๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ

The Mechanism of Conflict Resolution

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ / ์ค‘์žฌ / ์กฐ์ • / ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Paste phrases like ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ (conflict resolution mechanism), ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค (to propose a mediation plan), and ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค (to reach an agreement) into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
. Long formal phrases become less intimidating once your ears have negotiated with them. ๐Ÿ‘‚
๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงฉ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ means a formal mechanism or system for resolving disputes, not just โ€œpeople talked it out.โ€
  • ๐Ÿค ์ค‘์žฌ usually involves a third party stepping in, while ์กฐ์ • focuses on adjusting positions or balancing interests.
  • ๐Ÿ“ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ is the formal process of drawing out or reaching agreement through discussion, compromise, and procedure.
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Mechanism of Conflict Resolution
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Welcome to the Practice Hub for The Mechanism of Conflict Resolution. Youโ€™ll practice how Korean describes conflict not as random drama, but as a process involving systems, mediators, adjusted interests, and negotiated agreements. Very diplomatic, very useful, zero table-flipping. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best expression. After answering, open the Answer toggle and check whether the sentence requires a mechanism, mediation, coordination, negotiation, or final agreement.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Mechanisms and Procedures ๐Ÿงฉ

A. ํšŒ์‚ฌ์—๋Š” ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
The company needs a formal conflict-resolution mechanism to handle labor-management conflict. ๐Ÿข
Answer
๊ธฐ์ œ โ€” ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ is the formal mechanism or system.
B. ๊ธฐ์กด ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๋ฏผ์›์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Complaints repeated because the existing procedure did not function properly. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์ž‘๋™ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค means a procedure functions.
C. ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ œ๋„์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The local community established an institutional device to prevent resident conflict. ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ
Answer
์žฅ์น˜ โ€” ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜ means an institutional device or arrangement.
D. ๊ณต์‹ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์— ์˜์กดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
If formal procedures are absent, parties rely on private confrontation. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
๋ถ€์žฌ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค means a procedure is absent.
E. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค.
If the dispute-resolution mechanism is insufficient, conflict is likely to become prolonged. โณ
Answer
์žฅ๊ธฐํ™” โ€” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means conflict becomes prolonged.
F. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์› ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํšŒ์˜๋ก์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The committee released meeting minutes to increase the transparency of the complaint-handling procedure. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
ํˆฌ๋ช… โ€” ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ means transparency.
G. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A dispute-resolution procedure must secure the partiesโ€™ trust. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์‹ ๋ขฐ โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means to secure trust.
H. ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‹คํ–‰๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Even if a system exists, it is difficult to expect effectiveness if it is not actually implemented. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋Œ€ โ€” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to expect effectiveness.
I. ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A neutral procedure can reduce backlash from conflict parties. ๐ŸŒค๏ธ
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to ease backlash.
J. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A conflict-resolution mechanism is not simple conversation but a structured process. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ means a structured procedure.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ํšŒ์‚ฌ โ†’ company
  • ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ†’ labor-management conflict
  • ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ โ†’ formal / official
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ†’ conflict-resolution mechanism
  • ๊ธฐ์กด ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ existing procedure
  • ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to function
  • ๋ฏผ์› โ†’ complaint / civil petition
  • ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ โ†’ local community
  • ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ†’ resident conflict
  • ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ institutional device
  • ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be absent
  • ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž โ†’ party directly involved
  • ์‚ฌ์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ โ†’ private confrontation
  • ๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be insufficient
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to become prolonged
  • ์œ„์›ํšŒ โ†’ committee
  • ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ โ†’ transparency
  • ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure trust
  • ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to expect effectiveness
  • ๋ฐ˜๋ฐœ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease backlash
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”๋œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ structured procedure
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Mechanism sentences often use ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ถ€์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค, and ๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Mediation and Third Parties ๐Ÿค

