๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ

Presumption of Innocence

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ / ํ”ผ์˜์ž / ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ / ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•
Lesson #
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Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
โš–๏ธ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • โš–๏ธ ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ means โ€œthe principle of presumption of innocenceโ€: a person is treated as not guilty until guilt is confirmed by a final court judgment.
  • ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธ ํ”ผ์˜์ž is a โ€œsuspectโ€ during investigation; ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ is a โ€œdefendantโ€ after prosecution. Mixing them up can make legal Korean wobble like a chair with one short leg.
  • ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ This principle protects ์ธ๊ถŒ (human rights), prevents premature punishment, and supports fair judicial procedure in ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• (the judiciary/legal system).
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note
When a legal phrase feels dense, paste it into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and listen slowly. Try phrases like ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ (the principle of presumption of innocence), ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ (the suspectโ€™s human rights), and ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค (a guilty judgment becomes final).
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ is one of those legal phrases that looks intimidating until you split it into pieces:
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ = innocence / not guilty
  • ์ถ”์ • = presumption / assumption
  • ์›์น™ = principle
Together, it means: โ€œTreat a person as not guilty unless and until guilt is legally confirmed.โ€ In Korean legal language, this is often expressed as ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ํ™•์ •๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌด์ฃ„๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค (one is presumed innocent until a guilty judgment becomes final). โš–๏ธ
This vocabulary matters because legal Korean often discusses not only crime, but also procedure, rights, media reporting, investigation, detention, and the role of courts. ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ connects directly to ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ (protection of human rights), ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ (fair trial), and ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ (judicial procedure). ๐Ÿงญ
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๐ŸŽจ The Core Presumption-of-Innocence Family

โš–๏ธ ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ โ€” the principle itself

Use ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ when discussing the legal principle that an accused person must not be treated as guilty before guilt is confirmed.
Natural pairings:
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to guarantee the presumption of innocence
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋‹ค = to uphold the presumption of innocence
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์— ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๋‹ค = to go against the presumption of innocence
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค = to violate the presumption of innocence

๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธ ํ”ผ์˜์ž, ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ, and ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ

  • ํ”ผ์˜์ž = suspect; a person suspected of an offense during investigation
  • ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ = defendant; a person formally charged and standing trial
  • ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ = guilty judgment
  • ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค = to become final/confirmed
A useful advanced sentence frame is: ํ”ผ์˜์ž๋‚˜ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์€ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฌด์ฃ„๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค (a suspect or defendant is presumed innocent until a guilty judgment becomes final).

๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ and ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ

์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ means protection of human rights. In this lesson, it refers to protecting dignity, reputation, liberty, defense rights, and fair treatment before the law.
์‚ฌ๋ฒ• means the judiciary or legal/judicial sphere, and ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ means judicial procedure. The presumption of innocence keeps the process from turning an accusation into punishment before evidence is tested. Tiny phrase, big shield. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
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๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์€ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค.
    • (The presumption of innocence is an important safeguard for protecting a suspectโ€™s human rights.)
      Notes: ์žฅ์น˜ here means safeguard/mechanism; -๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ means โ€œfor the purpose of.โ€
  • ์–ธ๋ก  ๋ณด๋„๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋กœ ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์— ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • (If media reporting concludes that a suspect is a criminal, it can go against the presumption of innocence.)
      Notes: ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to conclude/assert decisively; ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๋‹ค means to be contrary to.
  • ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š” ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
    • (Before a guilty judgment becomes final, a defendant should not be treated as if already punished.)
      Notes: ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค means to become final; ๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to treat someone in a certain way.
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๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This is vocabulary, not a conjugation lesson, so the main โ€œformationโ€ skill is phrase-building:
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ (innocence) + ์ถ”์ • (presumption) + ์˜ (of) + ์›์น™ (principle) โ†’ ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ (principle of presumption of innocence)
  • ์ธ๊ถŒ (human rights) + ๋ณดํ˜ธ (protection) โ†’ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ (protection of human rights)
  • ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• (judicial sphere) + ์ ˆ์ฐจ (procedure) โ†’ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ (judicial procedure)
Use formal verbs with these nouns: ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค (to guarantee), ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค (to violate), ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค (to respect), ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค (to become final), ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค (to assert as certain), and ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค (to be applied).
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๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The key term ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์›์น™ and its synonym ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ were cross-checked against ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / korean.go.kr, which defines the principle as treating a criminal defendant as innocent until a guilty judgment is finalized. โœ…
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๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ = principle of presumption of innocence; the most explicit formal phrase
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์›์น™ = innocence principle; shorter legal term, also formal
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋‹ค = to be presumed innocent; useful verb phrase in explanations
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ = innocence/being free from guilt in a broader personal or moral sense; not always the same as the legal principle
  • ๋ฌดํ˜์˜ = no charge / no suspicion found; an investigative outcome, not the same as being presumed innocent
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โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ํ”ผ์˜์ž = โ€œcriminalโ€ โ†’ โœ… ํ”ผ์˜์ž = โ€œsuspectโ€ (a person suspected during investigation, not proven guilty).
  • โŒ ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ • means โ€œthe person definitely did nothingโ€ โ†’ โœ… It means the law must treat the person as not guilty until guilt is proven and finalized.
  • โŒ ํ”ผ์˜์ž and ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ are interchangeable โ†’ โœ… ํ”ผ์˜์ž is used during investigation; ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ is used after prosecution in trial.
  • โŒ ๋ฌดํ˜์˜ = ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ โ†’ โœ… ๋ฌดํ˜์˜ is a no-charge result; ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ is a general legal principle.
  • โŒ Media or public opinion can freely label someone guilty before trial โ†’ โœ… Prematurely treating someone as guilty can violate ์ธ๊ถŒ (human rights) and harm ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ (fair trial).
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You now have the courtroom vocabulary shield: accusation is not conviction, suspicion is not guilt, and precise Korean keeps everyoneโ€™s rights standing upright. โš–๏ธ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
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Try this exercise

