🚻

Public Facilities: Restroom, Elevator, Stairs

Keywords
ν™”μž₯μ‹€ / μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° / 계단
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Vocabulary
🎯
TL;DR
  1. ν™”μž₯μ‹€ = restroom / bathroom (noun) 🚻
  1. μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° = elevator (noun) πŸ›—
  1. 계단 = stairs (noun) πŸͺœ
  1. μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° = escalator (noun) ⬆️
  1. 비상ꡬ = emergency exit (noun) πŸšͺ
πŸ”Š
Iru Helper Note
Try this: ν™”μž₯싀은 μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° μ˜†μ— μžˆμ–΄μš”. μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜λ©΄ κ³„λ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°, λ˜λŠ” 비상ꡬλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
(The restroom is next to the elevator. If the elevator breaks down, use the stairs, the escalator, or the emergency exit.)
Β 

🌈 The Big Picture

Navigating buildings β€” malls, subways, offices β€” means knowing how to find and talk about the basics: where the restroom is, how to get from floor to floor, and what to do in an emergency. ν™”μž₯μ‹€, μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, 계단, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°, and 비상ꡬ are the five signs you'll see most often, and knowing them means never feeling lost in a building again. 🏒🧭

🎨 The Core Public Facilities Family

1. ν™”μž₯μ‹€ β€” restroom / bathroom 🚻
The standard word for "restroom" or "bathroom" in public places.
  • ν™”μž₯싀이 μ–΄λ””μ˜ˆμš”? (Where's the restroom?)
  • ν™”μž₯μ‹€ μ’€ 써도 λΌμš”? (Can I use the restroom?)
β€” Grammar note: ν™”μž₯싀에 κ°€λ‹€ = "to go to the restroom"; λ‚¨μž/μ—¬μž ν™”μž₯μ‹€ = "men's/women's restroom."
2. μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° β€” elevator πŸ›—
A loanword for "elevator."
  • μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°λ₯Ό νƒ€μš”. (I take the elevator.)
  • μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚¬μ–΄μš”. (The elevator is broken.)
β€” Grammar note: ~을/λ₯Ό 타닀 = "to ride/take" β€” used for elevators, escalators, and all transportation.
3. 계단 β€” stairs πŸͺœ
The standard word for "stairs" or "staircase."
  • κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μš”. (I'll go by the stairs.)
  • 계단을 μ˜¬λΌκ°€μš”/λ‚΄λ €κ°€μš”. (I go up/down the stairs.)
β€” Grammar note: κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ = "by stairs" (means of movement, marked with 둜); μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€ = "go up/down."
4. μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° β€” escalator ⬆️
A loanword for "escalator" (moving stairs).
  • μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°λ₯Ό νƒ€μš”. (I take the escalator.)
  • μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. (Don't run on the escalator.)
β€” Grammar note: shares 타닀 with μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°; λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš” ("don't run") is a very common safety phrase here.
5. 비상ꡬ β€” emergency exit πŸšͺ
A noun for "emergency exit," from 비상 ("emergency") + ꡬ ("opening/exit").
  • 비상ꡬ가 μ–΄λ””μ˜ˆμš”? (Where's the emergency exit?)
  • λΉ„μƒκ΅¬λŠ” 항상 μ—΄λ € μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. (The emergency exit must always be open.)
β€” Grammar note: 비상 + noun = "emergency ___" (비상ꡬ, 비상계단 = "emergency stairs," 비상벨 = "emergency bell").

πŸ› οΈ How They Work in a Sentence

  1. ν™”μž₯싀은 μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° μ˜†μ— μžˆμ–΄μš”.
    1. (The restroom is next to the elevator.)
      β€” Two location-based nouns combined with μ˜†μ— ("next to").
  1. μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜μ„œ κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¬λΌκ°”μ–΄μš”.
    1. (The elevator was broken, so I went up the stairs.)
      β€” μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° (broken) leads to using 계단 (alternative).
  1. λΉ„μƒμ‹œμ—λŠ” μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° λŒ€μ‹  κ³„λ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ 비상ꡬλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
    1. (In an emergency, use the stairs or emergency exit instead of the elevator.)
      β€” λΉ„μƒμ‹œ ("in an emergency") sets up 비상ꡬ and 계단 as the safe alternatives to μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°.

