๐ŸŒท

Softening a Sentence: -๋„ค์š”

Keywords
-๋„ค์š”
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Grammar
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • -๋„ค์š” [-ne-yo] is a soft, polite ending used when you notice, realize, or react to something.
  • It often sounds warmer and more natural than a flat statement: ๋ง›์žˆ์–ด์š” = Itโ€™s delicious. / ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š” = Oh, itโ€™s delicious! / This is delicious.
  • Think: โ€œOh, I see/notice thatโ€ฆโ€ in polite Korean.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear the soft ending. Try ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š” [ma-sin-ne-yo], ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๋„ค์š” [nal-ssi-ga jon-ne-yo], ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋„ค์š” [bi-ga o-ne-yo], and ์ •๋ง ์˜ˆ์˜๋„ค์š” [jeong-mal ye-ppeu-ne-yo].
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

-๋„ค์š” is a polite sentence ending that shows the speaker is noticing something now, realizing something, or reacting with feeling.
It is very common in friendly daily speech.
Compare:
  • ๋ง›์žˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [ma-si-sseo-yo]
      Itโ€™s delicious. ๐Ÿฒ
  • ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
    • [ma-sin-ne-yo]
      Oh, itโ€™s delicious. / This is delicious. ๐Ÿ˜‹
Both are correct, but ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š” sounds more like you just tasted it and are reacting.

๐Ÿง  Core Meaning

Use -๋„ค์š” when you want to say:
  • โ€œOh, I notice thatโ€ฆโ€
  • โ€œI see thatโ€ฆโ€
  • โ€œWow, itโ€™sโ€ฆโ€
  • โ€œThatโ€™s pretty/interesting/good, isnโ€™t it?โ€ in a soft way
Examples:
  • ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”.
    • [nal-ssi-ga jon-ne-yo]
      The weather is nice. / Oh, the weather is nice. โ˜€๏ธ
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ๋„ค์š”.
    • [sa-ra-mi man-ne-yo]
      There are a lot of people. / Wow, itโ€™s crowded. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
  • ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ ต๋„ค์š”.
    • [saeng-gak-bo-da eo-ryeom-ne-yo]
      Itโ€™s harder than I thought. ๐Ÿค”
  • ๋ฒŒ์จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋๋„ค์š”.
    • [beol-sseo si-ga-ni i-reo-ke dwaen-ne-yo]
      Oh, itโ€™s already this late. โฐ

๐ŸŽจ Formation Rules

Attach -๋„ค์š” directly to the verb/adjective stem.

1. Action verbs + ๋„ค์š”

  • ์˜ค๋‹ค [o-da] โ†’ ์˜ค๋„ค์š” [o-ne-yo] = Oh, someone/something is coming
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค [ga-da] โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋„ค์š” [ga-ne-yo] = Oh, someone is going/leaving
  • ๋จน๋‹ค [meok-da] โ†’ ๋จน๋„ค์š” [meong-ne-yo] = Oh, someone is eating
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค [ik-da] โ†’ ์ฝ๋„ค์š” [ing-ne-yo] = Oh, someone is reading

2. Descriptive verbs / adjectives + ๋„ค์š”

  • ์ข‹๋‹ค [jo-ta] โ†’ ์ข‹๋„ค์š” [jon-ne-yo] = Oh, itโ€™s good/nice
  • ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค [ye-ppeu-da] โ†’ ์˜ˆ์˜๋„ค์š” [ye-ppeu-ne-yo] = Oh, itโ€™s pretty
  • ํฌ๋‹ค [keu-da] โ†’ ํฌ๋„ค์š” [keu-ne-yo] = Oh, itโ€™s big
  • ์ž‘๋‹ค [jak-da] โ†’ ์ž‘๋„ค์š” [jang-ne-yo] = Oh, itโ€™s small

3. ํ•˜๋‹ค verbs/adjectives + ๋„ค์š”

  • ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„ค์š” = Oh, someone is studying
  • ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋„ค์š” = Oh, someone is exercising
  • ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋„ค์š” = Oh, itโ€™s quiet
  • ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋„ค์š” = Oh, theyโ€™re kind

4. Nouns + ์ด๋„ค์š”/๋„ค์š”

With nouns, use ์ด๋„ค์š” after a consonant and ๋„ค์š” after a vowel.
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋„ค์š” = Oh, theyโ€™re a student
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋„ค์š” = Oh, theyโ€™re a teacher
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ โ†’ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ค์š” = Oh, theyโ€™re a friend
  • ์ปคํ”ผ โ†’ ์ปคํ”ผ๋„ค์š” = Oh, itโ€™s coffee