Practice choosing the most accurate legal term for each sentence. Read the Korean sentence, fill the blank, then open the Answer toggle to check the legal nuance.
1. ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค.
The defendant is presumed innocent until a guilty judgment becomes final. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฌด์ฃ„ โ€” ๋ฌด์ฃ„๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be presumed innocent.โ€
2. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ˜์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A person suspected of a crime during investigation is called a suspect. ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธ
Answer
ํ”ผ์˜์ž โ€” ํ”ผ์˜์ž is used before formal prosecution.
3. ์žฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
A person standing trial is called a defendant. ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ โ€” ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ is the trial-stage term.
4. ์–ธ๋ก ์ด ํ”ผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the media declares a suspect a criminal, it can become a human-rights violation. ๐Ÿ“ฐ
Answer
๋‹จ์ • โ€” ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to assert something as certain too quickly.
5. ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์€ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•œ๋‹ค.
The presumption of innocence protects the suspectโ€™s human rights. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์ธ๊ถŒ โ€” this principle is closely tied to protection of human rights.
6. ๋ฒ•์›์—์„œ ์ตœ์ข…์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์ง„ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A guilty decision finally made by a court is called a guilty judgment. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ€” ํŒ๊ฒฐ means a court judgment.
7. ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
When a judgment can no longer be changed, it becomes final. ๐Ÿ”’
Answer
ํ™•์ •๋œ๋‹ค โ€” ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค means to become final or confirmed.
8. ๋ฒ•๊ณผ ์žฌํŒ ์ œ๋„์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์˜์—ญ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The area related to law and courts is called the judiciary/legal sphere. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์‚ฌ๋ฒ• โ€” ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• refers to the judicial/legal sphere.
9. ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ณด๋„๋Š” ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Reporting that goes against the presumption of innocence must be handled carefully. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๋Š” โ€” ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๋‹ค means to conflict with or go against something.
10. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๋ถ€๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
The state must not carelessly violate a suspectโ€™s rights. ๐Ÿšจ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to violate or infringe upon rights.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ โ†’ innocence / not guilty
  • ํ”ผ์˜์ž โ†’ suspect during investigation
  • ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ โ†’ defendant in trial
  • ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to assert as certain
  • ์ธ๊ถŒ โ†’ human rights
  • ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ†’ guilty judgment
  • ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to become final
  • ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• โ†’ judiciary / legal sphere
  • ์–ด๊ธ‹๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ to go against
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to violate
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Legal Korean loves precise stage labels: investigation, trial, final judgment.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below turns this principle into courtroom-ready vocabulary reflexes.
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Presumption of Innocence
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Welcome to your presumption-of-innocence workout, where legal Korean puts on a tiny judge robe and asks for precision. โš–๏ธ Youโ€™ll practice the core terms ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ (presumption of innocence), ํ”ผ์˜์ž (suspect), ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ (defendant), ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ (human-rights protection), and ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ (judicial procedure) in formal, natural sentences.
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence before answering.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Fill each blank with the best Korean term or phrase, then check the Answer toggle. Say the completed sentence aloud and notice whether the sentence is about investigation, trial, human rights, media reporting, or final judgment.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Core Terms โš–๏ธ

A. ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์€ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ํ™•์ •๋  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋œ๋‹ค.
The defendant is presumed innocent until a guilty judgment becomes final. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฌด์ฃ„ โ€” This is the central phrase ๋ฌด์ฃ„๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋˜๋‹ค, โ€œto be presumed innocent.โ€
B. ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ˜์˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A person under investigation because of criminal suspicion is a suspect. ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธ
Answer
ํ”ผ์˜์ž โ€” Investigation-stage term; not the same as ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ.
C. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์†Œํ•œ ๋’ค ์žฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
After prosecution, the person standing trial is a defendant. ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ โ€” Trial-stage term after formal prosecution.
D. ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์กด์—„๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Human dignity and basic rights are called human rights. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์ธ๊ถŒ โ€” ์ธ๊ถŒ is the rights-and-dignity core of this topic.
E. ๋ฒ•์›๊ณผ ์žฌํŒ ์ œ๋„์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์˜์—ญ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ์†ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The area concerning courts and trials belongs to the judicial sphere. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์‚ฌ๋ฒ• โ€” ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• refers to the judiciary/legal sphere.
F. ๋ฒ•์›์ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณต์‹์ ์ธ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The official decision made by a court is called a judgment. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ€” In this lesson, notice ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ, a guilty judgment.
G. ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ํŒ๊ฒฐ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A judgment finding guilt is a guilty judgment. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ€” ์œ ์ฃ„ means guilty; ํŒ๊ฒฐ means judgment.
H. ํŒ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋‹คํˆฌ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
When a judgment is no longer contestable, it becomes final. ๐Ÿ”’
Answer
ํ™•์ •๋œ๋‹ค โ€” ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค is essential in the phrase โ€œuntil the judgment becomes final.โ€
I. ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Protecting and guaranteeing rights is called protection of rights. ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” A broader phrase; ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ is human-rights protection.
J. ๋ฒ•์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์žฌํŒ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A court process carried out according to law is judicial procedure. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ means procedure or process.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ โ†’ innocence / not guilty
  • ํ”ผ์˜์ž โ†’ suspect during investigation
  • ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ โ†’ defendant in trial
  • ์ธ๊ถŒ โ†’ human rights
  • ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• โ†’ judiciary / legal sphere
  • ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ†’ court judgment
  • ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ†’ guilty judgment
  • ํ™•์ •๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to become final
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ protection of rights
  • ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ judicial procedure
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก The timeline matters: suspicion โ†’ investigation โ†’ prosecution โ†’ trial โ†’ final judgment.
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Collocations and Formal Verbs ๐Ÿงฉ

A. ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The state must guarantee the presumption of innocence. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to guarantee.
B. ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๋ถ€๋กœ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Carelessly restricting a suspectโ€™s rights can violate human rights. ๐Ÿšจ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to violate or infringe upon.
C. ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The media should avoid expressions that damage a suspectโ€™s reputation. ๐Ÿ“ฐ
Answer
ํ›ผ์† โ€” ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค means to damage or harm.
D. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Investigative agencies must follow lawful procedure. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
๋”ฐ๋ผ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋‹ค means to follow procedure.
E. ๋ฒ•์›์€ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The court must judge the case according to evidence. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํŒ๋‹จ โ€” ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค means to judge or determine.
F. ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์„ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋Š” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค.
An attitude that already concludes the defendant is a criminal is dangerous. โš ๏ธ
Answer
๋‹จ์ • โ€” ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to assert as certain.
G. ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์€ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
The presumption of innocence is applied throughout criminal procedure. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์ ์šฉ โ€” ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค means to be applied.
H. ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
For a fair trial, defense rights must be guaranteed. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” Same verb family, different object: ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค.
I. ํ”ผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ชจ์š•์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If a suspect is exposed in a humiliating way, personality rights can be violated. ๐Ÿšซ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์นจํ•ด๋˜๋‹ค is the passive form: to be violated.
J. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์šด์˜๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Judicial procedure should operate in a way that respects citizensโ€™ basic rights. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to respect.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guarantee
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to violate
  • ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to damage
  • ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to follow
  • ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to judge / determine
  • ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to assert as certain
  • ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be applied
  • ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ถŒ โ†’ defense rights
  • ์ธ๊ฒฉ๊ถŒ โ†’ personality rights
  • ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respect
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Legal nouns often pair with formal verbs: guarantee, violate, apply, respect.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Distinguish Similar Legal Ideas ๐Ÿ”

A. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ํ˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฒ˜๋ถ„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A decision that no criminal suspicion is recognized after investigation is โ€œno charge.โ€ ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
๋ฌดํ˜์˜ โ€” Do not confuse this outcome with the broader principle of ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •.
B. ๋ฒ•์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The state of being regarded as not guilty is innocence. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฌด์ฃ„ โ€” ๋ฌด์ฃ„ is a legal โ€œnot guiltyโ€ concept.
C. ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์˜ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
A general expression meaning someone is actually free from guilt is innocence/being clean. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ โ€” ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ is broader and more personal than the legal principle.
D. ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์ด๋‹ค.
The stage of investigating a case is the investigation stage. ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธ
Answer
์ˆ˜์‚ฌ โ€” ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ comes before trial.
E. ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ํ”ผ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์žฌํŒ์— ๋„˜๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ–‰์œ„๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The act of a prosecutor sending a suspect to trial is prosecution/indictment. ๐Ÿ“‘
Answer
๊ธฐ์†Œ โ€” After ๊ธฐ์†Œ, the person is usually called ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ.
F. ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์ด ์žฌํŒ์—์„œ ์ฃผ์žฅ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The right of a defendant to defend themselves with arguments and evidence is defense rights. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ถŒ โ€” This right supports a fair trial.
G. ์žฌํŒ์ด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ ์—†์ด ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์žฌํŒ์ด๋‹ค.
A trial that must proceed without bias is a fair trial. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ณต์ •ํ•œ โ€” ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ means a fair trial.
H. ๋ฒ•์— ์ •ํ•ด์ง„ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์ด๋‹ค.
A procedure carried out according to law is lawful procedure. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ โ€” ์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ์ ˆ์ฐจ is a key legal collocation.
I. ์•„์ง ํ™•์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Speaking about an unconfirmed matter as fact is premature conclusion. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
๋‹จ์ • โ€” This is risky in reporting about suspects.
J. ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ํ™•์ •๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์ด์ต์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Giving social disadvantages before guilt is finalized can look like premature punishment. โณ
Answer
์‚ฌ์ „ โ€” ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ means punishment in advance; avoid this under the principle.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฌดํ˜์˜ โ†’ no charge / no suspicion found
  • ๋ฌด์ฃ„ โ†’ not guilty / innocence
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ โ†’ innocence in a broader personal sense
  • ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ โ†’ investigation
  • ๊ธฐ์†Œ โ†’ prosecution / indictment
  • ๋ฐฉ์–ด๊ถŒ โ†’ defense rights
  • ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ โ†’ fair / impartial
  • ์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ โ†’ lawful
  • ๋‹จ์ • โ†’ premature assertion / conclusion
  • ์‚ฌ์ „ ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ โ†’ punishment in advance
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Similar legal words differ by stage, outcome, and level of certainty.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Formal Sentence Frames ๐Ÿ›๏ธ

A. ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์€ ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์žฌํŒ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
The presumption of innocence becomes the foundation of a fair trial. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
๊ธฐ์ดˆ โ€” A์€/๋Š” B์˜ ๊ธฐ์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค means โ€œA becomes the foundation of B.โ€
B. ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ ˆ์ฐจ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.
When a suspectโ€™s rights are guaranteed, trust in judicial procedure increases. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์‹ ๋ขฐ โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค means trust increases.
C. ํ™•์ • ํŒ๊ฒฐ ์ „์˜ ๋‚™์ธ์€ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Stigma before a final judgment is closely related to human-rights protection. ๐Ÿ”—
Answer
๋ฐ€์ ‘ โ€” ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค means to be closely related.
D. ์–ธ๋ก  ๋ณด๋„๋Š” ๊ณต์ต๊ณผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Media reporting must maintain balance between public interest and individual rights. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ท ํ˜• โ€” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to maintain balance.
E. ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์„ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž๋กœ ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ์žฌํŒ์˜ ๊ณต์ •์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Expressions that label a defendant a criminal can weaken trial fairness. ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to weaken.
F. ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Disclosure of investigation details must be limited even when necessary. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
์ œํ•œ โ€” ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be limited.
G. ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์—ฌ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์™€ ๋ฒ•๋ฆฌ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Judicial bodies must rely on evidence and legal reasoning rather than public opinion. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
์˜์กด โ€” ์˜์กดํ•˜๋‹ค means to depend or rely on.
H. ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The presumption of innocence functions to prevent abuse of state power. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to prevent.
I. ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋Š” ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In criminal procedure, the suspectโ€™s status must be carefully distinguished. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ตฌ๋ณ„ โ€” ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋‹ค means to be distinguished.
J. ํ™•์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ˜์˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ณด๋„ํ•˜๋ฉด ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Reporting unconfirmed suspicion as fact can cause damage that is hard to repair. ๐Ÿ’”
Answer
ํ”ผํ•ด โ€” ํ”ผํ•ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋‹ค means damage/harm arises.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐ์ดˆ โ†’ foundation
  • ์‹ ๋ขฐ โ†’ trust
  • ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be close / closely related
  • ๊ท ํ˜• โ†’ balance
  • ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to weaken
  • ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be limited
  • ์˜์กดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to rely on
  • ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent
  • ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be distinguished
  • ํ”ผํ•ด โ†’ damage / harm
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก These frames help you write formal essays about rights, courts, and media responsibility.
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Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ํ”ผ์˜์ž = ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์ž โ†’ โœ… ํ”ผ์˜์ž๋Š” ์•„์ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ™•์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค.
A suspect is someone whose guilt has not yet been finalized. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
์œ ์ฃ„ โ€” Suspicion is not guilt; that is the heart of the lesson.
B. โŒ ๋ฌดํ˜์˜ = ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ โ†’ โœ… ๋ฌดํ˜์˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ด๊ณ , ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์€ ๋ฒ•์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
No charge is an investigation result; presumption of innocence is a legal principle. ๐Ÿ“Œ
Answer
์›์น™ โ€” Outcome vs principle: keep them separate.
C. โŒ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์™€ ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์€ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ํ”ผ๊ณ ์ธ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ดํ›„ ์žฌํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๋‹ค.
A defendant is a person who stands trial after prosecution. ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐ์†Œ โ€” ๊ธฐ์†Œ changes the procedural stage.
D. โŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ = ๋ฒ•์  ์›์น™ โ†’ โœ… ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Personal innocence strongly carries a broader, personal meaning. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
์ผ๋ฐ˜์  โ€” ๊ฒฐ๋ฐฑ is broader than the formal legal principle.
E. โŒ ๋ณด๋„๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๋ณด๋„๋„ ํ”ผ์˜์ž์˜ ๋ช…์˜ˆ์™€ ์ธ๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Reporting must also respect a suspectโ€™s reputation and human rights. ๐Ÿ“ฐ
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” Freedom of reporting does not erase rights.
F. โŒ ํ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ = ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ โ†’ โœ… ํ˜์˜ ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๊ณง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Disclosure of suspicion does not immediately mean conviction/guilt judgment. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ€” Public suspicion is not a court judgment.
G. โŒ ์žฌํŒ ์ „ ๋‚™์ธ์€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์žฌํŒ ์ „ ๋‚™์ธ์€ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Stigma before trial can leave harm that is hard to repair. ๐Ÿ’”
Answer
ํ”ผํ•ด โ€” Reputation and social standing can be harmed before legal truth is settled.
H. โŒ ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ ํŽธ์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์šฐ์„ ์ด๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ˆ˜์‚ฌ๋„ ์ ๋ฒ•ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Investigation must also occur within lawful procedure. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” Procedure prevents convenience from becoming abuse.
I. โŒ ์—ฌ๋ก ์ด ํŒ๋‹จํ•œ๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Criminal responsibility is judged by the court according to evidence. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
ํŒ๋‹จ โ€” Courts, not public opinion, decide guilt in judicial procedure.
J. โŒ ์›์น™์€ ์žฅ์‹์ด๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™์€ ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The presumption of innocence is an important safeguard for human-rights protection. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์žฅ์น˜ โ€” ์žฅ์น˜ means mechanism or safeguard here.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œ ์ฃ„ โ†’ guilt / guilty
  • ์›์น™ โ†’ principle
  • ๊ธฐ์†Œ โ†’ prosecution / indictment
  • ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  โ†’ general
  • ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respect
  • ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ โ†’ guilty judgment
  • ํ”ผํ•ด โ†’ harm / damage
  • ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ procedure
  • ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to judge / determine
  • ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ safeguard / mechanism
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก If a sentence treats accusation as conviction, the presumption-of-innocence alarm bell should ring.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work. You can now discuss ๋ฌด์ฃ„ ์ถ”์ •์˜ ์›์น™ with the right legal stage, the right human-rights nuance, and much less โ€œTV courtroom dramaโ€ energy. โš–๏ธ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