🌱

Talking About Environmental Sustainability

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
ν™˜κ²½ / 지속 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Speaking
βœ…
TL;DR
  • Use ν™˜κ²½, 지속 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±, and μ‹€μ²œν•˜λ‹€ to talk about environmental sustainability in a clear, intermediate way.
  • Strong speaking answers connect problem β†’ cause β†’ practical action β†’ personal opinion.
  • Aim for balanced language: not too dramatic, not too vague.
🎧
🎧 Helper Note: Read the Korean model answers aloud. Pay attention to sentence endings like -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€, -(으)λ©΄ μ’‹κ² λ‹€, and -(으)λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€, because they make your opinion sound natural and organized.

πŸ”‘ The Big Picture

Environmental sustainability is a common intermediate speaking topic because it connects daily life, social issues, and personal responsibility. You may need to explain what people can do, compare individual and government responsibility, or give an opinion about habits like recycling, public transportation, and reducing plastic.
A strong answer usually includes:
  • The problem: μ“°λ ˆκΈ°κ°€ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 많이 λ‚˜μ™€μš”.
  • The cause: μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆμ„ 자주 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
  • The action: ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • The opinion: μž‘μ€ μ‹€μ²œλ„ κ³„μ†ν•˜λ©΄ 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.

🧩 Core Concepts / Patterns

1. Core vocabulary

Korean
Meaning
Example
ν™˜κ²½
environment
ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
지속 κ°€λŠ₯μ„±
sustainability
지속 κ°€λŠ₯성을 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ†ŒλΉ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”.
μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ
disposable products
μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 쀄이고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°
recycling separation
λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜λ‹€
to recycle
ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ„ μž¬ν™œμš©ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
λŒ€μ€‘κ΅ν†΅
public transportation
λŒ€μ€‘κ΅ν†΅μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜€μ—Όμ„ 쀄일 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
νƒ„μ†Œ 배좜
carbon emissions
νƒ„μ†Œ λ°°μΆœμ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.
μ‹€μ²œν•˜λ‹€
to put into practice
μƒν™œ μ†μ—μ„œ μž‘μ€ 일을 μ‹€μ²œν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.

2. Pattern: Problem + cause

Use -κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— or -(으)γ„΄/λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” ___ λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš” to explain causes.
  • ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ‹¬κ°ν•΄μ§€λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆμ„ 많이 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
  • μ“°λ ˆκΈ°κ°€ λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” 배달 μŒμ‹κ³Ό 포μž₯μž¬κ°€ λ§Žμ•„μ‘ŒκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
  • 곡기가 λ‚˜λΉ μ§€λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ” μžλ™μ°¨ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ 많기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
Speaking frame:
λ¬Έμ œλŠ” ___μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έ μ΄μœ λŠ” ___κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

3. Pattern: Recommendation with -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€

Use -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€ to say what people should do.
  • μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 쀄여야 ν•΄μš”.
  • μ •λΆ€λŠ” μΉœν™˜κ²½ 정책을 더 많이 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • νšŒμ‚¬λŠ” 포μž₯재λ₯Ό 쀄여야 ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
More natural intermediate answer:
κ°œμΈλ„ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό 정뢀도 μ±…μž„μ„ μ Έμ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.

4. Pattern: Personal effort with -(으)λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜λ‹€

Use this to describe habits without sounding too perfect.
  • μ €λŠ” ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”.
  • κ°€κΉŒμš΄ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” κ±Έμ–΄κ°€λ €κ³  ν•΄μš”.
  • μŒμ‹μ„ 남기지 μ•ŠμœΌλ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μš”.
This sounds natural because it shows realistic effort.

5. Pattern: Contrast with -μ§€λ§Œ / λ°˜λ©΄μ—

Use contrast to make your answer more thoughtful.
  • μΉœν™˜κ²½ μ œν’ˆμ€ λΉ„μ‹Έμ§€λ§Œ μž₯기적으둜 도움이 λΌμš”.
  • 개인의 λ…Έλ ₯도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ—…μ˜ λ³€ν™”κ°€ 더 큰 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
  • μžλ™μ°¨λŠ” νŽΈλ¦¬ν•œ λ°˜λ©΄μ— ν™˜κ²½μ—λŠ” μ’‹μ§€ μ•Šμ„ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.

βœ… Exam Strategy

When answering an intermediate speaking question about sustainability, avoid vague answers like β€œν™˜κ²½μ€ μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.” Instead, build a 4-part response.