5. Past tense + ๋„ค์š”

Use past tense when you realize something already happened.
  • ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์™”๋„ค์š” = Oh, they came / it arrived
  • ๋๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š” = Oh, it ended
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน์—ˆ๋„ค์š” = Oh, someone ate it
  • ์žŠ๋‹ค โ†’ ์žŠ์—ˆ๋„ค์š” = Oh, I forgot
โš ๏ธ
Important ใ„น-stem note
Because -๋„ค์š” starts with ใ„ด, many ใ„น-stem verbs/adjectives drop ใ„น.
  • ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จธ๋„ค์š” = Oh, itโ€™s far
  • ๊ธธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ธฐ๋„ค์š” = Oh, itโ€™s long
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฌ๋„ค์š” = Oh, someone lives
  • ํŒ”๋‹ค โ†’ ํŒŒ๋„ค์š” = Oh, someone sells

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in Real Sentences

Reacting to what you see

  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๋งŽ๋„ค์š”.
    • [sa-ra-mi jeong-mal man-ne-yo]
      Wow, there are really a lot of people. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
  • ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
    • [bang-i kkae-kkeu-ta-ne-yo]
      Oh, the room is clean. ๐Ÿงน

Reacting to taste, feeling, or experience

  • ์ด ์Œ์‹ ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
    • [i eum-sik ma-sin-ne-yo]
      Oh, this food is delicious. ๐Ÿ˜‹
  • ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๋„ค์š”.
    • [saeng-gak-bo-da swim-ne-yo]
      Itโ€™s easier than I thought. ๐ŸŒฑ

Realizing something

  • ๋ฒŒ์จ 10์‹œ๋„ค์š”.
    • [beol-sseo yeol-si-ne-yo]
      Oh, itโ€™s already 10. ๐Ÿ•™
  • ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ซํ˜”๋„ค์š”.
    • [mu-ni da-chyeon-ne-yo]
      Oh, the door is closed. ๐Ÿšช

Soft compliments

  • ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์ข‹๋„ค์š”.
    • [han-gu-geo ba-reu-mi jon-ne-yo]
      Your Korean pronunciation is good. ๐Ÿ‘
  • ์˜ท์ด ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”.
    • [o-si jeong-mal jal eo-ul-li-ne-yo]
      That outfit really suits you. ๐Ÿ‘•

๐Ÿ” -๋„ค์š” vs -์•„์š”/์–ด์š” vs -๊ตฐ์š”

-์•„์š”/์–ด์š” = neutral polite statement

  • ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์š”.
    • The weather is nice.

-๋„ค์š” = noticed reaction / soft realization

  • ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”.
    • Oh, the weather is nice.

-๊ตฐ์š” = realization, often a little more formal or objective

  • ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹๊ตฐ์š”.
    • Ah, the weather is nice.
Daily learner tip: Use -๋„ค์š” for friendly, natural reactions. It is great for compliments, small talk, and polite noticing.

๐Ÿงฉ Common Patterns

1. ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ... ๋„ค์š” = more/less than I thought

  • ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ ต๋„ค์š”. = Itโ€™s harder than I thought.
  • ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€๊น๋„ค์š”. = Itโ€™s closer than I thought.
  • ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ๋„ค์š”. = There are more people than I thought.

2. ์ •๋ง ... ๋„ค์š” = really...

  • ์ •๋ง ์˜ˆ์˜๋„ค์š”. = Itโ€™s really pretty.
  • ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅด๋„ค์š”. = Itโ€™s really fast.
  • ์ •๋ง ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜์‹œ๋„ค์š”. = Youโ€™re really kind.

3. Past realization: -์•˜/์—ˆ๋„ค์š”

  • ๋ฒŒ์จ ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”. = Oh, they already arrived.
  • ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š”. = Oh, the meeting ended.
  • ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป ์•Œ์•˜๋„ค์š”. = Oh, I misunderstood / I had it wrong.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

