๐Ÿ™‡

Subject Honorific Suffix: -(์œผ)์‹œ-

Keywords
-(์œผ)์‹œ-
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Grammar
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ™‡ -(์œผ)์‹œ- [-(eu)-si-] is the subject honorific suffix: it politely honors the person doing the action or being described.
  • ๐Ÿ“In everyday polite speech, learners usually meet it as -์„ธ์š” [-se-yo] or -์œผ์„ธ์š” [-eu-se-yo]: ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š” [ga-se-yo] (go / goes honorifically), ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š” [il-geu-se-yo] (read / reads honorifically).
  • ๐Ÿงญ Use it for someone you should respect, like ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ [seon-saeng-nim] (teacher) or ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ [hal-meo-ni] (grandmother), not for yourself.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to type any sentence from this lesson and hear it read aloud. Listen especially to -์„ธ์š” [-se-yo] and -์œผ์„ธ์š” [-eu-se-yo] at the end of verbs and adjectives.
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Korean has several kinds of politeness. -(์œผ)์‹œ- [-(eu)-si-] is special because it honors the subject of the sentence โ€” the person who does the action or has the quality. ๐Ÿ™‡
Compare these two:
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์™€์š”. [seon-saeng-ni-mi wa-yo] (The teacher comes.) ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด ์˜ค์„ธ์š”. [seon-saeng-ni-mi o-se-yo] (The teacher comes, honorifically.) ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ
Both are polite sentence endings, but ์˜ค์„ธ์š” [o-se-yo] also honors the teacher as the subject.
A very common respectful subject particle is ๊ป˜์„œ [kke-seo], the honorific version of ์ด/๊ฐ€ (subject marker):
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”. [seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo o-se-yo] (The teacher comes, honorifically.) ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Honorific Family

The suffix changes shape depending on the verb/adjective stem:
  • Stem ends in a vowel โ†’ add -์‹œ-, commonly surfacing as -์„ธ์š” in polite speech.
    • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค [ga-da] (to go) โ†’ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š” [ga-se-yo] (go/goes honorifically) ๐Ÿšถ
    • ์˜ค๋‹ค [o-da] (to come) โ†’ ์˜ค์„ธ์š” [o-se-yo] (come/comes honorifically) ๐Ÿ‘‹
  • Stem ends in a consonant โ†’ add -์œผ์‹œ-, commonly surfacing as -์œผ์„ธ์š”.
    • ์ฝ๋‹ค [ik-da] (to read) โ†’ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š” [il-geu-se-yo] (read/reads honorifically) ๐Ÿ“–
    • ์•‰๋‹ค [an-da] (to sit) โ†’ ์•‰์œผ์„ธ์š” [an-jeu-se-yo] (sit/sits honorifically) ๐Ÿช‘
  • Stem ends in ใ„น โ†’ drop ใ„น, then add -์„ธ์š”.
    • ์‚ด๋‹ค [sal-da] (to live) โ†’ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š” [sa-se-yo] (live/lives honorifically) ๐Ÿ 
    • ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค [man-deul-da] (to make) โ†’ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š” [man-deu-se-yo] (make/makes honorifically) ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in a Sentence

  • ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”. [ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo sin-mu-neul il-geu-se-yo] (Grandpa reads the newspaper, honorifically.) ๐Ÿ“ฐ
    • ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ = grandpa, ์‹ ๋ฌธ = newspaper, ์ฝ๋‹ค = to read.
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๊ต์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค์„ธ์š”. [seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo gyo-si-re deul-eo-o-se-yo] (The teacher comes into the classroom, honorifically.) ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ
    • ๊ต์‹ค = classroom, ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋‹ค = to come in.
  • ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”. [hal-meo-ni-kke-seo mu-neul ye-se-yo] (Grandma opens the door, honorifically.) ๐Ÿšช
    • ์—ด๋‹ค = to open; the ใ„น drops before -์„ธ์š”: ์—ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