🧩 General Formation Rule

  • ν™”μž₯μ‹€/계단/비상ꡬ β€” Sino-Korean nouns; μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°/μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° β€” loanwords
  • ~을/λ₯Ό 타닀 β€” used for μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° (and other transportation)
  • κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ/μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°λ‘œ β€” "by stairs/by elevator" (means of movement, marked with 둜)
  • μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€ β€” go up/down (used with 계단, μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°)
  • 비상 + noun = "emergency ___" (비상ꡬ, 비상계단, 비상벨)

πŸ“š Cross-check note

All vocabulary cross-checked against korean.go.kr βœ…

πŸͺž Synonym Alert

  • ν™”μž₯μ‹€ vs λ³€μ†Œ β€” ν™”μž₯μ‹€ is the modern standard term; λ³€μ†Œ is old-fashioned/rural and rarely used now.
  • 계단 vs 사닀리 β€” 계단 = stairs (a built structure); 사닀리 = a ladder (portable).
  • μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° vs λ¦¬ν”„νŠΈ β€” μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° is standard for passenger elevators; λ¦¬ν”„νŠΈ is used for cargo lifts or ski lifts.
  • 비상ꡬ vs 좜ꡬ β€” 비상ꡬ = emergency exit specifically; 좜ꡬ = a regular/general exit.
  • μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° vs λ¬΄λΉ™μ›Œν¬ β€” μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° = escalator (moving stairs); λ¬΄λΉ™μ›Œν¬ = moving walkway (flat, horizontal).

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • ❌ Saying ν™”μž₯싀에 타닀 β†’ βœ… ν™”μž₯싀에 κ°€λ‹€ ("go to the restroom") β€” 타닀 is only for vehicles/elevators/escalators.
  • ❌ Saying 계단을 타닀 β†’ βœ… κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ°€λ‹€/μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€ β€” no 타닀 with stairs.
  • ❌ Confusing 비상ꡬ and 좜ꡬ β†’ βœ… 비상ꡬ = emergency exit; 좜ꡬ = regular everyday exit.
  • ❌ Saying μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°λ₯Ό κ°€λ‹€ β†’ βœ… μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°λ₯Ό 타닀 ("take the elevator").
  • ❌ Running on the μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° β†’ βœ… Remember the safety sign: μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
ν™”μž₯μ‹€, μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, 계단, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°, 비상ꡬ β€” μ–΄λŠ κ±΄λ¬Όμ—μ„œλ„ 길을 μžƒμ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”! πŸš»πŸ›—πŸͺœβ¬†οΈπŸšͺ
Β 
Try this exercise
Fill in each blank with the correct word (ν™”μž₯μ‹€, μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, 계단, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°, or 비상ꡬ).
A. ___이 μ–΄λ””μ˜ˆμš”? (Where's the restroom?)
Answer
ν™”μž₯μ‹€
B. ___λ₯Ό νƒ€μš”. (I take the elevator.)
Answer
μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°
C. ___으둜 κ°€μš”. (I'll go by the stairs.)
Answer
계단
D. ___μ—μ„œ λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. (Don't run on the escalator.)
Answer
μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°
E. ___κ°€ μ–΄λ””μ˜ˆμš”? (Where's the emergency exit?)
Answer
비상ꡬ
F. ___ μ’€ 써도 λΌμš”? (Can I use the restroom?)
Answer
ν™”μž₯μ‹€
G. ___κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚¬μ–΄μš”. (The elevator is broken.)
Answer
μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°
H. ___을 μ˜¬λΌκ°€μš”. (I go up the stairs.)
Answer
계단
I. ___λ₯Ό νƒ€μš”. (I take the escalator.)
Answer
μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°
J. ___λŠ” 항상 μ—΄λ € μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. (The emergency exit must always be open.)
Answer
비상ꡬ
πŸ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ν™”μž₯μ‹€ β€” restroom; ν™”μž₯싀에 κ°€λ‹€
  • μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° β€” elevator; ~λ₯Ό 타닀
  • 계단 β€” stairs; ~으둜 κ°€λ‹€/μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€
  • μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° β€” escalator; ~λ₯Ό 타닀, λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”
  • 비상ꡬ β€” emergency exit; 비상계단
πŸ’‘
Pitfalls reminder
  • ν™”μž₯μ‹€/계단 use κ°€λ‹€, not 타닀
  • μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°/μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° use 타닀
  • 비상ꡬ β‰  좜ꡬ

