๐Ÿš€

The Commercialization of Space Exploration

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” / ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… / ์ž์› ํ™•๋ณด / ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—…
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿš€
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” means space exploration is no longer only a government science project; it is also becoming a market where companies invest, launch services, and seek profit.
  • ๐Ÿข To sound advanced, pair ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… (private companies) with verbs like ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค (to enter a field), ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋‹ค (to invest), ์ƒ์šฉํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to commercialize for practical use), and ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค (to generate profit).
  • โš–๏ธ Strong arguments balance opportunity and risk: ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—… (future industry), ์ž์› ํ™•๋ณด (securing resources), ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ (legal standards), and ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ (public interest).
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Type any phrase from this lesson into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it aloud. Long academic phrases like ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” (the commercialization of space exploration) and ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜• (the balance between public interest and profitability) become much friendlier when you hear their rhythm. ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

For advanced vocabulary, this topic is not just โ€œspace is cool.โ€ It is about explaining how space activity is shifting from mostly state-led exploration to a mixed ecosystem of governments, private companies, investors, data services, tourism, resource development, and international regulation. ๐Ÿš€
The key phrase is ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” (the commercialization of space exploration). ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ means โ€œspace exploration,โ€ and ์ƒ์—…ํ™” means โ€œcommercialization,โ€ or the process of turning something into a profit-making market. In natural advanced Korean, you will often connect it with ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… (private companies), ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… (the space industry), ํˆฌ์ž (investment), ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ (profitability), and ๊ทœ์ œ (regulation). ๐Ÿข
A polished answer should avoid one-sided hype. Space tourism sounds shiny โœจ, but advanced discussion also asks who benefits, who pays, who owns space resources, and how safety and public interest are protected.

๐ŸŽจ The Core Space-Commercialization Family

๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ Core nouns for the industry

  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ โ†’ space exploration
  • ์ƒ์—…ํ™” โ†’ commercialization; making something market-based
  • ์ƒ์šฉํ™” โ†’ practical commercialization; making a technology usable in real markets
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… โ†’ private company
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ space industry
  • ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด โ†’ launch vehicle
  • ์œ„์„ฑ โ†’ satellite
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘ โ†’ space tourism
  • ์ž์› ํ™•๋ณด โ†’ securing resources
  • ํฌ๊ท€ ์ž์› โ†’ rare resources
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ future industry
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ โ†’ space debris
  • ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ legal standards
  • ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ โ†’ public interest or public value
  • ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ โ†’ profitability

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ Core verbs for advanced explanation

  • ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to enter a market, field, or sector
  • ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to invest
  • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to develop
  • ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to launch
  • ์ƒ์šฉํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to make commercially/practically usable
  • ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure
  • ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to mine or extract
  • ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to take early control; to preoccupy a market/resource
  • ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to regulate
  • ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to cooperate
  • ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to compete
  • ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to promote or accelerate
  • ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to create or generate, usually value/profit/jobs
  • ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prepare or establish, often standards/measures/systems

โš–๏ธ Argument nouns for balanced discussion

  • ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ economic potential
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ†’ technological innovation
  • ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ โ†’ enormous cost
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ†’ safety
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ accessibility
  • ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ โ†’ ownership
  • ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ โ†’ international agreement
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ†’ sustainable development
  • ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ โ†’ economic inequality

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

1. Market entry + investment ๐Ÿข

๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์ ์ฐจ ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Private companies are entering the space industry, and launch costs are gradually decreasing.
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… = private companies.
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค = to enter the space industry. This sounds more natural than saying a company โ€œdevelops the industryโ€ when the focus is market entry.
  • ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ = launch costs.

2. Resource competition + ownership ๐Ÿชจ

๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ํฌ๊ท€ ์ž์›์„ ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Competition to secure rare resources on the Moon and asteroids is intensifying.
  • ๋‹ฌ = the Moon; ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ = asteroid.
  • ํฌ๊ท€ ์ž์› = rare resources.
  • ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋‹ค can imply early control or first-mover advantage, so it is stronger and more competitive than ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค (to secure).