A. ๋…ธ์กฐ์™€ ํšŒ์‚ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€์ž ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค.
As the conflict between the union and the company intensified, an employment agency stepped in as a mediator. ๐Ÿญ
Answer
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ์— ๋‚˜์„œ๋‹ค means to step in as a mediator.
B. ์–‘์ธก์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Both sides requested mediation by an independent third party. ๐Ÿ™‹
Answer
์š”์ฒญ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋‹ค means to request mediation.
C. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ˆ์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์–‘๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The mediation proposal presented by the international organization presupposed some concessions. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ means a mediation proposal.
D. ์ค‘์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋А ํ•œ์ชฝ์— ์น˜์šฐ์น˜๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
If the mediator leans toward one side, neutrality is lost. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ค‘๋ฆฝ โ€” ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ means neutrality.
E. ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์€ ์–‘์ธก์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Third-party intervention can ease mutual distrust between both sides. ๐ŸŒค๏ธ
Answer
๋ถˆ์‹  โ€” ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ถˆ์‹  means mutual distrust.
F. ์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋˜์ž ํ˜‘์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๋น ์กŒ๋‹ค.
When mediation broke down, negotiations fell into deadlock again. ๐ŸงŠ
Answer
๊ต์ฐฉ โ€” ๊ต์ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ means deadlock.
G. ์ค‘์žฌ์ž๋Š” ์–‘์ธก์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ํƒ€ํ˜‘์•ˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The mediator listened to both sidesโ€™ demands and proposed a compromise plan. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
์ œ์‹œ โ€” ํƒ€ํ˜‘์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค means to propose a compromise plan.
H. ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.
Fair mediation provides procedural trust to the parties in conflict. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
์‹ ๋ขฐ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ means procedural trust.
I. ์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Mediation is not simple advice but intervention between disputing parties. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” ๊ฐœ์ž… means intervention.
J. ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๋ฉด ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง„๋‹ค.
If the mediation proposal is accepted, the possibility of reaching final agreement increases. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
Answer
๊ฐ€๋Šฅ โ€” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means possibility.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋…ธ์กฐ โ†’ labor union
  • ํšŒ์‚ฌ โ†’ company
  • ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ โ†’ confrontation
  • ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to intensify
  • ๊ณ ์šฉ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ โ†’ employment agency
  • ์ค‘์žฌ โ†’ mediation / arbitration
  • ์–‘์ธก โ†’ both sides
  • ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ โ†’ independent
  • ์ œ์‚ผ์ž โ†’ third party
  • ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to request
  • ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ international organization
  • ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ โ†’ mediation proposal
  • ์–‘๋ณด โ†’ concession
  • ์ค‘์žฌ์ž โ†’ mediator
  • ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ โ†’ neutrality
  • ์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ถˆ์‹  โ†’ mutual distrust
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to break down
  • ๊ต์ฐฉ ์ƒํƒœ โ†’ deadlock
  • ํƒ€ํ˜‘์•ˆ โ†’ compromise plan
  • ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to present / propose
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ โ†’ procedural trust
  • ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ intervention
  • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ possibility
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก If a neutral outside actor steps in, ์ค‘์žฌ is usually the word you want.
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Exercise 3 โ€” Coordination and Interest Balancing โš–๏ธ

A. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์ •ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The committee coordinated each departmentโ€™s demands and revised the budget plan. ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate demands.
B. ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ• ์ˆ˜๋ก ์„ธ๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
The more complex the interests are, the more delicate coordination is needed. ๐Ÿงต
Answer
์กฐ์œจ โ€” ์กฐ์œจ means fine coordination or harmonizing.
C. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์€ ์†Œ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Resident representatives reconciled differences over the noise issue. ๐Ÿ”Š
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reconcile differences.
D. ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์€ ํ•œ์ชฝ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
A realistic solution does not reflect only one sideโ€™s demands; it coordinates interests. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์กฐ์œจ โ€” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๋‹ค is a natural phrase for interest balancing.
E. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‹ค์งˆ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To reduce conflict, focus on practical adjustment rather than emotional confrontation. ๐ŸงŠ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์กฐ์ • means practical adjustment or coordination.
F. ๋ถ€์„œ ๊ฐ„ ์ผ์ •์ด ๊ฒน์ณ ํšŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Because department schedules overlapped, the meeting time was adjusted again. ๐Ÿ“…
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” Here ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค is natural because multiple schedules must be balanced.
G. ์–‘๋ณด ์—†๋Š” ํ˜‘์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
In negotiations without concessions, it is difficult to narrow differences in position. โ†”๏ธ
Answer
์ขํžˆ โ€” ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ขํžˆ๋‹ค means to narrow the gap between positions.
H. ์กฐ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
The coordination procedure compares stakeholder demands and establishes priorities. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
์„ค์ • โ€” ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to set priorities.
I. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์กฐ์ •์—๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ™•์ธ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์ • ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Conflict coordination requires both fact-checking and emotional adjustment. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์กฐ์ ˆ โ€” ๊ฐ์ • ์กฐ์ ˆ means emotional regulation.
J. ์กฐ์ •์ด ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์˜์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For coordination to succeed, the parties must show at least minimal willingness to compromise. ๐Ÿคฒ
Answer
ํƒ€ํ˜‘ โ€” ํƒ€ํ˜‘ ์˜์ง€ means willingness to compromise.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œ„์›ํšŒ โ†’ committee
  • ๋ถ€์„œ โ†’ department
  • ์š”๊ตฌ โ†’ demand
  • ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to coordinate / adjust
  • ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์•ˆ โ†’ budget proposal
  • ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to revise
  • ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ โ†’ interests
  • ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be complex
  • ์กฐ์œจ โ†’ fine coordination
  • ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ โ†’ resident representative
  • ์†Œ์Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ noise issue
  • ์ด๊ฒฌ โ†’ difference of opinion
  • ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… โ†’ realistic solution
  • ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ โ†’ emotional confrontation
  • ์‹ค์งˆ์  ์กฐ์ • โ†’ practical adjustment
  • ์ผ์ •์ด ๊ฒน์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ schedules overlap
  • ์–‘๋ณด โ†’ concession
  • ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ขํžˆ๋‹ค โ†’ to narrow differences in position
  • ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ โ†’ priority
  • ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to set
  • ๊ฐ์ • ์กฐ์ ˆ โ†’ emotional regulation
  • ํƒ€ํ˜‘ ์˜์ง€ โ†’ willingness to compromise
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์กฐ์ • is about balancing; ์กฐ์œจ often sounds like finer, more delicate coordination.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Agreement and Consensus ๐Ÿ“

