-directed choice
  • ํŒ๋‹จ โ†’ judgment
  • ์Šค์Šค๋กœ โ†’ by oneself
  • ํƒ€์ธ โ†’ another person
  • ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ standard
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์„ฑ โ†’ agency, subjecthood
  • ์žƒ๋‹ค โ†’ to lose
  • ์ง„๋กœ โ†’ career path
  • ํฅ๋ฏธ โ†’ interest
  • ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ†’ ability
  • ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider
  • ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช… โ†’ sufficient explanation
  • ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ condition
  • ๊ฐ•์š” โ†’ coercion
  • ๊ฐœ์ž…๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to intervene
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ autonomy
  • ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be weakened
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ โ†’ alternative
  • ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to compare
  • ๊ธฐํšŒ โ†’ opportunity
  • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ†’ result
  • ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to accept
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ responsibility
  • ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ โ†’ voice
  • ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be excluded
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ โ†’ right to self-determination
  • ์นจํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be violated
  • ๊ณ ์ง‘ โ†’ stubbornness
  • ์ˆ™๊ณ  โ†’ deliberation
  • ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ to make a judgment
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ฃผ์ฒด์  means โ€œas an active subject,โ€ not โ€œwhatever I feel like today.โ€
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Restriction, Responsibility, Conditions โš–๏ธ

A. ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋™์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
During an infectious disease situation, freedom of movement may be temporarily restricted. ๐Ÿฆ 
Answer
์ œํ•œ โ€” ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ค = to be restricted.
B. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ œํ•œ์€ ๊ณต์ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Restriction of rights is not always justified merely by the justification of public interest. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋ช…๋ถ„ โ€” public rationale; it still needs careful justification.
C. ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์„ ํƒ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Autonomy does not completely remove responsibility after a choice. ๐ŸŽ’
Answer
์—†์•  โ€” ์—†์• ๋‹ค = to remove.
D. ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์€ ํ˜•์‹์  ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
Unequal conditions cannot turn formal choice options into real autonomy. โš™๏ธ
Answer
์ „ํ™˜ โ€” ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค = to convert or transform.
E. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด๋‹ค.
Sufficient information is an essential condition for responsible decisions. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
ํ•„์ˆ˜ โ€” essential.
F. ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์น˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
Freedom is guaranteed within the scope of not harming othersโ€™ rights. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋‹ค = to be guaranteed.
G. ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋จผ์ € ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Before holding someone responsible for a choice, one must first examine the conditions of the choice. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to examine.
H. ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ญ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Excessive interference damages an individualโ€™s autonomy. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
ํ›ผ์† โ€” ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค = to damage or undermine.
I. ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Community safety and individual rights should be considered in balance. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋‹ค = to be considered.
J. ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ๋ฌด์ œํ•œ์˜ ์ž์œ ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ „์ œํ•œ๋‹ค.
The right to self-determination presupposes responsible choice, not unlimited freedom. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์„ ํƒ โ€” choice connected to responsibility.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์ƒํ™ฉ โ†’ infectious disease situation
  • ์ด๋™์˜ ์ž์œ  โ†’ freedom of movement
  • ์ผ์‹œ์ ์œผ๋กœ โ†’ temporarily
  • ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be restricted
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ œํ•œ โ†’ restriction of rights
  • ๊ณต์ต โ†’ public interest
  • ๋ช…๋ถ„ โ†’ justification
  • ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be justified
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ autonomy
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ responsibility
  • ์—†์• ๋‹ค โ†’ to remove
  • ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ unequal conditions
  • ํ˜•์‹์  ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ โ†’ formal choice option
  • ์ „ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to convert
  • ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด โ†’ sufficient information
  • ํ•„์ˆ˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ essential condition
  • ํƒ€์ธ โ†’ others
  • ํ•ด์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to harm
  • ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ scope
  • ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be guaranteed
  • ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to examine
  • ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ฐ„์„ญ โ†’ excessive interference
  • ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to damage
  • ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ โ†’ community safety
  • ๊ณ ๋ ค๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be considered
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ โ†’ right to self-determination
  • ๋ฌด์ œํ•œ์˜ ์ž์œ  โ†’ unlimited freedom
  • ์ „์ œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to presuppose
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Restrictions are not automatically wrong, but they need clear grounds and must not erase autonomy.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ์ด๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์ด๋‹ค. โœ… ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ผ์„ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Wrong: self-determination is selfishness. Right: it is the right to decide important matters about oneโ€™s life. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ€” right, not selfishness.