For the beginner-friendly polite form:
  • Vowel stem + ์„ธ์š” โ†’ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”, ์˜ค์„ธ์š”, ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
  • Consonant stem + ์œผ์„ธ์š” โ†’ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”, ์•‰์œผ์„ธ์š”, ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”
  • ใ„น-ending stem: drop ใ„น + ์„ธ์š” โ†’ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”, ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”, ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”
Special honorific verbs are also common:
  • ์žˆ๋‹ค [it-da] (to be / exist / stay) โ†’ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š” [gye-se-yo] (be/stay honorifically) ๐Ÿ 
  • ๋จน๋‹ค [meok-da] (to eat) โ†’ ๋“œ์„ธ์š” [deu-se-yo] (eat honorifically) ๐Ÿš
  • ์ž๋‹ค [ja-da] (to sleep) โ†’ ์ฃผ๋ฌด์„ธ์š” [ju-mu-se-yo] (sleep honorifically) ๐Ÿ›Œ

๐Ÿ™‡ Useful Honorific Word Kit

-(์œผ)์‹œ- is the grammar engine, but Korean honorifics also use respectful word swaps. These words help the whole sentence match the respect level. ๐Ÿงฐ
Particles and people-related words
  • ๊ป˜์„œ [kke-seo] โ†’ honorific subject marker; respectful version of ์ด/๊ฐ€. Example: ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”. [seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo o-se-yo] (The teacher comes, honorifically.) ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ
  • ๊ป˜ [kke] โ†’ honorific โ€œto/forโ€; respectful version of ์—๊ฒŒ. Example: ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜ ๋“œ๋ ค์š”. [hal-meo-ni-kke deu-ryeo-yo] (I give it to Grandma.) ๐ŸŽ
  • ๋Œ [daek] โ†’ home/house, honorifically. Example: ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ๋Œ [seon-saeng-nim daek] (the teacherโ€™s home) ๐Ÿ 
  • ์„ฑํ•จ [seong-ham] โ†’ name, honorifically. Example: ์„ฑํ•จ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์„ธ์š”? [seong-ha-mi eo-tteo-ke doe-se-yo] (What is your name? / What is your honored name?) ๐Ÿชช
  • ์—ฐ์„ธ [yeon-se] โ†’ age, honorifically. Example: ์—ฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์„ธ์š”? [yeon-se-ga eo-tteo-ke doe-se-yo] (How old are you? / What is your honored age?) ๐ŸŽ‚
Food, sleep, and daily-life words
  • ์ง„์ง€ [jin-ji] โ†’ meal, honorifically. Example: ์ง„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ์„ธ์š”. [jin-ji-reul deu-se-yo] (Please eat / They eat a meal, honorifically.) ๐Ÿš
  • ๋“œ์‹œ๋‹ค [deu-si-da] โ†’ to eat/drink honorifically. Polite form: ๋“œ์„ธ์š” [deu-se-yo]. โ˜•
  • ์ฃผ๋ฌด์‹œ๋‹ค [ju-mu-si-da] โ†’ to sleep honorifically. Polite form: ์ฃผ๋ฌด์„ธ์š” [ju-mu-se-yo]. ๐Ÿ›Œ
  • ๋ง์”€ [mal-sseum] โ†’ words/speech, honorifically. Example: ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. [mal-sseum-ha-se-yo] (Please speak / Speak, honorifically.) ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
  • ํŽธ์ฐฎ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค [pyeon-cha-neu-si-da] โ†’ to be unwell, honorifically. Polite form: ํŽธ์ฐฎ์œผ์„ธ์š” [pyeon-cha-neu-se-yo]. ๐Ÿค’
Tiny usage note: do not stack every honorific word just because you can. Choose the ones that match the situation naturally: ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ง„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ์„ธ์š” is grammatical, but in everyday conversation, ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ง„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ์„ธ์š” sounds more natural because family elders commonly pair with ์ง„์ง€. ๐Ÿš