A. ์–‘์ธก์€ ์„ธ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋์— ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Both sides reached a final agreement after three rounds of negotiation. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๋„์ถœ โ€” ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค means to reach or draw out an agreement.
B. ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A sensitive policy requires social consensus through sufficient discussion. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
ํ•ฉ์˜ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ means social consensus.
C. ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„์Ÿ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If agreement-building fails, the dispute may intensify again. ๐ŸŒฉ๏ธ
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means a dispute deepens or intensifies.
D. ์ž ์ • ํ•ฉ์˜๋Š” ์ตœ์ข… ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ž„์‹œ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A tentative agreement is not a final decision but a temporary agreement. ๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ
Answer
ํ•ฉ์˜ โ€” ์ž ์ • ํ•ฉ์˜ means tentative agreement.
E. ํ˜‘์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์Ÿ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค.
During consultation, the parties found a compromise point on the key issue. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
ํƒ€ํ˜‘ โ€” ํƒ€ํ˜‘์  means compromise point.
F. ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ถ„๋‹ด๊ณผ ์‹คํ–‰ ์ผ์ •์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The agreement document must specify responsibility-sharing and the implementation schedule. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
๋ช…์‹œ โ€” ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be clearly stated.
G. ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Both sides can arrive at agreement only by accepting some of each otherโ€™s demands. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
์ด๋ฅผ โ€” ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค means to arrive at an agreement.
H. ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ๊ฐ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์•…ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the agreement is broken, trust between the parties may worsen again. ๐Ÿ’”
Answer
์‹ ๋ขฐ โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ์•…ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means trust worsens.
I. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
Building social consensus is a process of gathering diverse opinions. ๐Ÿงบ
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ ด โ€” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to gather or collect opinions.
J. ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹คํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
For an agreement to last, a procedure for checking implementation is needed. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์ ๊ฒ€ โ€” ์‹คํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to check whether something is implemented.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์–‘์ธก โ†’ both sides
  • ํ˜‘์ƒ โ†’ negotiation
  • ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ final agreement
  • ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to draw out / reach
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ sensitive policy
  • ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜ โ†’ sufficient discussion
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ social consensus
  • ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ โ†’ reaching agreement
  • ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to fail
  • ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to deepen / intensify
  • ์ž ์ • ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ tentative agreement
  • ์ž„์‹œ์ ์ธ ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ temporary agreement
  • ํ˜‘์˜ ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ consultation process
  • ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์Ÿ์  โ†’ key issue
  • ํƒ€ํ˜‘์  โ†’ compromise point
  • ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฌธ โ†’ written agreement
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ถ„๋‹ด โ†’ sharing responsibility
  • ์‹คํ–‰ ์ผ์ • โ†’ implementation schedule
  • ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be specified
  • ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to arrive at an agreement
  • ํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be broken / revoked
  • ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to gather opinions
  • ์ ๊ฒ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to check
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค and ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค are both natural; ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค is not.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ™”ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
It is difficult to call a way of reconciling with a friend a formal dispute-resolution mechanism. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
๊ธฐ์ œ โ€” โŒ Do not use ๊ธฐ์ œ for every personal habit. โœ… It fits formal systems and mechanisms.
B. ์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ œ์‚ผ์ž์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
Mediation is not simple advice; it includes third-party intervention. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” โœ… ์ค‘์žฌ implies intervention between conflicting parties.
C. ํšŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์ผ์ • ๊ท ํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ • ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
If changing meeting time involves balancing several departmentsโ€™ schedules, schedule adjustment is natural. ๐Ÿ“…
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” โœ… ์ผ์ • ์กฐ์ • is natural when balancing constraints.
D. ์˜์–ด์˜ โ€œreach an agreementโ€๋ฅผ ์ง์—ญํ•ด ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค.
If โ€œreach an agreementโ€ is translated literally as โ€œarrived the agreement,โ€ it sounds awkward. ๐Ÿšซ
Answer
๋„์ฐฉ โ€” โŒ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค is wrong. โœ… Use ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค or ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค.
E. ์–‘์ธก์ด ์ง์ ‘ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ค‘์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
The process in which both sides directly exchange conditions is closer to negotiation than mediation. ๐Ÿค
Answer
ํ˜‘์ƒ โ€” โœ… ํ˜‘์ƒ is direct negotiation between parties.
F. ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋˜๋Š” ์กฐ์œจ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The process of balancing interests can be called adjustment or coordination. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” โœ… ์กฐ์ • focuses on balancing differences.
G. ์ค‘์žฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•œ์ชฝ ํŽธ๋งŒ ๋“ค๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์ด ํ›ผ์†๋œ๋‹ค.
If the mediator sides with only one party, neutrality is damaged. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
์ค‘๋ฆฝ โ€” โœ… ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ is essential for mediation.
H. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ง€์†๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The phenomenon of conflict lasting a long time is called prolongation of conflict. โณ
Answer
์žฅ๊ธฐ โ€” โœ… ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™” means conflict becomes prolonged.
I. ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฌธ์—๋Š” ์‹คํ–‰ ์ผ์ •๊ณผ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๋ถ„๋‹ด์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The final written agreement must specify the implementation schedule and division of responsibility. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
๋ช…์‹œ โ€” โœ… ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be clearly stated.
J. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ŠนํŒจ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋„์ถœ์ด๋‹ค.
The core of dispute resolution is not victory or defeat but reaching a sustainable agreement. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
ํ•ฉ์˜ โ€” โœ… ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ is a formal, natural phrase.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ โ†’ friend
  • ํ™”ํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reconcile
  • ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ โ†’ formal
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ†’ conflict-resolution mechanism
  • ์ค‘์žฌ โ†’ mediation / arbitration
  • ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ โ†’ simple advice
  • ์ œ์‚ผ์ž โ†’ third party
  • ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ intervention
  • ํšŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ โ†’ meeting time
  • ๋ถ€์„œ โ†’ department
  • ์ผ์ • ๊ท ํ˜• โ†’ schedule balance
  • ์ผ์ • ์กฐ์ • โ†’ schedule adjustment
  • ์ง์—ญํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to translate literally
  • ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to arrive
  • ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reach an agreement
  • ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to exchange conditions
  • ํ˜‘์ƒ โ†’ negotiation
  • ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ โ†’ interests
  • ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ โ†’ in a balanced way
  • ์กฐ์œจ โ†’ coordination
  • ์ค‘์žฌ์ž โ†’ mediator
  • ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์„ฑ โ†’ neutrality
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™” โ†’ prolongation
  • ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฌธ โ†’ final written agreement
  • ๋ช…์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be specified
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ sustainable agreement
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: formal vocabulary needs the right situation. Use ๊ธฐ์ œ for systems, ์ค‘์žฌ for third-party intervention, and ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ for formal agreement-building.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” you can now describe conflict resolution as a structured process: mechanisms function, mediators intervene, interests are coordinated, and agreements are drawn out. Thatโ€™s diplomacy with grammar muscles. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงฉ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ means a formal mechanism or process for resolving disputes.
  • ๐Ÿค ์ค‘์žฌ usually highlights a third party stepping in, while ์กฐ์ • highlights adjusting positions or balancing interests.
  • ๐Ÿ“ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ means reaching/drawing out an agreement, especially through discussion, negotiation, or institutional procedures.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and type any Korean word or sentence from this lesson to hear it read aloud. Conflict-resolution phrases are noun-heavy, so hearing the rhythm can make them feel less like paperwork with shoes. ๐Ÿ‘ž