This lesson was checked against korean.go.kr. Their guidance identifies -๋„ค as a sentence ending that can state something just realized and often carries an exclamatory feeling; ์š” adds polite listener respect. Korean.go.kr also confirms the ใ„น-drop spelling before ใ„ด-starting endings like -๋„ค์š”, such as ๋‚ฏ์„ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋‚ฏ์„œ๋„ค์š”.
Practical lesson choice: teach -๋„ค์š” as a soft polite โ€œnoticing/reactionโ€ ending for everyday conversation.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ Using -๋„ค์š” for every statement โ†’ โœ… Use it when you are reacting, noticing, or realizing.
  • โŒ ๋ฉ€๋„ค์š” โ†’ โœ… ๋จธ๋„ค์š” (ใ„น drops before ๋„ค์š”.)
  • โŒ ๊ธธ๋„ค์š” โ†’ โœ… ๊ธฐ๋„ค์š”
  • โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋„ค์š” โ†’ โœ… ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋„ค์š”
  • โŒ Thinking -๋„ค์š” only means surprise โ†’ โœ… It can be mild noticing, warm reaction, admiration, or realization.

Bottom line: -๋„ค์š” is a friendly polite ending for โ€œOh, I noticeโ€ฆโ€ It softens statements and makes reactions sound natural: ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”, ์ข‹๋„ค์š”, ๋ฒŒ์จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋๋„ค์š”. ๐ŸŒทโœจ
ย 

Try this exercise

Instructions Complete each sentence with the correct -๋„ค์š” form.
1. ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. โ˜€๏ธ
Answer
์ข‹๋„ค์š” โ€” โ€œOh, the weather is really nice.โ€
2. ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด ์Œ์‹ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿฒ
Answer
๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”
3. ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
์˜ค๋„ค์š”
4. ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฝƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐ŸŒธ
Answer
์˜ˆ์˜๋„ค์š”
5. ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋„ค์š” โ€” consonant noun + ์ด๋„ค์š”.
6. ์นœ๊ตฌ โ†’ ๋ฏผ์ˆ˜ ์”จ ์นœ๊ตฌ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ค์š” โ€” vowel noun + ๋„ค์š”.
7. ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿšถ
Answer
๋จธ๋„ค์š” โ€” ใ„น drops before ๋„ค์š”.
8. ๋๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์จ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿ•˜
Answer
๋๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š” โ€” past realization.
9. Choose the softer reaction.
โ‘  ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์š”.
โ‘ก ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋„ค์š”.
Answer
โ‘ก ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋„ค์š”. โ€” Sounds like you just noticed the room is clean.
10. ๊ธธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ. ๐Ÿ’‡
Answer
๊ธฐ๋„ค์š” โ€” ใ„น drops before ๋„ค์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‚ ์”จ โ†’ weather
  • ์Œ์‹ โ†’ food
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ to rain
  • ๊ฝƒ โ†’ flower
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ student
  • ์นœ๊ตฌ โ†’ friend
  • ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ more/less than expected
  • ํšŒ์˜ โ†’ meeting
  • ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be clean
  • ๋จธ๋ฆฌ โ†’ hair/head
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Use -๋„ค์š” when the sentence feels like a reaction.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐Ÿš€
ย 
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Softening a Sentence: -๋„ค์š”
ย 
This Practice Hub trains -๋„ค์š” for noticing, reacting, soft compliments, past realizations, nouns, and ใ„น-stem spelling. Each exercise has 10 questions, Aโ€“J. ๐Ÿงฉ
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Basic Form Builder โœ…

A. ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ข‹๋„ค์š”
B. ๋ง›์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์Œ์‹์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”
C. ์˜ˆ์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฝƒ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์˜ˆ์˜๋„ค์š”
D. ํฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
ํฌ๋„ค์š”
E. ์ž‘๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐฉ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ž‘๋„ค์š”
F. ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์˜ค๋„ค์š”
G. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฒŒ์จ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ€๋„ค์š”
H. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋จน๋„ค์š”
I. ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์นดํŽ˜๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋„ค์š”
J. ์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์ง์›๋ถ„์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์นœ์ ˆํ•˜๋„ค์š”
๐Ÿ“š
Form reminder
Stem + ๋„ค์š”
ย 
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ์ข‹๋„ค์š”
  • ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ค๋„ค์š”
  • ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋„ค์š”
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Noticing and Reactions ๐Ÿ‘€

A. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ๋‹ค โ†’ ์™€, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋งŽ๋„ค์š”
B. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์–ด, ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์˜ค๋„ค์š”
C. ๋ˆˆ์ด ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐ–์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์˜ค๋„ค์š”
D. ๋ฌธ์ด ์—ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฌธ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์—ด๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”
E. ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋„ค์š”
F. ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์‰ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์‰ฝ๋„ค์š”
G. ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์–ด๋ ต๋„ค์š”
H. ์ •๋ง ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋น ๋ฅด๋„ค์š”
I. ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ถฅ๋„ค์š”
J. ๋ฐฉ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋„ค์š”
๐Ÿ’ก
Reaction feeling
-๋„ค์š” is great when you just noticed something:
  • โ€œOh, itโ€™s...โ€
  • โ€œWow, there is...โ€
  • โ€œI see that...โ€
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Nouns and Past Realizations ๐Ÿ•˜

A. ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ๊ทธ๋ถ„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋„ค์š”
B. ์˜์‚ฌ โ†’ ๋ฏผ์ง€ ์”จ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์˜์‚ฌ๋„ค์š”
C. ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ ์ €๋ถ„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋„ค์š”
D. ์ปคํ”ผ โ†’ ์ด๊ฑด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ปคํ”ผ๋„ค์š”
E. ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฒŒ์จ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋„ค์š”
F. ๋๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์ˆ˜์—…์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š”
G. ๋‹ซํžˆ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฌธ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋‹ซํ˜”๋„ค์š”
H. ์žŠ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์žŠ์—ˆ๋„ค์š”
I. ์ž˜๋ชป ์•Œ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ž˜๋ชป ์•Œ์•˜๋„ค์š”
J. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ทธ์ณค๋„ค์š”
๐Ÿ“Œ
Nouns
  • Consonant noun โ†’ ์ด๋„ค์š”
  • Vowel noun โ†’ ๋„ค์š”
ย 
Past realization
  • ์™”๋„ค์š”
  • ๋๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š”
  • ์žŠ์—ˆ๋„ค์š”
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” ใ„น-Stem Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ๋ฉ€๋„ค์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋จธ๋„ค์š”
B. โŒ ๊ธธ๋„ค์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋„ค์š”
C. โŒ ๋‹ฌ๋„ค์š” โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋‹ค๋„ค์š”
D. โŒ ์‚ฌ๋„ค์š” means? ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
Can mean ์‚ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฌ๋„ค์š” = โ€œOh, someone lives,โ€ depending on context. It can also come from ์‚ฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ์‚ฌ๋„ค์š” = โ€œOh, someone buys.โ€ Context matters.
E. ํŒ”๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋นต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
ํŒŒ๋„ค์š”
F. ๋†€๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋…ธ๋„ค์š”
G. ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์ผ€์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ์ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋งŒ๋“œ๋„ค์š”
H. ์—ด๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฌธ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์—ฌ๋„ค์š”
I. ๋‚ฏ์„ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋‚ฏ์„œ๋„ค์š”
J. ๊ฐ€๋Š˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์„ ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ€๋А๋„ค์š”
โš ๏ธ
ใ„น-drop rule
When a ใ„น-stem meets an ending that starts with ใ„ด, the ใ„น often drops.
ย 
  • ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จธ๋„ค์š”
  • ๊ธธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ธฐ๋„ค์š”
  • ํŒ”๋‹ค โ†’ ํŒŒ๋„ค์š”
  • ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋„ค์š”
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Real-Life Mini Dialogues ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ

A. You taste soup.
์™€, ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”
B. You walk outside.
์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ข‹๋„ค์š”
C. You notice the bus arriving.
๋ฒ„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์˜ค๋„ค์š”
D. You realize itโ€™s already late.
๋ฒŒ์จ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋๋„ค์š”
E. You compliment someoneโ€™s Korean.
ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ž˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
ํ•˜์‹œ๋„ค์š”
F. You expected it to be hard, but itโ€™s easy.
์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์‰ฝ๋„ค์š”
G. You notice the store is far.
์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋จธ๋„ค์š”
H. You realize the meeting ended.
ํšŒ์˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฒŒ์จ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š”
I. You meet someone and realize theyโ€™re a teacher.
์•„, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
์ด๋„ค์š”
J. You see a clean desk.
์ฑ…์ƒ์ด ์ •๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋„ค์š”
โœ…
Final practical rule
Use -๋„ค์š” when your sentence is a polite reaction:
  • Oh, itโ€™s delicious.
  • Wow, itโ€™s crowded.
  • I see it ended.
  • Youโ€™re really good at Korean.
ย 
It makes your Korean sound warmer and more conversational.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Softening grammar unlocked. With -๋„ค์š”, simple statements become natural reactions: ๋ง›์žˆ๋„ค์š”, ์ข‹๋„ค์š”, ๋ฒŒ์จ ๋๋‚ฌ๋„ค์š”. ๐ŸŒทโœจ