B. โŒ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐฉ์น˜์™€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. โœ… ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ํŒ๋‹จํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
Wrong: autonomy is the same as abandonment. Right: autonomy includes conditions and responsibility for judgment. ๐ŸŽ’
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” autonomy often travels with responsibility.
C. โŒ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ž์œจ์ ์ด๋‹ค. โœ… ์‹ค์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์•ฝํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
Wrong: if there is an option, it is always autonomous. Right: if real conditions are lacking, autonomy weakens. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์กฐ๊ฑด โ€” real conditions matter.
D. โŒ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋œป์ด๋ฉด ๊ฐ•์š”๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค. โœ… ๊ฐ•์š”๋Š” ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Wrong: coercion is fine if it is a parentโ€™s will. Right: coercion can damage self-directed choice. ๐Ÿ‘ช
Answer
ํ›ผ์† โ€” to damage or undermine.
E. โŒ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ œํ•œ์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค. โœ… ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ œํ•œ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Wrong: all restriction of rights is bad. Right: some restrictions may be necessary, but there must be a clear basis. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” basis or grounds.
F. ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋™์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Surgery without a patientโ€™s consent can violate the right to self-determination. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” to violate a right.
G. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A democratic society must institutionally guarantee citizensโ€™ autonomy. ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” to guarantee.
H. ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„์˜ ์„ ํƒ์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ž์œจ์„ฑ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์†์—์„œ ๋…ผ์˜๋œ๋‹ค.
Adolescentsโ€™ choices are discussed within the balance between protection and autonomy. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ท ํ˜• โ€” balance.
I. ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜์–ด์•ผ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ฃผ์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
Information must be sufficiently provided for a choice to be made self-directedly. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
์ด๋ฃจ โ€” full form: ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค, to be carried out or made.
J. ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ์€ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The right to self-determination is a concept that makes us think about freedom and responsibility together. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
๊ฐœ๋… โ€” concept.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ โ†’ right to self-determination
  • ์ด๊ธฐ์‹ฌ โ†’ selfishness
  • ์‚ถ โ†’ life
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ†’ right
  • ์ž์œจ์„ฑ โ†’ autonomy
  • ๋ฐฉ์น˜ โ†’ neglect, abandonment
  • ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to judge
  • ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ condition
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ responsibility
  • ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ โ†’ option or right to choose
  • ์•ฝํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to weaken
  • ๋ถ€๋ชจ โ†’ parents
  • ๊ฐ•์š” โ†’ coercion
  • ์ฃผ์ฒด์  ์„ ํƒ โ†’ self-directed choice
  • ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to damage
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์ œํ•œ โ†’ restriction of rights
  • ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ basis
  • ํ™˜์ž โ†’ patient
  • ๋™์˜ โ†’ consent
  • ์ˆ˜์ˆ  โ†’ surgery
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to violate
  • ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ โ†’ democratic society
  • ์‹œ๋ฏผ โ†’ citizen
  • ์ œ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ โ†’ institutionally
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guarantee
  • ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ โ†’ adolescent
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ protection
  • ๊ท ํ˜• โ†’ balance
  • ์ •๋ณด โ†’ information
  • ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be provided
  • ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to be carried out, made
  • ์ž์œ  โ†’ freedom
  • ๊ฐœ๋… โ†’ concept
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: autonomy is not selfishness, not neglect, and not a magical choice made without conditions.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Beautiful work. You can now discuss self-determination as a serious ethical and social concept โ€” with rights, autonomy, agency, limits, and responsibility all sitting at the same seminar table. ๐Ÿช‘โœจ