4-part answer structure

  1. State your opinion
    • μ €λŠ” ν™˜κ²½ λ³΄ν˜Έκ°€ 우리 μƒν™œκ³Ό 직접 관련이 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
  2. Give one concrete problem
    • μš”μ¦˜ μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ λ§Žμ•„μ„œ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°κ°€ 많이 λ‚˜μ™€μš”.
  3. Suggest practical actions
    • κ·Έλž˜μ„œ ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  4. Finish with a broader point
    • μž‘μ€ μ‹€μ²œμ΄λΌλ„ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜λ©΄ 큰 λ³€ν™”κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
Model answer:
μ €λŠ” ν™˜κ²½ λ³΄ν˜Έκ°€ μ•„μ£Ό μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. μš”μ¦˜ 배달 μŒμ‹κ³Ό μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ΄ λŠ˜μ–΄μ„œ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°κ°€ 많이 λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°œμΈμ€ ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό μž˜ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ¬Όλ‘  개인의 λ…Έλ ₯λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό 정뢀도 μΉœν™˜κ²½ 정책을 μ‹€μ²œν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

⚠️ Pitfalls

  • Too vague: ν™˜κ²½μ„ λ³΄ν˜Έν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • Better: μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 쀄이고 λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • Too extreme: λͺ¨λ‘ μžλ™μ°¨λ₯Ό 타면 μ•ˆ λΌμš”.
  • Better: κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©΄ λŒ€μ€‘κ΅ν†΅μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ’‹λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
  • Only blaming others: μ •λΆ€κ°€ λ‹€ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • Better: μ •λΆ€μ˜ 정책도 ν•„μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 개인의 μž‘μ€ μ‹€μ²œλ„ μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.
  • Using English-style phrases too directly: 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•˜λ‹€.
  • Correct: 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μƒν™œ / 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ†ŒλΉ„ / 지속 κ°€λŠ₯성을 μƒκ°ν•˜λ‹€.

πŸ—£οΈ Speaking Builder

Question type 1: β€œWhat do you do for the environment?”

μ €λŠ” μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 쀄이렀고 λ…Έλ ₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μΉ΄νŽ˜μ— 갈 λ•Œ ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€κ³  κ°€κ³ , μž₯을 λ³Ό λ•Œ μž₯λ°”κ΅¬λ‹ˆλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μš”. μž‘μ€ μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄μ§€λ§Œ 계속 μ‹€μ²œν•˜λ©΄ ν™˜κ²½ λ³΄ν˜Έμ— 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.

Question type 2: β€œWho is responsible: individuals, companies, or government?”

개인의 λ…Έλ ₯도 μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ—…κ³Ό μ •λΆ€μ˜ 역할이 더 크닀고 μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. κ°œμΈμ€ μ†ŒλΉ„ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ°”κΏ€ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ, 기업은 포μž₯재λ₯Ό 쀄이고 μΉœν™˜κ²½ μ œν’ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”. 정뢀도 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‰½κ²Œ μ‹€μ²œν•  수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ œλ„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.

Question type 3: β€œIs convenience more important than the environment?”

νŽΈλ¦¬ν•¨λ„ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ λ¬΄μ‹œν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆ λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. 예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆμ€ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ“°λ ˆκΈ°λ₯Ό 많이 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€. 쑰금 λΆˆνŽΈν•˜λ”λΌλ„ μž¬μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 물건을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”.

πŸ’¬ Model Dialogue

A: ν™˜κ²½μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ν‰μ†Œμ— μ–΄λ–€ 일을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”?
B: μ €λŠ” 일회용 컡을 쀄이렀고 ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”. 또 μ§‘μ—μ„œλŠ” λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό κΌ­ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•΄μš”.
A: 그런 μž‘μ€ 행동이 정말 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”?
B: λ„€, ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 행동은 μž‘μ§€λ§Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜λ©΄ 큰 λ³€ν™”κ°€ 될 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
A: κΈ°μ—…μ΄λ‚˜ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 역할도 ν•„μš”ν• κΉŒμš”?
B: λ¬Όλ‘ μ΄μ—μš”. 개인의 λ…Έλ ₯λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” ν•œκ³„κ°€ 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 기업은 포μž₯재λ₯Ό 쀄이고 μ •λΆ€λŠ” μΉœν™˜κ²½ 정책을 더 적극적으둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.

