๐ŸŒˆ

Societal Tolerance and Pluralism

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ / ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ / ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ / ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿงญ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿซฑ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ means respecting peopleโ€™s rights and dignity even when their values, customs, or opinions differ from yours.
  • ๐ŸŒˆ ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ describes a society where multiple values, identities, and ways of life can coexist without one โ€œcorrectโ€ model swallowing the rest.
  • ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” is not magic conflict erasure; it means reducing tension so dialogue, compromise, and coexistence become possible.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
Type any Korean term or sentence from this lesson into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it read aloud. For advanced vocabulary, listen to the whole phrase โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค (to practice social tolerance), ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค (to respect pluralistic values), and ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to ease conflict) โ€” not just the single word. ๐ŸŽ™๏ธ
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

A society is rarely made of one neat opinion, one lifestyle, or one value system. People differ by region, generation, religion, ethnicity, gender, class, political view, profession, and personal experience. Advanced Korean discussion often uses ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ (social tolerance), ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ (pluralism), ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (diversity), and ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” (conflict mitigation) to describe how those differences can coexist without turning every disagreement into a tiny thunderstorm. โ›ˆ๏ธ
These words are common in essays, policy writing, opinion columns, social science texts, and debate-style speaking. They are especially useful for topics like multicultural society, public education, minority rights, regional conflict, workplace inclusion, democratic culture, and civic dialogue. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
The key nuance: this lesson is not about โ€œeveryone agrees.โ€ It is about how people can disagree without dehumanizing each other. That is where Korean phrases like ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค (to acknowledge differences), ์ƒํ˜ธ ์กด์ค‘์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋‹ค (to be based on mutual respect), and ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค (to reduce social conflict) become powerful. ๐Ÿงฉ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Societal Tolerance and Pluralism Family

๐Ÿซฑ 1. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ โ€” social tolerance

์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ means the social capacity to accept, respect, or coexist with differences. ๊ด€์šฉ (tolerance) is not the same as agreement; it means allowing space for people, beliefs, or lifestyles you may not personally share.
Useful phrase families:
  • ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๋ฒ ํ’€๋‹ค โ†’ to show tolerance
  • ๊ด€์šฉ์  ํƒœ๋„ โ†’ tolerant attitude
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ social tolerance is lacking
  • ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to acknowledge differences
  • ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respect the other personโ€™s rights
Nuance note ๐Ÿง : ๊ด€์šฉ can sound more deliberate and ethical than simply โ€œbeing nice.โ€ It suggests restraint, respect, and willingness to coexist.

๐ŸŒˆ 2. ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ โ€” pluralism

๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ means pluralism: the idea that many values, identities, viewpoints, and ways of life can coexist in one society.
Useful phrase families:
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ โ†’ pluralistic society
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ pluralistic values
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to recognize pluralism
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be based on pluralism
  • ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ multiple values coexist
Nuance note ๐Ÿ™๏ธ: ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ is broader than ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ describes the fact that differences exist; ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ describes a social principle that accepts those differences as legitimate.

๐Ÿงบ 3. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” diversity

๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ means diversity. It can refer to culture, language, religion, ethnicity, gender, life experience, region, age, profession, thought, and values.
Useful phrase families:
  • ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respect diversity
  • ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to acknowledge diversity
  • ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to embrace diversity
  • ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ cultural diversity
  • ์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ diversity of opinions
Nuance note ๐ŸŽจ: ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค (to embrace/include) is stronger than simply ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค (to acknowledge). A society may acknowledge diversity on paper but fail to embrace it in daily life.

๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ 4. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” โ€” conflict mitigation

๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” means reducing the intensity of conflict. It does not necessarily mean solving the root problem completely.
Useful phrase families:
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease conflict
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute to conflict mitigation
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ conflict deepens
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to mediate conflict
  • ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to create a forum for dialogue
Nuance note ๐Ÿงฏ: ์™„ํ™” (mitigation/easing) is softer than ํ•ด๊ฒฐ (resolution). If tension drops but the issue remains, ์™„ํ™” is usually the better word.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

Pattern 1: A๋Š” B๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” A contributes to easing B

  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ์€ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • (Social tolerance can contribute to easing conflict between groups.) ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
      Notes: ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ means โ€œbetween groups,โ€ and ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto contribute.โ€

Pattern 2: A๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” B์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜๋‹ค โ€” the attitude of recognizing A becomes the foundation of B

  • ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
    • (The attitude of acknowledging diversity becomes the foundation of a pluralistic society.) ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
      Notes: ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ means โ€œfoundation,โ€ and ํƒœ๋„ means โ€œattitude.โ€

Pattern 3: A๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด B๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค โ€” if A is lacking, B may deepen

  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ์ด ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • (If social tolerance is lacking, prejudice and exclusion may intensify.) ๐Ÿšง
      Notes: ํŽธ๊ฒฌ means โ€œprejudice,โ€ ๋ฐฐ์ œ means โ€œexclusion,โ€ and ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto deepen/intensify.โ€

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Use these terms as academic noun phrases with action verbs:
  • Noun + ์„/๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respect something
    • ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค (to respect diversity), ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค (to respect the other personโ€™s rights)
  • Noun + ์„/๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to acknowledge/recognize something
    • ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค (to acknowledge differences), ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค (to recognize pluralism)
  • Noun + ์„/๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease/mitigate something
    • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to ease conflict), ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to ease tension)
  • Noun + ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute to something
    • ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to contribute to social integration), ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to contribute to conflict mitigation)
There is no special irregular conjugation here; the challenge is choosing the right collocation. Vocabulary ninja work, not grammar gymnastics. ๐Ÿฅท

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The core meanings and usage of ๊ด€์šฉ (tolerance/generosity), ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ (pluralism), ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (diversity), ์™„ํ™” (mitigation/easing), and related verbs were cross-checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources at korean.go.kr. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๊ด€์šฉ (tolerance) โ†” ํฌ์šฉ (embrace/inclusion)
    • ๊ด€์šฉ focuses on allowing/respecting difference; ํฌ์šฉ is warmer and more active, closer to including or embracing someone.
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ (pluralism) โ†” ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ฃผ์˜ (multiculturalism)
    • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ covers many kinds of values and identities; ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™”์ฃผ์˜ focuses especially on cultural and ethnic diversity.
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” (conflict mitigation) โ†” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ (conflict resolution)
    • ์™„ํ™” means reducing tension; ํ•ด๊ฒฐ means solving the underlying problem.
  • ๊ณต์กด (coexistence) โ†” ํ†ตํ•ฉ (integration)
    • ๊ณต์กด emphasizes living together while remaining different; ํ†ตํ•ฉ emphasizes forming a more unified whole.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๊ด€์šฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ๊ด€์šฉ์€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์ด๋‹ค. (Tolerance is not agreement; it is respect despite disagreement.) ๐Ÿซฑ
  • โŒ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค. (Diversity does not mean chaos; it means differences exist.) ๐Ÿงบ
  • โŒ ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์ด๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์›๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค. (Pluralism is not individualism; it is a principle of coexistence.) ๐ŸŒˆ
  • โŒ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”๋Š” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. (Mitigation reduces tension; resolution solves the problem.) ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
  • โŒ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค. โ†’ โœ… ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์™„ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (Ignoring differences rarely helps; recognition and dialogue reduce conflict.) ๐Ÿ’ฌ

You now have a polished vocabulary toolkit for discussing difference without sounding like a tiny shouting committee. Use ๊ด€์šฉ, ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ, and ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™” to make your Korean arguments calmer, sharper, and more humane. ๐ŸŒฟ
ย 

Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean word or phrase. Read the full sentence first, choose the term that fits the meaning, then open the Answer toggle to check the nuance. ๐Ÿง 
1. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
(To respect people with different opinions, social tolerance is necessary.) ๐Ÿซฑ
Answer
๊ด€์šฉ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ means respecting difference without requiring agreement.
2. ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(In modern society, pluralistic societies where multiple values coexist are expanding.) ๐Ÿ™๏ธ
Answer
๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ โ€” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ is the standard phrase for โ€œpluralistic society.โ€
3. ๊ธฐ์—…์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์กฐ์ง์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Companies should respect organizational diversity to find creative solutions.) ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto respect diversity.โ€
4. ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
(To reduce tension between generations, dialogue that eases conflict is necessary.) ๐Ÿ‘ต
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto ease/mitigate conflict.โ€
5. ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If people do not acknowledge one anotherโ€™s differences, prejudice may grow.) ๐Ÿšง
Answer
์ธ์ • โ€” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto acknowledge differences.โ€
6. ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
(An attitude that embraces cultural diversity is important in the international community.) ๐ŸŒ
Answer
ํฌ์šฉ โ€” ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค is stronger than acknowledging; it means to embrace or include.
7. ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Policy makers should listen to various groups and contribute to social integration.) ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐ์—ฌ โ€” A์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto contribute to A.โ€
8. ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
(Respecting minority rights becomes an important foundation of a democratic society.) ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ โ€” ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto become the foundation.โ€
9. ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ์ž‘์€ ์˜คํ•ด๋„ ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If differences are ignored, even a small misunderstanding can spread into conflict between groups.) ๐Ÿ”ฅ
Answer
๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ€” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋‹ค means โ€œto spread into conflict.โ€
10. ์ƒํ˜ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ณต์กด์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
(Coexistence becomes possible when people talk based on mutual respect.) ๐Ÿค
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์กด์ค‘ means โ€œmutual respect.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ด€์šฉ โ†’ tolerance
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ โ†’ pluralism
  • ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ diversity
  • ์™„ํ™” โ†’ mitigation/easing
  • ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to acknowledge
  • ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to embrace/include
  • ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute
  • ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ โ†’ foundation
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ†’ conflict
  • ์กด์ค‘ โ†’ respect
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • Use ์™„ํ™” when tension goes down.
  • Use ํ•ด๊ฒฐ only when the problem is actually solved.
  • ํฌ์šฉ feels more active than ์ธ์ •.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Head into the Practice Hub below when youโ€™re ready to make these terms feel automatic. ๐ŸŒฟ
ย 
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Societal Tolerance and Pluralism
ย 
Welcome to your advanced vocabulary gym for societal tolerance and pluralism. Youโ€™ll practice choosing precise terms, recognizing natural collocations, and avoiding meaning traps around tolerance, diversity, coexistence, and conflict mitigation. Tiny civil-society muscles, big essay payoff. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence or phrase aloud.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Fill each blank with the best Korean word or phrase. Say the completed sentence aloud, check whether the collocation sounds natural, then open the Answer toggle for the nuance note.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Tolerance and Respect ๐Ÿซฑ

A. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
(In a democratic society, social tolerance toward different opinions is important.) ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๊ด€์šฉ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ is the core phrase for social tolerance.
B. ํ† ๋ก ์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๋™์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(A debater should respect the other personโ€™s rights even without agreeing with their argument.) ๐ŸŽ™๏ธ
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto respect rights.โ€
C. ๊ต์‹ค์—์„œ ๊ด€์šฉ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋œ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•œ๋‹ค.
(If a tolerant attitude is fostered in the classroom, students fear differences less.) ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿซ
Answer
ํƒœ๋„ โ€” ๊ด€์šฉ์  ํƒœ๋„ means โ€œtolerant attitude.โ€
D. ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ๊ฑธ์Œ์ด๋‹ค.
(Listening to minority voices is the first step in practicing social tolerance.) ๐Ÿ‘‚
Answer
์‹ค์ฒœ โ€” ๊ด€์šฉ์„ ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto practice tolerance.โ€
E. ๋ฌด๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ ๊ด€์šฉ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Indifference is not tolerance; it may be an attitude of ignoring othersโ€™ difficulties.) ๐ŸงŠ
Answer
์™ธ๋ฉด โ€” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto turn away from difficulties.โ€
F. ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜คํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค.
(Unnecessary misunderstandings decrease when people acknowledge one anotherโ€™s differences.) ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์ธ์ • โ€” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค is a key phrase for acknowledging differences.
G. ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(To reduce prejudice, one must first examine stereotypes about a particular group.) ๐Ÿชž
Answer
์„ฑ์ฐฐ โ€” ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to reflect critically on oneโ€™s own thinking.
H. ๊ด€์šฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃผ์žฅ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Tolerance does not mean agreeing with every claim.) โœ…
Answer
์ฐฌ์„ฑ โ€” This checks the pitfall: tolerance is not the same as agreement.
I. ๊ณต๊ณต์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค.
(Respectful behavior toward other cultures in public places shows social tolerance.) ๐Ÿš‡
Answer
๊ด€์šฉ โ€” Here ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ fits better than a vague word like โ€œkindness.โ€
J. ์ƒํ˜ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋น„๋‚œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ค.
(Without mutual respect, dialogue easily turns into criticism.) ๐Ÿ’ฌ
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์ƒํ˜ธ ์กด์ค‘ means โ€œmutual respect.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ โ†’ social tolerance
  • ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respect
  • ๊ด€์šฉ์  ํƒœ๋„ โ†’ tolerant attitude
  • ์‹ค์ฒœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to practice/put into action
  • ์™ธ๋ฉดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to turn away from/ignore
  • ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to acknowledge
  • ์„ฑ์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reflect critically
  • ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to agree/support
  • ์ƒํ˜ธ ์กด์ค‘ โ†’ mutual respect
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๊ด€์šฉ means respecting space for difference, not blindly approving every opinion.

Exercise 2 โ€” Pluralism and Coexistence ๐ŸŒˆ

A. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ๊ณต์กดํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(A society where multiple values coexist can be called a pluralistic society.) ๐Ÿ™๏ธ
Answer
๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ โ€” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ is the target collocation.
B. ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋งŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
(Pluralism does not force only one way of life.) ๐Ÿ›ค๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ•์š” โ€” ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto force/impose.โ€
C. ์ง€์—ญ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
(An attitude that recognizes different regional cultures connects to pluralistic values.) ๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ means โ€œpluralistic values.โ€
D. ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ๊ต์œก์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Education based on pluralism introduces students to diverse perspectives.) ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ โ€” A์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ B means โ€œB based on A.โ€
E. ์‚ฌํšŒ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ ๋…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Members of society should learn the possibility of coexistence among different beliefs.) ๐Ÿ•ฏ๏ธ
Answer
๊ณต์กด โ€” ๊ณต์กด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means โ€œpossibility of coexistence.โ€
F. ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(Pluralism is not the same as individualism, which emphasizes only individual freedom.) ๐Ÿง
Answer
๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ โ€” This checks the pitfall: ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ is not simply ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜.
G. ์ข…๊ต์  ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
(Institutions that recognize religious differences help strengthen pluralism.) ๐Ÿ›•
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto strengthen.โ€
H. ๊ณต์กด์€ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ ์ฑ„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
(Coexistence is not erasing differences but living together while acknowledging them.) ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ
Answer
์‚ด์•„ โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค means โ€œto live together / coexist in practice.โ€
I. ํš์ผ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€๋งŒ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If only uniform standards are applied, pluralistic thinking may be weakened.) ๐Ÿ“
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be weakened.โ€
J. ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(In a pluralistic society, different identities should be able to be respected.) ๐Ÿชช
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›๋‹ค means โ€œto be respected.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ โ†’ pluralism
  • ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to force/impose
  • ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ pluralistic values
  • ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be based on
  • ๊ณต์กด โ†’ coexistence
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ โ†’ individualism
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
  • ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ to live on/live through
  • ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be weakened
  • ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to be respected
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ is a social principle; ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ is the presence of differences.