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The function of -์‹œ- as a subject-honorific pre-final ending, the use of ๊ป˜์„œ, and common honorific words/forms such as ๋Œ, ์„ฑํ•จ, ์—ฐ์„ธ, ์ง„์ง€, ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค, ๋“œ์‹œ๋‹ค, and ์ฃผ๋ฌด์‹œ๋‹ค were cross-checked against korean.go.kr. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

These are not exact synonyms, but they often appear together in respectful Korean:
  • ์ด/๊ฐ€ [i/ga] โ†’ regular subject marker
  • ๊ป˜์„œ [kke-seo] โ†’ honorific subject marker ๐Ÿ™‡
  • -์š” [-yo] โ†’ polite sentence ending for the listener
  • -(์œผ)์‹œ- [-(eu)-si-] โ†’ honors the sentence subject
Quick contrast:
  • ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์š”. [je-ga ga-yo] (I go.) ๐Ÿšถ
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. [seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo ga-se-yo] (The teacher goes, honorifically.) ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”. โ†’ โœ… ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์š”. (Do not honor yourself with -์‹œ-.) ๐Ÿšถ
  • โŒ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ฝ์„ธ์š”. โ†’ โœ… ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”. (Consonant stem ์ฝ๋‹ค needs ์œผ์„ธ์š”; ๊ป˜์„œ is more respectful.) ๐Ÿ“ฐ
  • โŒ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์—ด์œผ์„ธ์š”. โ†’ โœ… ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”. (ใ„น drops before -์„ธ์š”.) ๐Ÿšช
  • โŒ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์ง‘์— ์žˆ์–ด์š”. โ†’ โœ… ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ๋Œ์— ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”. (For an honored personโ€™s home and presence, use ๋Œ and ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.) ๐Ÿ 
  • โŒ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋‚˜์ด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ์„ธ์š”. โ†’ โœ… ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์—ฐ์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์œผ์„ธ์š”. (Use ์—ฐ์„ธ for an honored personโ€™s age.) ๐ŸŽ‚

You now have the honorific engine: choose the right stem shape, attach -์‹œ-, and let respected subjects enter the sentence with style. ๐Ÿ™‡โœจ
ย 

Try this exercise

Instructions Fill each blank with ์„ธ์š” or ์œผ์„ธ์š”. Watch the stem ending: vowel stems take ์„ธ์š”, consonant stems take ์œผ์„ธ์š”, and ใ„น-stems drop ใ„น.
1. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐ€๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo hak-gyo-e ga ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher goes to school. ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๊ฐ€๋‹ค ends in a vowel sound: ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
2. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ง‘์— ์˜ค๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo ji-be o ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma comes home. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
3. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์‹ ๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo sin-mu-neul il ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa reads the newspaper. ๐Ÿ“ฐ
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” consonant stem ์ฝ๋‹ค needs ์œผ์„ธ์š”: ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
4. ๊ต์žฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์˜์ž์— ์•‰๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[gyo-jang seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo ui-ja-e anj ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The principal sits on the chair. ๐Ÿช‘
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์•‰๋‹ค ends in a consonant: ์•‰์œผ์„ธ์š”.
5. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ €๋…์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[eo-meo-ni-kke-seo jeo-nyeo-geul man-deu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Mother makes dinner. ๐Ÿฒ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค is a ใ„น-stem: drop ใ„น โ†’ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
6. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[a-beo-ji-kke-seo mu-neul yeo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Father opens the door. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์—ด๋‹ค drops ใ„น: ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”.
7. ์˜์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ui-sa seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo hwan-ja-reul chat ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The doctor looks for the patient. ๐Ÿฉบ
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ฐพ๋‹ค ends in a consonant: ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
8. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo jil-mu-neul ha ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher asks a question. โ“
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
9. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ์‹ค์— ๊ณ„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo geo-si-re gye ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma is in the living room. ๐Ÿ›‹๏ธ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” special honorific: ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
10. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ง„์ง€๋ฅผ ๋“œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo jin-ji-reul deu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa eats a meal. ๐Ÿš
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” special honorific: ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ป˜์„œ โ†’ honorific subject marker
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ teacher
  • ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ โ†’ grandma
  • ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ โ†’ grandpa
  • ๊ต์žฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ principal
  • ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ โ†’ mother
  • ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ โ†’ father
  • ์˜์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ doctor
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ to go
  • ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ to come
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ to read
  • ์•‰๋‹ค โ†’ to sit
  • ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ to make
  • ์—ด๋‹ค โ†’ to open
  • ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ to look for
  • ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to do
  • ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to be/stay honorifically
  • ๋“œ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to eat honorifically
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ใ„น-stems drop ใ„น before ์„ธ์š”.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below gives you fresh honorific scenes without recycling the mini exercise. ๐Ÿ™‡
ย 
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Subject Honorific Suffix: -(์œผ)์‹œ-
ย 
Welcome to the honorific gym. ๐Ÿ™‡ Here you will practice choosing ์„ธ์š”, ์œผ์„ธ์š”, ใ„น-drop forms, and special honorific verbs like ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”, ๋“œ์„ธ์š”, and ์ฃผ๋ฌด์„ธ์š”. The goal is simple: honor the right subject without making the sentence stiff, strange, or self-honorific. โœจ
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence aloud.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Fill each blank, read the completed sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle. Keep checking two things: who is being honored, and whether the stem ends in a vowel, consonant, or ใ„น.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Vowel Stems: ์„ธ์š” ๐Ÿšถ

A. ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์‹ค์— ๊ฐ€๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[gyo-su-nim-kke-seo yeon-gu-si-re ga ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The professor goes to the research office. ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿซ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๊ฐ€๋‹ค has a vowel stem: ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
B. ๋ถ€์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค์— ์˜ค๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[bu-jang-nim-kke-seo hoe-ui-si-re o ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The manager comes to the meeting room. ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ค์„ธ์š”.
C. ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[gan-ho-sa-nim-kke-seo seol-myeong-ha ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The nurse explains. ๐Ÿฉบ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
D. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo ra-di-o-reul deu-reu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma listens to the radio. ๐Ÿ“ป
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋“ฃ๋‹ค is shown here as ๋“ค์œผ-, so complete it as ๋“ค์œผ์„ธ์š”.
E. ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์†๋‹˜์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[sa-jang-nim-kke-seo son-ni-meul man-na ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The company president meets a guest. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„ธ์š”.
F. ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋จผ์ € ๋งํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-bae-nim-kke-seo meon-jeo ma-ra ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The senior speaks first. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋งํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
G. ์–ด๋ฅด์‹ ๊ป˜์„œ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[eo-reu-sin-kke-seo cheon-cheo-ni geo-reo-ga ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The elder walks away slowly. ๐Ÿšถ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋‹ค ends in a vowel stem: ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€์„ธ์š”.
H. ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[mok-sa-nim-kke-seo jo-yong-hi gi-do-ha ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The pastor prays quietly. ๐Ÿ™
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
I. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๋ณด๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo sa-ji-neul bo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa looks at a photo. ๐Ÿ“ท
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
J. ์›์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[won-jang-nim-kke-seo a-i-deu-reul gi-da-ri ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The director waits for the children. ๐Ÿง’
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜ โ†’ professor
  • ๋ถ€์žฅ๋‹˜ โ†’ manager
  • ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ nurse
  • ์‚ฌ์žฅ๋‹˜ โ†’ company president
  • ์„ ๋ฐฐ๋‹˜ โ†’ senior
  • ์–ด๋ฅด์‹  โ†’ elder
  • ๋ชฉ์‚ฌ๋‹˜ โ†’ pastor
  • ์›์žฅ๋‹˜ โ†’ director
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ to go
  • ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ to come
  • ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to explain
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ to listen
  • ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ to meet
  • ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to speak
  • ๊ฑธ์–ด๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ to walk away
  • ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to pray
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ to look/watch
  • ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ to wait
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Vowel stems usually take ์„ธ์š”.
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Consonant Stems: ์œผ์„ธ์š” ๐Ÿ“–

A. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo chae-geul il ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa reads a book. ๐Ÿ“–
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ฝ๋‹ค ends in a consonant: ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
B. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[a-beo-ji-kke-seo chang-mu-neul dat ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Father closes the window. ๐ŸชŸ
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋‹ซ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋‹ซ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
C. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo da-beul chat ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher finds the answer. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
D. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฝƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo kko-cheul bat ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma receives flowers. ๐Ÿ’
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐ›์œผ์„ธ์š”.
E. ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[gyo-su-nim-kke-seo i-reu-meul jeok ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The professor writes down a name. ๐Ÿ–Š๏ธ
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
F. ๋ถ€์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์ž ๊น ์•‰๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[bu-jang-nim-kke-seo jam-kkan anj ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The manager sits for a moment. ๐Ÿช‘
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์•‰๋‹ค โ†’ ์•‰์œผ์„ธ์š”.
G. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ž…๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[eo-meo-ni-kke-seo ko-teu-reul ip ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Mother wears a coat. ๐Ÿงฅ
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ž…๋‹ค โ†’ ์ž…์œผ์„ธ์š”.
H. ์˜์‚ฌ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์•ฝ์„ ๋„ฃ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ui-sa seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo ya-geul neo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The doctor puts in medicine. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋„ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋„ฃ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
I. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์ปจ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[a-beo-ji-kke-seo ri-mo-keo-neul nu-reu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Father presses the remote control. ๐Ÿ“บ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋‹ค ends in a vowel sound: ๋ˆ„๋ฅด์„ธ์š”. Watch out: not every English โ€œconsonant-lookingโ€ romanization means a Korean consonant stem.
J. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์น ํŒ์— ์“ฐ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo chil-pa-ne sseu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher writes on the board. ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿซ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์“ฐ๋‹ค ends in a vowel stem: ์“ฐ์„ธ์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ฑ… โ†’ book
  • ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ โ†’ window
  • ๋‹ต โ†’ answer
  • ๊ฝƒ โ†’ flower
  • ์ด๋ฆ„ โ†’ name
  • ์ฝ”ํŠธ โ†’ coat
  • ์•ฝ โ†’ medicine
  • ๋ฆฌ๋ชจ์ปจ โ†’ remote control
  • ์น ํŒ โ†’ board
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ to read
  • ๋‹ซ๋‹ค โ†’ to close
  • ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ to find/look for
  • ๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to receive
  • ์ ๋‹ค โ†’ to write down
  • ์•‰๋‹ค โ†’ to sit
  • ์ž…๋‹ค โ†’ to wear
  • ๋„ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ to put in
  • ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to press
  • ์“ฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to write
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Korean stem ending decides ์„ธ์š” vs ์œผ์„ธ์š”, not English spelling.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” ใ„น-Drop + Special Honorific Verbs ๐Ÿงฉ

A. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๋ถ€์‚ฐ์— ์‚ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo bu-sa-ne sa ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma lives in Busan. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์‚ด๋‹ค drops ใ„น: ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”.
B. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์„ ๋ฐ˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[a-beo-ji-kke-seo seon-ba-neul man-deu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Father makes a shelf. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค drops ใ„น: ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
C. ์›์žฅ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํšŒ์˜์‹ค ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[won-jang-nim-kke-seo hoe-ui-sil mu-neul yeo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The director opens the meeting-room door. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์—ด๋‹ค drops ใ„น: ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”.
D. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ•™์ƒ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo hak-saeng i-reu-meul bu-reu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher calls a studentโ€™s name. ๐Ÿ“ฃ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋‹ค ends in a vowel stem: ๋ถ€๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
E. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๊ณ„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo bang-e gye ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa is in the room. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” special honorific: ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
F. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์•„์นจ์„ ๋“œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[eo-meo-ni-kke-seo a-chi-meul deu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Mother eats breakfast. ๐Ÿš
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” special honorific: ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
G. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ผ์ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌด๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo il-jjik ju-mu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma sleeps early. ๐Ÿ›Œ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” special honorific: ์ž๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฃผ๋ฌด์„ธ์š”.
H. ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐ”์˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[gyo-su-nim-kke-seo o-neul ba-ppeu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The professor is busy today. ๐Ÿ“…
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐ”์˜์„ธ์š”.
I. ์–ด๋ฅด์‹ ๊ป˜์„œ ์š”์ฆ˜ ํŽธ์ฐฎ์œผ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[eo-reu-sin-kke-seo yo-jeum pyeon-cha-neu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The elder is unwell these days. ๐Ÿค’
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ํŽธ์ฐฎ๋‹ค is commonly used with -์œผ์‹œ-: ํŽธ์ฐฎ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
J. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์„œ์šธ์„ ์ž˜ ์•„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo seo-u-reul jal a ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher knows Seoul well. ๐Ÿ™๏ธ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์•Œ๋‹ค drops ใ„น: ์•„์„ธ์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ถ€์‚ฐ โ†’ Busan
  • ์„ ๋ฐ˜ โ†’ shelf
  • ํšŒ์˜์‹ค โ†’ meeting room
  • ๋ฐฉ โ†’ room
  • ์•„์นจ โ†’ breakfast
  • ์„œ์šธ โ†’ Seoul
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ to live
  • ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ to make
  • ์—ด๋‹ค โ†’ to open
  • ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to call
  • ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to be/stay honorifically
  • ๋“œ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to eat honorifically
  • ์ฃผ๋ฌด์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to sleep honorifically
  • ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be busy
  • ํŽธ์ฐฎ๋‹ค โ†’ to be unwell honorifically
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค โ†’ to know
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์‚ด๋‹ค, ์—ด๋‹ค, and ์•Œ๋‹ค drop ใ„น before ์„ธ์š”.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Honor the Right Subject ๐Ÿ™‡

A. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[je-ga keo-pi-reul ma-syeo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
I drink coffee. โ˜•
Answer
์š” โ€” do not honor yourself with -์‹œ-: ๋งˆ์…”์š”.
B. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo cha-reul ma-si ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa drinks tea. ๐Ÿต
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” honored subject + vowel stem: ๋งˆ์‹œ์„ธ์š”.
C. ์ €๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์žˆ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[jeo-neun ji-be it ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
I am at home. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
์–ด์š” โ€” no self-honorific: ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
D. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ง‘์— ๊ณ„๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo ji-be gye ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma is at home. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” honored person staying somewhere: ๊ณ„์„ธ์š”.
E. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[je-ga suk-je-reul ha ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
I do homework. โœ๏ธ
Answer
์š” โ€” ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜์„ธ์š” would honor yourself, so use ํ•ด์š”.
F. ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[gyo-su-nim-kke-seo gang-ui-reul ha ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The professor gives a lecture. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
G. ์ €๋Š” ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋จน๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[jeo-neun jeom-si-meul meok ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
I eat lunch. ๐Ÿฑ
Answer
์–ด์š” โ€” use the regular polite form for yourself: ๋จน์–ด์š”.
H. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๋“œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[a-beo-ji-kke-seo jeom-si-meul deu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Father eats lunch. ๐Ÿฑ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” special honorific: ๋“œ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋“œ์„ธ์š”.
I. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ์ž๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[je-ga neut-ge ja ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
I sleep late. ๐ŸŒ™
Answer
์š” โ€” no self-honorific: ์ž์š”.
J. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์ผ์ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฌด๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[eo-meo-ni-kke-seo il-jjik ju-mu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Mother sleeps early. ๐Ÿ›Œ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” special honorific: ์ฃผ๋ฌด์„ธ์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ œ/์ € โ†’ I/me
  • ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ โ†’ grandpa
  • ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ โ†’ grandma
  • ๊ต์ˆ˜๋‹˜ โ†’ professor
  • ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ โ†’ father
  • ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ โ†’ mother
  • ์ปคํ”ผ โ†’ coffee
  • ์ฐจ โ†’ tea
  • ์ˆ™์ œ โ†’ homework
  • ๊ฐ•์˜ โ†’ lecture
  • ์ ์‹ฌ โ†’ lunch
  • ๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to drink
  • ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ to be/stay
  • ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to be/stay honorifically
  • ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to do
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ to eat
  • ๋“œ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to eat honorifically
  • ์ž๋‹ค โ†’ to sleep
  • ์ฃผ๋ฌด์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ to sleep honorifically
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Honor the respected subject, not yourself.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์‹œ์žฅ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo si-jang-e-seo sa-gwa-reul sa ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma buys apples at the market. ๐ŸŽ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์‚ฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”. Do not confuse it with ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”; context tells the meaning.
B. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ œ์ฃผ๋„์— ์‚ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo je-ju-do-e sa ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa lives on Jeju Island. ๐Ÿ๏ธ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์‚ด๋‹ค drops ใ„น: ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š”.
C. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ํ•™์ƒ์„ ๋„์™€์ฃผ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo hak-saeng-eul do-wa-ju ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher helps a student. ๐ŸŽ’
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋„์™€์ฃผ์„ธ์š”. Here it is a respectful statement about the teacher.
D. ๊ต์žฅ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[gyo-jang seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo yeon-seo-reul si-ja-ka ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The principal starts the speech. ๐ŸŽค
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
E. ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ฐจ ํ‚ค๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[a-beo-ji-kke-seo cha ki-reul chat ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Father looks for the car key. ๐Ÿ”‘
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ฐพ๋‹ค ends in a consonant: ์ฐพ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
F. ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[eo-meo-ni-kke-seo ga-jok sa-ji-neul jjik ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Mother takes a family photo. ๐Ÿ“ธ
Answer
์œผ์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ฐ๋‹ค ends in a consonant: ์ฐ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
G. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์„ ์ผœ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[ha-ra-beo-ji-kke-seo tel-le-bi-jeo-neul kyeo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandpa turns on the television. ๐Ÿ“บ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์ผœ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ผœ์„ธ์š”.
H. ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ป˜์„œ ์†์„ ์”ป์œผ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[hal-meo-ni-kke-seo so-neul ssi-seu ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Grandma washes her hands. ๐Ÿงผ
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” ์”ป๋‹ค is shown here as ์”ป์œผ-, so complete it as ์”ป์œผ์„ธ์š”.
I. ์ €๋Š” ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[jeo-neun mu-neul yeol ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
I open the door. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
์–ด์š” โ€” โŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์„ธ์š” honors yourself. โœ… Use regular polite speech: ์—ด์–ด์š”.
J. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๊ป˜์„œ ๋ฌธ์„ ์—ฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
[seon-saeng-nim-kke-seo mu-neul yeo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
The teacher opens the door. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
์„ธ์š” โ€” โœ… ์—ด๋‹ค drops ใ„น: ์—ฌ์„ธ์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์‹œ์žฅ โ†’ market
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณผ โ†’ apple
  • ์ œ์ฃผ๋„ โ†’ Jeju Island
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ student
  • ์—ฐ์„ค โ†’ speech
  • ์ฐจ ํ‚ค โ†’ car key
  • ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์‚ฌ์ง„ โ†’ family photo
  • ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „ โ†’ television
  • ์† โ†’ hand
  • ๋ฌธ โ†’ door
  • ์‚ฌ๋‹ค โ†’ to buy
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ to live
  • ๋„์™€์ฃผ๋‹ค โ†’ to help
  • ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to start
  • ์ฐพ๋‹ค โ†’ to look for
  • ์ฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to take a photo
  • ์ผœ๋‹ค โ†’ to turn on
  • ์”ป๋‹ค โ†’ to wash
  • ์—ด๋‹ค โ†’ to open
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final check: respected subject? stem shape? special verb? Then choose the ending.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Honorific mode unlocked. You can now say what teachers, grandparents, doctors, and other respected people do with the right amount of Korean respect โ€” no self-honorific wobble, no rogue ใ„น, just clean -(์œผ)์‹œ- power. ๐Ÿ™‡โœจ