✨ Useful Answer Chunks

Use these chunks to make your speaking answer smoother.
  • ν™˜κ²½ λ¬Έμ œλŠ” 우리 μƒν™œκ³Ό 직접 μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
  • μž‘μ€ μ‹€μ²œμ΄λΌλ„ κΎΈμ€€νžˆ ν•˜λ©΄ μ˜λ―Έκ°€ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
  • μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆ μ‚¬μš©μ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” 것이 κ°€μž₯ ν˜„μ‹€μ μΈ λ°©λ²•μ΄μ—μš”.
  • λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” μŠ΅κ΄€μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•΄μš”.
  • 개인의 λ…Έλ ₯λ§ŒμœΌλ‘œλŠ” λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
  • 기업은 μΉœν™˜κ²½ μ œν’ˆκ³Ό 포μž₯ 방식을 κ³ λ―Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‰½κ²Œ μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ œλ„λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • 쑰금 λΆˆνŽΈν•΄λ„ ν™˜κ²½μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ν•„μš”ν•œ 선택이라고 μƒκ°ν•΄μš”.
  • 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μƒν™œμ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ†ŒλΉ„ μŠ΅κ΄€μ„ λ°”κΏ”μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
  • 미래 μ„ΈλŒ€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° μ‹€μ²œν•΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.

Try this exercise

Answer each prompt in Korean. Try to use 2–4 sentences for questions 6–10.
  1. Translate: β€œWe should reduce disposable products.”
  2. Translate: β€œI try to use a tumbler.”
  3. Translate: β€œPublic transportation helps reduce pollution.”
  4. Translate: β€œRecycling separation is important.”
  5. Translate: β€œSmall actions can become a big change.”
  6. Answer: ν™˜κ²½μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ν‰μ†Œμ— 무엇을 ν•΄μš”?
  7. Answer: μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆμ„ 쀄이기 μœ„ν•΄ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”?
  8. Answer: 개인의 λ…Έλ ₯κ³Ό μ •λΆ€μ˜ μ •μ±… 쀑 무엇이 더 μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”?
  9. Answer: μΉœν™˜κ²½ μ œν’ˆμ΄ 비싸도 μ‚¬λŠ” 것이 μ’‹λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”?
  10. Give a 4-part answer about environmental sustainability: opinion, problem, action, conclusion.
Answers
  1. μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆμ„ 쀄여야 ν•΄μš”.
  2. μ €λŠ” ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μš”.
  3. λŒ€μ€‘κ΅ν†΅μ€ μ˜€μ—Όμ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” 데 도움이 λΌμš”.
  4. λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”. / λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό μ œλŒ€λ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.
  5. μž‘μ€ μ‹€μ²œμ΄ 큰 λ³€ν™”κ°€ 될 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
  6. Example: μ €λŠ” ν™˜κ²½μ„ μœ„ν•΄ ν…€λΈ”λŸ¬λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³  λΆ„λ¦¬μˆ˜κ±°λ₯Ό ν•˜λ €κ³  λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μš”.
  7. Example: μΉ΄νŽ˜μ— 갈 λ•Œ 개인 컡을 κ°€μ Έκ°€κ³ , μž₯을 λ³Ό λ•Œ μž₯λ°”κ΅¬λ‹ˆλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄ λΌμš”.
  8. Example: λ‘˜ λ‹€ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 정책이 더 큰 영ν–₯을 쀄 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ‰½κ²Œ μ‹€μ²œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ œλ„κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—μš”.
  9. Example: 쑰금 비싸도 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ©΄ μ‚¬λŠ” 것이 μ’‹λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λΆ€λ‹΄ 없이 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 가격도 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.
  10. Example: μ €λŠ” 지속 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μƒν™œμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•΄μš”. μš”μ¦˜ μΌνšŒμš©ν’ˆμ΄ λ§Žμ•„μ Έμ„œ μ“°λ ˆκΈ° λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 심각해지고 μžˆμ–΄μš”. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°œμΈμ€ μ‚¬μš©μ„ 쀄이고 기업은 포μž₯재λ₯Ό 쀄여야 ν•΄μš”. μž‘μ€ 변화라도 ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹€μ²œν•˜λ©΄ ν™˜κ²½ λ³΄ν˜Έμ— 도움이 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.

πŸ” Review Checklist

Before you finish, say one full answer aloud and check:
  • Did I mention a concrete environmental problem?
  • Did I use at least one action verb like 쀄이닀, μ‹€μ²œν•˜λ‹€, or μž¬ν™œμš©ν•˜λ‹€?
  • Did I include both personal action and broader responsibility?
  • Did my answer sound realistic, not extreme?