3. Public interest + regulation โš–๏ธ

์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
As the commercialization of space exploration expands, legal standards that balance public interest and profitability are necessary.
  • ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋‹ค = to expand.
  • ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ = public interest; ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ = profitability.
  • ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค is a useful chunk meaning โ€œto establish legal standards.โ€

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This is an advanced vocabulary lesson, so the โ€œformation ruleโ€ is about building precise academic phrases rather than conjugating one grammar pattern. Use this structure:
Actor + field + action + consequence
  • Actor: ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… (private companies), ์ •๋ถ€ (government), ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ (the international community), ํˆฌ์ž์ž (investors)
  • Field: ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… (space industry), ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ์‹œ์žฅ (space tourism market), ์œ„์„ฑ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ์„œ๋น„์Šค (satellite launch services)
  • Action: ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค (enter), ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋‹ค (invest), ์ƒ์šฉํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (commercialize for practical use), ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค (regulate)
  • Consequence: ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค (promote technological innovation), ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค (generate profit), ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋‚ณ๋‹ค (create conflict), ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค (establish legal standards)
Useful connectors
  • -์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ โ†’ as / depending on
  • -๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด โ†’ whereas / while on the other hand
  • -์„/๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ๊ณ  โ†’ surrounding / over an issue
  • -๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ†’ in order to
  • -๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ†’ not only โ€ฆ but also

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The Korean terms and usage patterns in this lesson were cross-checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources on ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / korean.go.kr, especially for standard meanings and public-term style. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์ƒ์—…ํ™” (commercialization) vs. ์ƒ์šฉํ™” (practical commercialization): ์ƒ์—…ํ™” stresses profit and market activity; ์ƒ์šฉํ™” stresses making a technology usable in real life or industry.
  • ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค (to secure) vs. ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋‹ค (to take early control): ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค is neutral; ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋‹ค suggests competition and first-mover advantage.
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… (space industry) vs. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‹œ์žฅ (space market): ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… is broader; ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‹œ์žฅ focuses more on commercial exchange and demand.
  • ๊ทœ์ œ (regulation) vs. ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ (legal standards): ๊ทœ์ œ can sound like restriction; ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ sounds like a system of rules or standards.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… = โ€œordinary peopleโ€ โ†’ โœ… ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… means private companies, not individual citizens. ๐Ÿข
  • โŒ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” and ์ƒ์šฉํ™” are always identical โ†’ โœ… ์ƒ์—…ํ™” stresses profit/marketization; ์ƒ์šฉํ™” stresses practical commercial use. ๐Ÿงช
  • โŒ ์ž์› ํ™•๋ณด and ์ž์› ์„ ์  have the same tone โ†’ โœ… ํ™•๋ณด is neutral, while ์„ ์  can sound competitive or politically sensitive. ๐Ÿชจ
  • โŒ Use only ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค for every action โ†’ โœ… Choose precise verbs: ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค for entering a field, ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค for launching, ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๋‹ค for mining, ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค for regulating. ๐Ÿงญ
  • โŒ Praise space tourism without nuance โ†’ โœ… Mention ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ (safety), ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ (accessibility), and ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ (economic inequality). โš–๏ธ
You now have the vocabulary fuel for a very grown-up space debate. Tiny rocket, huge nuance. ๐Ÿš€โœจ