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

In advanced Korean, conflict is often described through systems and processes, not just feelings. A text may not say โ€œpeople solved the fight.โ€ Instead, it may say a mechanism functioned, a mediator intervened, positions were adjusted, or an agreement was reached. Very official. Very clipboard. ๐Ÿ“‹
This lesson focuses on four expressions:
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ†’ conflict resolution mechanism
  • ์ค‘์žฌ โ†’ mediation/arbitration/intervention by a third party
  • ์กฐ์ • โ†’ adjustment, coordination, or mediation toward balance
  • ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ โ†’ reaching/drawing out an agreement
Youโ€™ll see these in news articles, policy writing, labor disputes, international relations, workplace negotiations, community conflicts, and essays about social consensus. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Conflict-Resolution Family

1. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ€” conflict resolution mechanism ๐Ÿงฉ

๊ธฐ์ œ means a mechanism, structure, or operating process. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ refers to the system, institution, rule, or procedure used to resolve disputes.
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ a conflict resolution mechanism functions
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to establish a conflict resolution mechanism
  • ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ†’ a formal dispute-resolution mechanism
  • ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ institutional arrangement/device
Usage note: ๊ธฐ์ œ is formal and abstract. It fits reports and policy discussion better than casual talk.

2. ์ค‘์žฌ โ€” mediation / arbitration / third-party intervention ๐Ÿค

์ค‘์žฌ usually means a third party steps in between conflicting sides. Depending on context, it may mean mediation, arbitration, diplomatic intervention, or settlement support.
  • ์ค‘์žฌ์— ๋‚˜์„œ๋‹ค โ†’ to step in as a mediator
  • ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to request mediation
  • ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to propose a mediation plan
  • ์ œ3์ž์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ โ†’ third-party mediation
Usage note: If no outside party exists, ์กฐ์ • or ํ˜‘์˜ may be more natural than ์ค‘์žฌ.

3. ์กฐ์ • โ€” adjustment / coordination / reconciling differences ๐ŸŽ›๏ธ

์กฐ์ • means adjusting positions, coordinating interests, or reducing imbalance. It is broader and often softer than ์ค‘์žฌ.
  • ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to adjust positions
  • ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reconcile differences
  • ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to coordinate interests
  • ์กฐ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to go through a coordination/mediation process
Usage note: ์กฐ์ • can happen inside an organization without a separate mediator.

4. ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ โ€” reaching/drawing out an agreement ๐Ÿ“

๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค means to derive, draw out, or arrive at something through reasoning or process. ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ sounds more formal than ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค.
  • ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reach/draw out an agreement
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reach social consensus
  • ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to fail to reach a final agreement
  • ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to come to an agreement
Usage note: Donโ€™t say ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค. Agreements are not buses. ๐ŸšŒ Use ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค or ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • The company established a formal conflict-resolution mechanism to reduce labor-management conflict. ๐Ÿข
    • ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ = labor-management conflict, ์ค„์ด๋‹ค = to reduce, ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค = to establish/prepare.
  • ์–‘์ธก์˜ ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€์ž ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์žฌ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค.
    • As the gap between the two sidesโ€™ positions grew, the local government stepped in as a mediator. ๐Ÿค
    • ์–‘์ธก = both sides, ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด = difference in positions, ์ง€๋ฐฉ ์ •๋ถ€ = local government.
  • ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • The committee reconciled stakeholdersโ€™ differing opinions and prepared a final proposal. ๐Ÿ“„
    • ์œ„์›ํšŒ = committee, ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž = stakeholder, ์ตœ์ข…์•ˆ = final proposal.
  • ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋์— ์–‘์ธก์€ ์ž ์ •์ ์ธ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • After long negotiations, both sides reached a tentative agreement. ๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ
    • ํ˜‘์ƒ = negotiation, ์ž ์ •์  = tentative/provisional, ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค = to draw out/reach.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Advanced Korean often turns actions into formal noun phrases. Recognize the action hidden inside the noun.
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to resolve a dispute
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ dispute resolution
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ†’ dispute-resolution mechanism
  • ํ•ฉ์˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to agree
  • ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to draw out/reach an agreement
  • ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ process of reaching an agreement
  • ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reconcile differences
  • ์ด๊ฒฌ ์กฐ์ • โ†’ reconciliation/coordination of differences
This noun-heavy style is common in policy, academic, and news Korean. The trick is to find the main noun, then ask: โ€œWhat action is hiding inside it?โ€ ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธ

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

Key word choices and formal collocations in this lesson were cross-checked against standard Korean usage and National Institute of Korean Language resources at korean.go.kr. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ โ†’ dispute; formal, often legal/institutional.
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ†’ conflict/tension; broader and more everyday than ๋ถ„์Ÿ.
  • ์ค‘์žฌ โ†’ mediation/arbitration by a third party; formal.
  • ์กฐ์ • โ†’ adjustment/coordination/reconciliation; broader and often softer.
  • ํ˜‘์ƒ โ†’ negotiation; direct discussion between parties.
  • ํ˜‘์˜ โ†’ consultation/discussion; often formal and cooperative.
  • ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ โ†’ reaching an agreement; formal/process-oriented.
  • ํƒ€๊ฒฐ โ†’ settlement/conclusion of negotiations; often used after difficult talks.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ Using ๊ธฐ์ œ for a simple personal habit โ†’ โœ… Use it for systems, processes, causes, or institutional mechanisms.
  • โŒ Treating ์ค‘์žฌ as ordinary advice โ†’ โœ… It implies intervention between conflicting parties, often by a third party.
  • โŒ Using ์กฐ์ • whenever you mean โ€œchangeโ€ โ†’ โœ… Use ์กฐ์ • when positions, interests, or schedules are being balanced.
  • โŒ Saying ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… Say ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค or ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค.
  • โŒ Forgetting register โ†’ โœ… ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ, ์กฐ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ, and ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ are formal; casual speech may use simpler wording.
๐ŸŽ‰ You now have the vocabulary to make conflict sound structured, negotiable, and only moderately dramatic. Tiny peace treaty, big language win. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Try this exercise
Read each sentence and choose the best conflict-resolution expression. Say the full sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the logic.
1. ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The existing dispute-resolution mechanism did not function properly, so the conflict became prolonged. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
๊ธฐ์ œ โ€” ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ is the formal phrase for a mechanism/system that resolves disputes.
2. ์–‘์ธก์˜ ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€์ž ๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค.
As the gap between both sidesโ€™ positions grew, an independent institution stepped in as a mediator. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ์— ๋‚˜์„œ๋‹ค means to step in as a mediator.
3. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด ์ตœ์ข…์•ˆ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The committee reconciled stakeholdersโ€™ differing views and prepared the final proposal. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reconcile or coordinate differing opinions.
4. ์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋์— ์–‘์ธก์€ ์ž ์ •์ ์ธ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After long negotiations, both sides reached a tentative agreement. ๐Ÿ•ฐ๏ธ
Answer
๋„์ถœ โ€” The formal expression is ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค.
5. ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If a formal dispute-resolution mechanism is lacking, the same conflict can repeat. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ€” The sentence is about lacking a formal system, not just a single conversation.
6. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ3์ž์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government requested third-party mediation to resolve labor-management conflict. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ œ3์ž์˜ ์ค‘์žฌ is third-party mediation.
7. ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
It took time to coordinate the requirements of each department. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate or adjust requirements.
8. ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The more sensitive a policy is, the more social consensus must be reached through sufficient discussion. ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ
Answer
๋„์ถœ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค means to reach social consensus.
9. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์–‘๊ตญ ๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ˆ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The international organization proposed a mediation plan to resolve the dispute between the two countries. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ means a mediation proposal or settlement plan.
10. ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜์ž ํ˜‘์ƒ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
When reaching an agreement failed, the negotiations eventually broke down. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ โ€” ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋˜๋‹ค means negotiations break down.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐ์กด โ†’ existing
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ โ†’ dispute-resolution mechanism
  • ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to function
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ†’ conflict/tension
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to become prolonged
  • ์–‘์ธก โ†’ both sides
  • ์ž…์žฅ ์ฐจ์ด โ†’ difference in positions
  • ๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ โ†’ independent institution
  • ์ค‘์žฌ โ†’ mediation/arbitration
  • ์œ„์›ํšŒ โ†’ committee
  • ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž โ†’ stakeholder
  • ์ด๊ฒฌ โ†’ differing opinion
  • ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to coordinate/reconcile
  • ์ตœ์ข…์•ˆ โ†’ final proposal
  • ํ˜‘์ƒ โ†’ negotiation
  • ์ž ์ •์  โ†’ tentative/provisional
  • ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reach an agreement
  • ์ œ3์ž โ†’ third party
  • ๋…ธ์‚ฌ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ†’ labor-management conflict
  • ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ โ†’ requirement
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ social consensus
  • ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ โ†’ mediation plan
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to break down
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก First identify whether the sentence needs a system, a third party, a balancing process, or an agreement outcome.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Continue into the Practice Hub and turn these formal phrases into your calm little negotiation toolkit. ๐Ÿงฐ
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Mechanism of Conflict Resolution
ย 
Welcome to your conflict-resolution command center. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ Here youโ€™ll practice how ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ, ์ค‘์žฌ, ์กฐ์ •, and ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ work in advanced Korean texts. The goal is to recognize whether a sentence is describing a system, an intervention, a balancing process, or a negotiated result. ๐ŸŽ›๏ธ
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence or formal noun phrase.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each Korean prompt with the best word or phrase, read the finished sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle. Watch the verbs closely: ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋‚˜์„œ๋‹ค, ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค, and ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค tell you what kind of conflict-resolution process is happening.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Mechanisms and Institutions ๐Ÿงฉ

A. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์›์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A formal dispute-resolution mechanism is needed to reduce repeated complaints. ๐Ÿ“
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ธฐ์ œ โ€” ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ describes a formal mechanism or process.
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B. ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The school prepared an institutional arrangement for handling conflict between students. ๐Ÿซ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์žฅ์น˜ โ€” ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜ means an institutional arrangement.
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C. ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
If the procedure is vague, the dispute-resolution mechanism does not function properly. โš™๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ž‘๋™ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค means a mechanism functions.
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D. ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A fair procedure can increase the partiesโ€™ trust. ๐Ÿค
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์‹ ๋ขฐ โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ means trust.
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E. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค.
If the mechanism is insufficient, the conflict is likely to become prolonged. โณ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์žฅ๊ธฐํ™” โ€” The full verb is ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋‹ค.
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F. ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฏผ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The community built a system that can prevent conflict between residents. ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ฒด๊ณ„ โ€” ์ฒด๊ณ„ means system/framework.
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G. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ •์€ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The new regulation made the procedure more transparent. ๐Ÿ”
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
ํˆฌ๋ช… โ€” ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค means transparent.
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H. ๊ณต์‹ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋А๋‚„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Without a formal procedure, the parties may feel anxiety about solving the problem. ๐Ÿ˜Ÿ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋ถˆ์•ˆ โ€” ๋ถˆ์•ˆ means anxiety/unease.
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I. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ์ „์— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Institutions should prepare preventive measures before conflict arises. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์กฐ์น˜ โ€” ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ์กฐ์น˜ means preventive measure.
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J. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ์€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The key is securing procedural fairness. โš–๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ means procedural fairness.
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๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box โ€” ๋ฏผ์› โ†’ grievance; ์ œ๋„์  ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ institutional arrangement; ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ procedure; ๋ฏธํกํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ insufficient; ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ become prolonged; ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ build; ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ transparent; ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ†’ procedural fairness. Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Mechanism sentences often use ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋‹ค, or ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค.