πŸ”
Want more reps? Next time you're in a building, find and say out loud: ν™”μž₯μ‹€, μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, 계단, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°, 비상ꡬ β€” and notice the signs!
Β 
πŸ“¦
Practice Hub: Public Facilities: Restroom, Elevator, Stairs
Five exercises to lock in ν™”μž₯μ‹€, μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, 계단, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°, and 비상ꡬ.

Exercise 1 β€” Word Recall: Korean β†’ English πŸš»βž‘οΈπŸ‡¬πŸ‡§

A. ν™”μž₯μ‹€
Answer
restroom / bathroom
B. μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°
Answer
elevator
C. 계단
Answer
stairs
D. μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°
Answer
escalator
E. 비상ꡬ
Answer
emergency exit
F. 비상계단
Answer
emergency stairs
G. 좜ꡬ
Answer
exit
H. μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€
Answer
to go up
I. λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€
Answer
to go down
J. κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜λ‹€
Answer
to break down / malfunction
πŸ“š
Quick Reference
  • ν™”μž₯μ‹€ β€” restroom (λ‚¨μž/μ—¬μž ν™”μž₯μ‹€)
  • μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°/μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° β€” take with 타닀
  • 계단 β€” go by/up/down with 으둜/μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€
  • 비상ꡬ β€” emergency exit; 비상 + noun = "emergency ___"
Β 

Exercise 2 β€” Word Recall: English β†’ Korean πŸ‡¬πŸ‡§βž‘οΈπŸ›—

A. restroom
Answer
ν™”μž₯μ‹€
B. elevator
Answer
μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°
C. stairs
Answer
계단
D. escalator
Answer
μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°
E. emergency exit
Answer
비상ꡬ
F. men's restroom
Answer
λ‚¨μž ν™”μž₯μ‹€
G. women's restroom
Answer
μ—¬μž ν™”μž₯μ‹€
H. emergency stairs
Answer
비상계단
I. to take/ride
Answer
타닀
J. to be broken
Answer
κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜λ‹€
πŸ“š
Quick Reference
  • ν™”μž₯μ‹€/계단/비상ꡬ β€” Sino-Korean nouns
  • μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°/μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„° β€” loanwords
  • ~을/λ₯Ό 타닀 β€” elevator, escalator
  • ~으둜 κ°€λ‹€/μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€ β€” stairs
Β 

Exercise 3 β€” Pattern Practice: 타닀 vs κ°€λ‹€/μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€ πŸ›—πŸͺœ

A. μ €λŠ” μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°___ νƒ€μš”. (object marker)
Answer
λ₯Ό
B. 계단___ μ˜¬λΌκ°€μš”. (instrumental "by")
Answer
으둜
C. μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°___ λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”. (location "on")
Answer
μ—μ„œ
D. ν™”μž₯μ‹€___ κ°€μš”. (direction "to")
Answer
에
E. μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜μ„œ κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ ___μš”. (go down)
Answer
λ‚΄λ €κ°”μ–΄
F. 비상ꡬ___ 항상 μ—΄λ € μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”. (topic marker)
Answer
λŠ”
G. ν™”μž₯μ‹€___ μ–΄λ””μ˜ˆμš”? (topic marker)
Answer
은
H. μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°___ κ³ μž₯ λ‚¬μ–΄μš”. (subject marker)
Answer
κ°€
I. 계단___ κ°€μš”. (instrumental "by")
Answer
으둜
J. ν™”μž₯μ‹€ μ’€ 써도 ___? (permission ending)
Answer
λΌμš”
πŸ“š
Quick Reference
  • ~을/λ₯Ό 타닀 β€” ride/take (elevator, escalator)
  • ~으둜 κ°€λ‹€/μ˜¬λΌκ°€λ‹€/λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ‹€ β€” by stairs
  • ~에 κ°€λ‹€ β€” go to (restroom)
  • ~μ—μ„œ β€” location of an action (on the escalator)
Β 