Try this exercise

Read each sentence, choose the best advanced word or phrase for the blank, say the completed Korean sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the nuance.
1. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Private companies are entering the space industry, and launch costs are decreasing. ๐Ÿš€
Answer
์ง„์ถœ โ€” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto enter the space industry,โ€ a natural market-entry phrase. ๐Ÿข
2. ์œ„์„ฑ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If satellite launch technology is commercialized for practical use, new services can grow quickly. ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
Answer
์ƒ์šฉํ™” โ€” ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜๋‹ค emphasizes becoming practically usable in real markets. ๐Ÿงช
3. ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ๋‹ฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ท€ ์ž์›์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Countries are competing to secure rare resources on the Moon. ๐ŸŒ™
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto secure.โ€ ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋‹ค could also work if you want a stronger โ€œtake early controlโ€ nuance. ๐Ÿชจ
4. ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Space tourism is drawing attention as a profitable future industry. โœจ
Answer
๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—… โ€” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—… means โ€œfuture industry,โ€ a polished phrase for emerging sectors. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
5. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To solve the space debris issue, the international community must establish legal standards. ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
Answer
๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ€” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto establish legal standards.โ€ โš–๏ธ
6. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As private investment increases, technological innovation is being promoted. ๐Ÿ’ก
Answer
์ด‰์ง„ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto promote technological innovation.โ€ ๐Ÿ”ง
7. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ด ๋†’์€ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Companies try to generate high profit by developing reusable launch vehicles. ๐Ÿš€
Answer
์ฐฝ์ถœ โ€” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto generate profit.โ€ ๐Ÿ’ฐ
8. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž์›์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ตญ์ œ์  ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
International debate surrounding ownership of space resources is growing. ๐ŸŒŒ
Answer
๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ โ€” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ means โ€œdebate surrounding ownership.โ€ โš–๏ธ
9. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋งž์ถ”์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The government must balance public interest and profitability. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ท ํ˜• โ€” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋‹ค means โ€œto strike a balance.โ€ ๐ŸŽš๏ธ
10. ์ƒ์—…์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If commercial competition becomes excessive, protection of the space environment may be neglected. ๐ŸŒŒ
Answer
์†Œํ™€ โ€” ์†Œํ™€ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค means โ€œto become neglected.โ€ ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to enter a market/field
  • ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to become commercially/practically usable
  • ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ future industry
  • ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ legal standards
  • ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to promote
  • ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to generate
  • ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ โ†’ surrounding
  • ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋‹ค โ†’ to strike a balance
  • ์†Œํ™€ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to become neglected
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • Use ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค for market entry.
  • Use ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค with profit, value, and jobs.
  • Use ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค with standards, systems, or measures.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! The next part turns this space vocabulary into debate-ready Korean. ๐ŸŒŒ
ย 
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” The Commercialization of Space Exploration
ย 
Welcome to your advanced vocabulary launchpad for ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” (the commercialization of space exploration). Youโ€™ll practice industry nouns, policy verbs, argument connectors, and nuance traps so your Korean sounds less โ€œrocket go upโ€ and more โ€œinternational policy panel with snacks.โ€ ๐Ÿš€
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence or phrase.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each Korean sentence with the best word or phrase, read the full sentence aloud, and then open the Answer toggle to check both meaning and nuance.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Industry Nouns ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์˜ ๊ณผํ•™ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ์‹œ์žฅ ํ™œ๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅ๋˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ด๋‹ค.
The commercialization of space exploration is the phenomenon in which a government-centered science project expands into market activity. ๐Ÿš€
Answer
์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” โ€” This is the lessonโ€™s main topic: space exploration becoming linked to business and markets.
B. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ด์œค์„ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ์ด๋‹ค.
A private company is a company that participates in the space industry for profit. ๐Ÿข
Answer
๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… โ€” It means โ€œprivate company,โ€ not an ordinary individual person.
C. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ธ๊ณต์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ถค๋„์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค.
A launch vehicle is the device needed to place a satellite into orbit. ๐Ÿš€
Answer
๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด โ€” ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto launch,โ€ and ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด is the launch vehicle.
D. ํ†ต์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ด€์ธก์— ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด๋‹ค.
Satellites used for communication and observation are an important foundation of the space industry. ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
Answer
์œ„์„ฑ โ€” ์œ„์„ฑ means โ€œsatellite.โ€
E. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ธ์ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ด๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋น„ํ–‰์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋‹ค.
Space tourism is a business in which ordinary people pay to experience space flight. โœจ
Answer
์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘ โ€” In advanced writing, pair this with safety, cost, and accessibility concerns.
F. ๋‹ฌ๊ณผ ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์Ÿ์ ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Securing resources on the Moon and asteroids may become a key issue in future industries. ๐ŸŒ™
Answer
์ž์› ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ํ™•๋ณด means securing or obtaining something needed.
G. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋†’์ง€๋งŒ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ž์›์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค.
Rare resources refer to resources that are valuable but difficult to obtain. ๐Ÿชจ
Answer
ํฌ๊ท€ ์ž์› โ€” ํฌ๊ท€ means โ€œrare.โ€
H. ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ํ†ต์‹ , ๊ด€๊ด‘, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Space technology is drawing attention as a future industry connected to communication, tourism, and energy. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
Answer
๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—… โ€” This phrase is useful for polished economic discussion.
I. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๋กœ์ผ“ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋‚˜ ํ์œ„์„ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ถค๋„์— ๋‚จ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Space debris means dangerous objects left in orbit, such as rocket pieces or dead satellites. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ โ€” A key risk term in environmental and safety arguments.
J. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜๋Š” ๋„“์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ด๋‹ค.
The space industry is a broad economic field that includes many space businesses. ๐ŸŒŒ
Answer
์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… โ€” Broader than ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‹œ์žฅ, which focuses more on market exchange.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ํƒ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ƒ์—…ํ™” โ†’ commercialization of space exploration
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… โ†’ private company
  • ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด โ†’ launch vehicle
  • ์œ„์„ฑ โ†’ satellite
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘ โ†’ space tourism
  • ์ž์› ํ™•๋ณด โ†’ securing resources
  • ํฌ๊ท€ ์ž์› โ†’ rare resources
  • ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ future industry
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ โ†’ space debris
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ space industry
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Nouns build the topic frame; verbs make the argument move.
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Action Verbs ๐Ÿ”ง

A. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Several private companies are entering the space tourism market. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์ง„์ถœ โ€” ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural phrase for entering a market.
B. ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Investors are investing enormous funds in reusable launch vehicle technology. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
ํˆฌ์ž โ€” ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto invest funds.โ€
C. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์†ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Companies continue research in order to develop safer spacecraft. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ€” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto develop.โ€
D. ์ƒˆ ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ •๋ฐ€ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Precise technology is needed to successfully launch a new satellite. ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐœ์‚ฌ โ€” ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto launch a satellite.โ€
E. ์ดˆ์†Œํ˜• ์œ„์„ฑ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ จ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
If small satellite technology is commercialized for practical use, related services will diversify. ๐Ÿ“ก
Answer
์ƒ์šฉํ™” โ€” Use ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜๋‹ค when technology becomes usable in real markets.
F. ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž์›์„ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Each country tries to secure space resources reliably. ๐Ÿชจ
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค is neutral and practical.
G. ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ๊ธˆ์†์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์•„์ง ํฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค.
Technology for mining metals from asteroids still costs a great deal. โ›๏ธ
Answer
์ฑ„๊ตด โ€” ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto mineโ€ or โ€œto extract.โ€
H. ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์‹œ์žฅ์„ ๋จผ์ € ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿํ•œ๋‹ค.
Some companies compete to take early control of future markets. ๐Ÿ
Answer
์„ ์  โ€” ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋‹ค implies getting there first and gaining advantage.
I. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The government may regulate space tourism to reduce safety problems. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ทœ์ œ โ€” ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto regulate.โ€
J. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์„œ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Countries must cooperate with each other to solve the space debris problem. ๐Ÿค
Answer
ํ˜‘๋ ฅ โ€” ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto cooperate.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง„์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to enter a field/market
  • ํˆฌ์žํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to invest
  • ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to develop
  • ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to launch
  • ์ƒ์šฉํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to become commercially usable
  • ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure
  • ์ฑ„๊ตดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to mine/extract
  • ์„ ์ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to take early control
  • ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to regulate
  • ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to cooperate
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Match the verb to the object: launch satellites, mine resources, regulate tourism, enter markets.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Policy and Debate Language โš–๏ธ

A. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๋†’์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ง€๋‹Œ ๋ถ„์•ผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋œ๋‹ค.
The space industry is evaluated as a field with high economic potential. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
Answer
๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” A polished way to discuss opportunity.
B. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Private competition can promote technological innovation. ๐Ÿ’ก
Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ€” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค is a strong academic chunk.
C. ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋“ ๋‹ค.
Space development still requires enormous costs. ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ โ€” ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ means enormous or huge.
D. ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For space tourism to expand, passenger safety must be ensured. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ€” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto ensure safety.โ€
E. ๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง„๋‹ค.
If costs are too high, accessibility to space tourism decreases. ๐ŸŽŸ๏ธ
Answer
์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ€” ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ means accessibility.
F. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž์›์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์ด ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Debate over ownership of space resources is growing. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ โ€” ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ means ownership.
G. ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The international community must establish clear legal standards. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค means to establish standards.
H. ์ˆ˜์ต๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์•ฝํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If only profit is emphasized, the public value of space development may weaken. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ โ€” ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ means public interest or public value.
I. ๊ธฐ์—… ํ™œ๋™๊ณผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
The balance of profitability is important between corporate activity and social responsibility. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ โ€” Pair it with ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ for balanced debate.
J. ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Space development should proceed while considering sustainable development. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ€” A useful policy phrase for environmental and long-term planning.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ economic potential
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ†’ technological innovation
  • ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋น„์šฉ โ†’ enormous cost
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ†’ safety
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ accessibility
  • ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ โ†’ ownership
  • ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ legal standards
  • ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ โ†’ public interest/value
  • ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ โ†’ profitability
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ†’ sustainable development
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Good advanced answers name both benefits and governance problems.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Connectors and Academic Chunks ๐Ÿง 

A. ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•จ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์†๋„๋„ ๋นจ๋ผ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
As private investment increases, the growth speed of the space industry is also becoming faster. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
Answer
๋”ฐ๋ผ โ€” -์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ means โ€œasโ€ or โ€œdepending on.โ€
B. ์ƒ์—…ํ™”๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์‹ฌํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Commercialization can promote technological innovation, while also worsening safety issues. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด โ€” -๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด creates a contrast.
C. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž์›์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Conflict surrounding ownership of space resources may arise. ๐Ÿชจ
Answer
๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ โ€” Use it for debates surrounding an issue.
D. ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์€ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์žฌ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.
Companies develop reusable launch vehicles in order to lower launch costs. ๐Ÿš€
Answer
์œ„ํ•ด โ€” -๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด means โ€œin order to.โ€
E. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ด์ต๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์™€๋„ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The space industry is related not only to economic profit but also to scientific research. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ€” -๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ means โ€œnot only โ€ฆ but also.โ€
F. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The government must establish legal standards and manage private activity. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๊ณ  โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto establish standards.โ€
G. ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๋„ ํ‚ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Space tourism can generate new profit, but it can also increase economic inequality. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์ฐฝ์ถœํ•  โ€” ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto generate profit.โ€
H. ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘์•ฝ์€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
International agreements help clarify where responsibility lies. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto clarify responsibility.โ€
I. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ ์ฐฝ์ถœ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The growth of the space industry can have a positive effect on job creation. ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
์ค„ โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋‹ค means โ€œto affectโ€ or โ€œto have an influence.โ€
J. ์ƒ์—…์  ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If commercial competition intensifies, there is a risk that environmental protection will be neglected. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์†Œํ™€ โ€” ์†Œํ™€ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค means โ€œto become neglected.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • -์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ โ†’ as / depending on
  • -๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด โ†’ whereas / while
  • -์„/๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ โ†’ surrounding
  • -๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด โ†’ in order to
  • -๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ†’ not only โ€ฆ but also
  • ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to establish/prepare
  • ์ฐฝ์ถœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to generate
  • ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to clarify
  • ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋‹ค โ†’ to affect
  • ์†Œํ™€ํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to become neglected
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Connectors turn vocabulary lists into mature arguments.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ด์œค์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
A private company means a profit-seeking company, not an individual citizen. ๐Ÿข
Answer
๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… โ€” โŒ โ€œordinary personโ€ โ†’ โœ… private company.
B. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‹ค์ œ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
The process by which technology becomes usable in a real market is closer to practical commercialization. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์ƒ์šฉํ™” โ€” โŒ Treating ์ƒ์—…ํ™” and ์ƒ์šฉํ™” as always identical โ†’ โœ… ์ƒ์šฉํ™” stresses practical use.
C. ์ž์›์„ ๋จผ์ € ์ฐจ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์  ๋‰˜์•™์Šค๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ง์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The word with a strong competitive nuance of taking resources first is โ€œpreoccupation/first control.โ€ ๐Ÿ
Answer
์„ ์  โ€” โŒ Neutral securing โ†’ โœ… competitive early control.
D. ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ด€๊ด‘์„ ๋…ผํ•  ๋•Œ ๋น„์šฉ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์Šน๊ฐ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When discussing space tourism, passenger safety should be mentioned along with cost. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ€” โŒ Only praising tourism โ†’ โœ… include safety and access.
E. โ€œ์ŠคํŽ˜์ด์Šค ๋น„์ฆˆ๋‹ˆ์Šคโ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A more natural Korean expression than โ€œspace businessโ€ is โ€œspace industry.โ€ ๐ŸŒŒ
Answer
์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… โ€” โŒ Overusing English-style nouns โ†’ โœ… use standard Korean terms.
F. ์œ„์„ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋Š˜๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋™์‚ฌ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The verb for sending a satellite into the sky/orbit is โ€œto launch.โ€ ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” โŒ Using ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค for every action โ†’ โœ… choose the precise verb.
G. ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทœ์น™๊ณผ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
When the government sets rules and systems, we say it establishes legal standards. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” ๋ฒ•์  ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural chunk.
H. ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
It is important to balance public interest and profitability. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ โ€” Advanced arguments should not ignore profit, but they should balance it with public value.
I. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์“ฐ๋ ˆ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์  ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ๋‹ค.
The issue of space debris is related to sustainable development from an environmental perspective. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ means sustainable development.
J. ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ž์›์˜ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Conflict surrounding ownership of space resources becomes a reason international cooperation is necessary. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๊ตญ์ œ โ€” ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ means international cooperation.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ์—… โ†’ private company
  • ์ƒ์šฉํ™” โ†’ practical commercialization
  • ์„ ์  โ†’ early control/first-mover advantage
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ†’ safety
  • ์šฐ์ฃผ ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ space industry
  • ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to launch
  • ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to establish/prepare
  • ์ˆ˜์ต์„ฑ โ†’ profitability
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ โ†’ sustainable
  • ๊ตญ์ œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ โ†’ international cooperation
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: avoid vague verbs, English-style shortcuts, and one-sided โ€œspace is awesomeโ€ arguments.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” you can now talk about space commercialization with market vocabulary, policy nuance, and just enough rocket fuel to sound persuasive without floating away. ๐Ÿš€