Exercise 2 โ€” Mediation and Third Parties ๐Ÿค

A. ์–‘์ธก์˜ ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋˜์ž ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค.
When dialogue stopped, a civic group stepped in as a mediator. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ์— ๋‚˜์„œ๋‹ค means to step in as mediator.
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B. ๋…ธ์กฐ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์— ๋…๋ฆฝ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The union requested mediation by an independent institution. ๐Ÿข
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ๋ฅผ ์š”์ฒญํ•˜๋‹ค means to request mediation.
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C. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ˆ์€ ์–‘๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์–‘๋ณด๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The mediation proposal required concessions from both countries. ๐ŸŒ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ค‘์žฌ โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ means mediation proposal.
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D. ์ œ3์ž์˜ ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜‘์ƒ์€ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Without third-party intervention, the negotiation would have broken down sooner. ๐Ÿงฑ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ โ€” ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋˜๋‹ค means negotiations break down.
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E. ์ค‘์žฌ์ž๋Š” ์–‘์ธก์˜ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The mediator focused on easing distrust. ๐ŸŒฟ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๋ถˆ์‹ ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to ease distrust.
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F. ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ค‘์žฌ์ž๋Š” ํ•œ์ชฝ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
A fair mediator does not support only one sideโ€™s claim. โš–๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ง€์ง€ โ€” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to support a claim.
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G. ์ค‘์žฌ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์–‘์ธก์€ ์ผ๋ถ€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
During mediation, both sides made concessions. ๐ŸŽ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์–‘๋ณด โ€” ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์–‘๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means to concede on demands.
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H. ์ค‘์žฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Voluntary participation is important for mediation to succeed. ๐Ÿšช
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ฐธ์—ฌ โ€” ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ means voluntary participation.
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I. ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•„ ํ˜‘์ƒ์€ ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ”๋‹ค.
The mediation proposal was not accepted, so talks returned to square one. ๐Ÿ”„
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋Œ์•„ โ€” ์›์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค means return to square one.
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J. ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
External mediation can become an opportunity to reduce emotional confrontation. ๐ŸชŸ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ณ„๊ธฐ โ€” ๊ณ„๊ธฐ means an occasion/opportunity.
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๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box โ€” ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด โ†’ civic group; ๋…ธ์กฐ โ†’ labor union; ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ international organization; ์ œ3์ž โ†’ third party; ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ intervention; ์ค‘์žฌ์ž โ†’ mediator; ๋ถˆ์‹  โ†’ distrust; ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์ฐธ์—ฌ โ†’ voluntary participation. Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ค‘์žฌ asks: โ€œWho stepped in between the sides?โ€

Exercise 3 โ€” Adjustment and Coordination ๐ŸŽ›๏ธ

A. ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
It took time to coordinate each departmentโ€™s requirements. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate requirements.
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B. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋‹ค.
The committee reconciled differing views and found a feasible plan. ๐Ÿงญ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์ด๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reconcile differences.
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C. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘”๋‹ค.
Conflict management focuses on practical coordination. ๐ŸŒฟ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์กฐ์ • โ€” Here it means practical balancing/coordination.
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D. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
If different interests cannot be coordinated, agreement is difficult. ๐Ÿงฉ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate interests.
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E. ์ผ์ •์ด ๊ฒน์น˜์ž ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ํšŒ์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
When schedules overlapped, the person in charge adjusted the meeting time. ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค is natural for adjusting time.
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F. ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ๋ถ€์„œ ๊ฐ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ถ€์กฑ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The conflict over budget allocation stemmed from lack of interdepartmental coordination. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์กฐ์œจ โ€” ์กฐ์œจ is close to harmonizing/coordination.
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G. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ •์€ ์–ด๋А ํ•œ์ชฝ์˜ ํฌ์ƒ๋งŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Reasonable coordination does not demand only one sideโ€™s sacrifice. โš–๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์š”๊ตฌ โ€” ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to demand sacrifice.
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H. ์กฐ์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋ฉด ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ž…์žฅ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
After coordination, the parties can better understand each otherโ€™s positions. ๐Ÿชž
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ดํ•ด โ€” ์ž…์žฅ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to understand a position.
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I. ์กฐ์ •์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‘์€ ์ด๊ฒฌ๋„ ํฐ ๋ถ„์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If coordination fails, even a small disagreement can expand into a major dispute. ๐ŸŒŠ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
ํ™•๋Œ€ โ€” ๋ถ„์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋‹ค means expand into a dispute.
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J. ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ์กฐ์ •์€ ์ƒํ˜ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ „์ œ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Successful coordination presupposes mutual concessions. ๐Ÿคฒ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์–‘๋ณด โ€” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์–‘๋ณด means mutual concession.
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๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box โ€” ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ โ†’ requirement; ์ด๊ฒฌ โ†’ differing opinion; ์‹คํ–‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ โ†’ feasible plan; ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„ โ†’ interests; ์ผ์ •์ด ๊ฒน์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ schedules overlap; ์กฐ์œจ โ†’ coordination; ์ƒํ˜ธ ์–‘๋ณด โ†’ mutual concession. Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์กฐ์ • asks: โ€œWhat needs to be balanced?โ€