Exercise 4 β€” Pattern Practice: Building Sentences 🏒

A. The restroom is next to the elevator.
Answer
ν™”μž₯싀은 μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° μ˜†μ— μžˆμ–΄μš”.
B. I take the elevator.
Answer
μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°λ₯Ό νƒ€μš”.
C. The elevator is broken.
Answer
μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
D. I'll go by the stairs.
Answer
κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ κ°€μš”.
E. Don't run on the escalator.
Answer
μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
F. Where's the emergency exit?
Answer
비상ꡬ가 μ–΄λ””μ˜ˆμš”?
G. The emergency exit must always be open.
Answer
λΉ„μƒκ΅¬λŠ” 항상 μ—΄λ € μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš”.
H. The elevator was broken, so I went up the stairs.
Answer
μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜μ„œ κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ μ˜¬λΌκ°”μ–΄μš”.
I. Can I use the restroom?
Answer
ν™”μž₯μ‹€ μ’€ 써도 λΌμš”?
J. I take the escalator.
Answer
μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°λ₯Ό νƒ€μš”.
πŸ“š
Quick Reference
  • μ˜†μ— μžˆμ–΄μš” β€” is next to
  • ~κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚¬μ–΄μš” β€” is broken
  • ~μ•„/μ–΄μ„œ β€” so/because (links cause and result)
  • 항상 μ—΄λ € μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•΄μš” β€” must always be open
Β 

Exercise 5 β€” Mixed Mastery: Translate & Apply 🧩

A. In an emergency, use the stairs or emergency exit instead of the elevator.
Answer
λΉ„μƒμ‹œμ—λŠ” μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„° λŒ€μ‹  κ³„λ‹¨μ΄λ‚˜ 비상ꡬλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
B. emergency exit (literal parts)
Answer
비상 (emergency) + ꡬ (exit)
C. The women's restroom is on the second floor.
Answer
μ—¬μž ν™”μž₯싀은 2측에 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
D. Take the escalator to the third floor.
Answer
3μΈ΅κΉŒμ§€ μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°λ₯Ό νƒ€μ„Έμš”.
E. ν™”μž₯μ‹€ vs λ³€μ†Œ β€” which is the modern standard term?
Answer
ν™”μž₯μ‹€ (λ³€μ†Œ is old-fashioned/rural)
F. 비상ꡬ vs 좜ꡬ β€” which means "emergency exit" specifically?
Answer
비상ꡬ (좜ꡬ is a regular exit)
G. I'm going down the stairs because the elevator is broken.
Answer
μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°κ°€ κ³ μž₯ λ‚˜μ„œ κ³„λ‹¨μœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€μš”.
H. 계단 vs 사닀리 β€” which means "ladder"?
Answer
사닀리
I. Please don't run on the escalator. (polite request)
Answer
μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ λ›°μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
J. Where is the nearest emergency exit?
Answer
κ°€μž₯ κ°€κΉŒμš΄ 비상ꡬ가 μ–΄λ””μ˜ˆμš”?
πŸ“š
Quick Reference
  • 비상 + noun = "emergency ___"
  • ~측에 μžˆμ–΄μš” β€” is on floor ~
  • ~κΉŒμ§€ β€” up to/to (a floor, place)
  • κ°€μž₯ κ°€κΉŒμš΄ β€” nearest
ν™”μž₯μ‹€, μ—˜λ¦¬λ² μ΄ν„°, 계단, μ—μŠ€μ»¬λ ˆμ΄ν„°, 비상ꡬ β€” μ—°μŠ΅ μ™„λ£Œ! πŸš»πŸ›—πŸͺœβ¬†οΈπŸšͺ