Exercise 3 โ€” Diversity and Inclusion ๐Ÿงบ

A. ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
(A society that respects cultural diversity can more easily accept new perspectives.) ๐ŸŽญ
Answer
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ means โ€œcultural diversity.โ€
B. ์กฐ์ง์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ ฅ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.
(An organizationโ€™s problem-solving ability improves when it embraces members with diverse experiences.) ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
ํฌ์šฉ โ€” ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto embrace/include.โ€
C. ์˜๊ฒฌ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ํ† ๋ก ์ด ๋” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(When diversity of opinions is acknowledged, discussion can become richer.) ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
์ธ์ • โ€” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค is a common academic phrase.
D. ์ฑ„์šฉ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
(Efforts are needed to secure diversity of backgrounds in the hiring process.) ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto secure diversity.โ€
E. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Diversity does not mean disorder; it means the existence of different elements.) ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์กด์žฌ โ€” This checks the pitfall: diversity is not chaos.
F. ํฌ์šฉ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
(An inclusive atmosphere makes members able to express their perspectives.) ๐Ÿ—จ๏ธ
Answer
ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ โ€” ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto express.โ€
G. ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋„“์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
(When experiences of different generations are respected, social understanding broadens.) ๐Ÿ‘ต
Answer
์ดํ•ด โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ดํ•ด means social understanding.
H. ๋‹ค๋ฌธํ™” ๊ฐ€์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์กด์ค‘์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
(Reducing prejudice toward multicultural families is an example of respecting diversity.) ๐Ÿก
Answer
์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ€” ์‚ฌ๋ก€ means โ€œcase/example.โ€
I. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํŠน์ • ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง๊ณผ ํ–‰๋™์ด ๋ชจ์ˆœ๋œ๋‹ค.
(If one talks about diversity while excluding a particular group, words and actions contradict each other.) ๐Ÿšช
Answer
๋ฐฐ์ œ โ€” ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto exclude.โ€
J. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ต์œก์€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Education that respects diversity can develop studentsโ€™ empathy.) ๐Ÿ’—
Answer
๊ธฐ๋ฅผ โ€” ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋‹ค means โ€œto develop/foster.โ€
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ diversity
  • ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to embrace/include
  • ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to acknowledge
  • ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to secure
  • ์กด์žฌ โ†’ existence
  • ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to express
  • ์ดํ•ด โ†’ understanding
  • ์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ†’ example/case
  • ๋ฐฐ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to exclude
  • ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to develop/foster
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค is active inclusion; ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค is acknowledging something as valid or real.

Exercise 4 โ€” Conflict Mitigation and Dialogue ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ

A. ์„ธ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์„œ๋กœ์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋“ฃ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
(To ease conflict between generations, a process of listening to each otherโ€™s experiences is necessary.) ๐Ÿ‘‚
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto ease conflict.โ€
B. ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ง์„ ๋Š์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
(Not interrupting the other person helps reduce tension.) ๐Ÿค
Answer
์™„ํ™” โ€” ๊ธด์žฅ ์™„ํ™” means โ€œtension easing.โ€
C. ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ฐ„ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Fair procedures reduce distrust between groups and contribute to conflict mitigation.) โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐ์—ฌ โ€” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto contribute to easing conflict.โ€
D. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If conflict is ignored, the problem may deepen rather than disappear.) ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œconflict deepens.โ€
E. ์ค‘๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž๋Š” ์–‘์ธก์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(A neutral facilitator plays the role of mediating both sidesโ€™ opinions.) ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto mediate/coordinate opinions.โ€
F. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ’€์–ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”๋Š” ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
(Conflict resolution solves the problem; conflict mitigation reduces tension.) ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
์ค„์ด๋Š” โ€” This checks the key distinction between ํ•ด๊ฒฐ and ์™„ํ™”.
G. ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ด ํญ๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฒˆ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If a forum for dialogue is prepared, confrontation can be prevented from spreading into violence.) ๐Ÿช‘
Answer
์žฅ โ€” ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto create a forum for dialogue.โ€
H. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ์ •์ ์ธ ๋น„๋‚œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์ด ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
(To ease conflict, rational explanation is more effective than emotional criticism.) ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์ด์„ฑ โ€” ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช… means โ€œrational explanation.โ€
I. ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ธ๋‹ค.
(Questions that confirm the other personโ€™s concerns reduce unnecessary misunderstanding.) โ“
Answer
์˜คํ•ด โ€” ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค means โ€œto reduce misunderstanding.โ€
J. ์ผ๋ฐฉ์ ์ธ ๋ช…๋ น์€ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(One-sided orders can cause conflict escalation rather than conflict mitigation.) ๐Ÿ“ฃ
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ™” is the opposite direction of ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease/mitigate
  • ๊ธด์žฅ ์™„ํ™” โ†’ easing tension
  • ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute
  • ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to deepen/intensify
  • ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to mediate/coordinate
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce
  • ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ โ†’ forum for dialogue
  • ์ด์„ฑ์  โ†’ rational
  • ์˜คํ•ด โ†’ misunderstanding
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์‹ฌํ™” โ†’ conflict escalation/deepening
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์™„ํ™” lowers intensity; ํ•ด๊ฒฐ fixes the underlying issue.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ๊ด€์šฉ์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์˜๊ฒฌ์— ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์ด๋‹ค.
(Tolerance is not agreeing with every opinion; it is an attitude of acknowledging difference.) ๐Ÿซฑ
Answer
์ธ์ • โ€” โŒ ๊ด€์šฉ = ์ฐฌ์„ฑ โ†’ โœ… ๊ด€์šฉ = ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„.
B. ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์งˆ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์ด๋‹ค.
(Diversity is not disorder; it is a state where different elements exist together.) ๐Ÿงบ
Answer
์กด์žฌ โ€” โŒ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ = ํ˜ผ๋ž€ โ†’ โœ… ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ = ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์š”์†Œ์˜ ์กด์žฌ.
C. ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ์›๋ฆฌ์ด๋‹ค.
(Pluralism is not individualism; it is a principle that recognizes coexistence among multiple values.) ๐ŸŒˆ
Answer
๊ณต์กด โ€” โŒ ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ = ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฃผ์˜ โ†’ โœ… ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ = ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜์˜ ๊ณต์กด.
D. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์™„ํ™”๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
(Conflict mitigation is not completely solving the problem; it is the process of reducing tension.) ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
์ค„์ด๋Š” โ€” โŒ ์™„ํ™” = ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ โœ… ์™„ํ™” = ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค.
E. ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If the other personโ€™s differences are ignored, conflict may deepen rather than disappear.) ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ
Answer
์‹ฌํ™” โ€” โŒ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
F. ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Beyond acknowledging cultural diversity, people must actually be included/embraced.) ๐Ÿคฒ
Answer
ํฌ์šฉ โ€” ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค is more active than ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค.
G. ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กด์ค‘๋ฐ›๋Š” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์œ„์—์„œ ๋” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
(Democracy becomes healthier on a pluralistic foundation where different voices are respected.) ๐Ÿ—ณ๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ โ€” ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ means โ€œpluralistic foundation.โ€
H. ํŽธ๊ฒฌ๊ณผ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Policies that reduce prejudice and exclusion can contribute to social integration.) ๐Ÿงท
Answer
๊ธฐ์—ฌ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ ํ†ตํ•ฉ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค is a natural academic collocation.
I. ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์™€ ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋” ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
(The more confrontation intensifies, the more fair procedures and a forum for dialogue become necessary.) โš–๏ธ
Answer
์žฅ โ€” ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ is a fixed phrase meaning โ€œforum for dialogue.โ€
J. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€์šฉ๊ณผ ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฐจ์ด์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค.
(Social tolerance and pluralism do not erase difference; they seek ways to live together with difference.) ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ
Answer
์‚ด์•„ โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค captures practical coexistence.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to acknowledge
  • ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to exist
  • ๊ณต์กด โ†’ coexistence
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce
  • ์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to deepen/intensify
  • ํฌ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to embrace/include
  • ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ โ†’ foundation
  • ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contribute
  • ๋Œ€ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ โ†’ forum for dialogue
  • ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ to live on/live through
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final check: ๊ด€์šฉ is not agreement, ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ is not chaos, ๋‹ค์›์ฃผ์˜ is not individualism, and ์™„ํ™” is not full resolution.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” you can now discuss social tolerance and pluralism with vocabulary that sounds precise, calm, and essay-ready. May your Korean arguments be sharp, humane, and dramatically less shouty. ๐ŸŒฟ