Exercise 4 โ€” Agreement Outcomes ๐Ÿ“

A. ์–‘์ธก์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๋…ผ์˜ ๋์— ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
After several rounds of discussion, both sides reached a final agreement. ๐Ÿ“
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋„์ถœ โ€” ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค is formal for reaching agreement.
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B. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Sufficient information disclosure is needed for reaching social consensus. ๐Ÿ”
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋„์ถœ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ means reaching social consensus.
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C. ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์— ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜‘์ƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As they failed to reach a final agreement, negotiations broke down. ๐Ÿงฑ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ โ€” ํ˜‘์ƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋˜๋‹ค means negotiations break down.
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D. ์–‘์ธก์€ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์Ÿ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž ์ •์  ํ•ฉ์˜์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Both sides reached a tentative agreement on the key issue. ๐Ÿ”‘
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ด๋ฅด๋ €๋‹ค โ€” ํ•ฉ์˜์— ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค means to reach agreement.
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E. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํ˜‘์˜ ์—†์ด ๋„์ถœ๋œ ํ•ฉ์˜๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
An agreement reached without enough consultation can easily be broken. ๐Ÿชข
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
ํŒŒ๊ธฐ โ€” ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค means an agreement is broken.
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F. ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
In reaching agreement, procedural trust is essential. ๐Ÿงฑ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
ํ•„์ˆ˜์  โ€” ํ•„์ˆ˜์  means essential.
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G. ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์ผ์ˆ˜๋ก ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
The more sensitive the matter, the more time is required. โณ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์†Œ์š” โ€” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋‹ค means time is required.
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H. ํ˜‘์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋“ค์€ ์–‘๋ณด์•ˆ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The representatives explored the possibility of agreement based on a concession plan. ๐Ÿงญ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋ชจ์ƒ‰ โ€” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค means to explore a possibility.
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I. ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๋’ค์—๋Š” ์ดํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
After an agreement is reached, implementation must be checked. โœ…
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
ํ™•์ธ โ€” ์ดํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to check implementation.
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J. ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
In reaching agreement, the fairness of the process also matters. โš–๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ณต์ •์„ฑ โ€” ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ means fairness of the process.
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๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box โ€” ์ตœ์ข… ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ final agreement; ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ โ†’ information disclosure; ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์Ÿ์  โ†’ key issue; ์ž ์ •์  ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ tentative agreement; ํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be broken; ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ time is required; ์ดํ–‰ ์—ฌ๋ถ€ โ†’ whether it is implemented. Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Agreement sentences often use ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ด๋ฅด๋‹ค, ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋˜๋‹ค, or ํŒŒ๊ธฐ๋˜๋‹ค.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์นœ๊ตฌ์™€ ํ™”ํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ธฐ์ œ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค.
Calling a personal habit a dispute-resolution mechanism is awkward. ๐Ÿ˜ฌ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์–ด์ƒ‰ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ œ is formal and usually describes systems or processes.
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B. ์ค‘์žฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์กฐ์–ธ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋‹ค.
Mediation is intervention between conflicting parties, not simple advice. ๐Ÿค
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” ์ค‘์žฌ implies intervention between parties.
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C. ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋‚ ์งœ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์กฐ์ •๋ณด๋‹ค ์ผ์ • ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When simply changing a date, โ€œschedule changeโ€ may be more natural. ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋ณ€๊ฒฝ โ€” Use ์กฐ์ • when balancing is involved; simple change may be ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ.
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D. ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Say โ€œreach an agreement,โ€ not โ€œarrive an agreement.โ€ ๐ŸšŒ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋„์ถœ โ€” The natural formal phrase is ํ•ฉ์˜๋ฅผ ๋„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค.
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E. ๋ถ„์Ÿ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๊ณ  ์ œ๋„์ ์ธ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค.
The word โ€œdisputeโ€ feels more formal and institutional than โ€œconflict.โ€ ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ฒฉ์‹์  โ€” ๋ถ„์Ÿ is often more formal than ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ.
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F. ์กฐ์ •์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž…์žฅ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
Coordination is the process of finding balance between different positions. โš–๏ธ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๊ท ํ˜• โ€” ๊ท ํ˜• means balance.
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G. ์ค‘์žฌ์•ˆ์ด ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์ง€๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง„๋‹ค.
If a mediation proposal is accepted, the possibility of agreement increases. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
๋†’์•„ โ€” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค means the possibility increases.
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H. ์ ˆ์ฐจ์  ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ฉ์˜์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If procedural fairness is lacking, the sustainability of agreement may weaken. ๐ŸŒฑ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means sustainability.
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I. ์ œ3์ž๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์ง์ ‘ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ค‘์žฌ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Direct conversation without a third party is closer to consultation than mediation. ๐Ÿ’ฌ
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
ํ˜‘์˜ โ€” No third party? ํ˜‘์˜ or ํ˜‘์ƒ may fit better than ์ค‘์žฌ.
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J. ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ธฐ์ œ, ์ค‘์žฌ, ์กฐ์ •, ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ์ด ์„œ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ๋•Œ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
Successful dispute resolution is possible when these parts are connected. ๐Ÿ”—
<details><summary>Answer</summary>
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” Final boss: the terms work together as a process chain.
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๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box โ€” ํ™”ํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ reconcile; ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ intervene; ์ผ์ • ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ โ†’ schedule change; ๊ฒฉ์‹์  โ†’ formal; ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability; ํ˜‘์˜ โ†’ consultation; ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ be connected. Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Identify register, third-party involvement, balance, and outcome before choosing the word.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Nicely negotiated! You can now read advanced Korean conflict-resolution language as a process: a ๊ธฐ์ œ functions, ์ค‘์žฌ may intervene, ์กฐ์ • balances interests, and ํ•ฉ์˜ ๋„์ถœ seals the peace treaty. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