๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ

Policy Blind Spots

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ / ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต / ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ means a โ€œpolicy blind spotโ€ โ€” a group or problem left insufficiently covered by a policy.
  • ๐Ÿซ‚ ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต means โ€œmarginalized / underserved groups,โ€ especially people structurally left out of services, access, or protection.
  • ๐Ÿงฉ ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„ means โ€œinstitutional supplementation/improvement,โ€ the formal fix that closes gaps in rules, systems, or support.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear any Korean phrase aloud. These policy terms are formal, but your pronunciation does not need to file paperwork. ๐Ÿ“„โœจ
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

This lesson teaches vocabulary for talking about who gets missed by policy and how systems can be improved. Youโ€™ll see these terms in news articles, welfare debates, public administration, education policy, disability access, labor protections, and technology regulation. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ๐Ÿ“ฐ
  • ์ •์ฑ… = policy.
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ = blind spot; literally an area that is hard to see.
  • ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ = policy blind spot.
  • ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต = marginalized or underserved group.
  • ์ œ๋„ = institution/system.
  • ๋ณด์™„ = supplementation, improvement, fixing what is missing.
The emotional center of this vocabulary is coverage: who is protected, who is excluded, and what must be changed so the system works more fairly. ๐Ÿงญ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Policy Blind Spot Family

๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ€” policy blind spot

Use this when a policy exists, but some people or cases still fall outside its protection.
  • ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๋†“์ด๋‹ค = to be placed / left in a policy blind spot.
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค = a blind spot occurs.
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค = to resolve / eliminate a blind spot.
Nuance note: ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ often implies that the problem is not simply individual bad luck. It suggests a structural gap in visibility, access, or protection. ๐Ÿ”ฆ

๐Ÿซ‚ ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต โ€” marginalized / underserved groups

Use this for people who are socially, economically, digitally, linguistically, or institutionally excluded.
  • ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค = to support marginalized groups.
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค = to protect vulnerable groups.
  • ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค = to be excluded from eligibility for support.
Nuance note: ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต emphasizes exclusion; ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต emphasizes vulnerability. They overlap, but they are not identical. ๐Ÿงต

๐Ÿงฉ ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„ โ€” institutional improvement / supplementation

Use this when the solution requires changing rules, procedures, eligibility standards, delivery systems, or administrative design.
  • ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค = institutional improvement is necessary.
  • ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค = to improve the system.
  • ์ง€์› ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to reorganize the support system.
Nuance note: ๋ณด์™„ does not always mean replacing the whole system. It often means adding what is missing, tightening weak points, or making the system more complete. ๐Ÿงฐ

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ผ๋ถ€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๋†“์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    • (If the standards of a welfare system are too strict, some households may be left in a policy blind spot.) ๐Ÿ 
      ๋ณต์ง€ ์ œ๋„ means welfare system, ๊ธฐ์ค€ means standard, and ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ means household.
  • ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต๊ณผ ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • (As digital services expand, accessibility for older adults and people with disabilities must also be considered.) ๐Ÿ’ป
      ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต means older population, ์žฅ์• ์ธ means person with a disability, and ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ means accessibility.
  • ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • (The government prepared institutional improvement measures for marginalized groups excluded from eligibility.) ๐Ÿงพ
      ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ means eligibility target for support, ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be excluded, and ๋ณด์™„์ฑ… means improvement measure.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Think in three practical layers:
  1. Problem ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ โ€” ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค, ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋‹ค
    1. (A blind spot occurs, someone is excluded from support eligibility, someone cannot receive protection.)
  1. Affected group ๐Ÿซ‚ โ€” ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต, ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต, ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต, ์žฅ์• ์ธ, ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต
    1. (Marginalized groups, vulnerable groups, older adults, people with disabilities, low-income groups.)
  1. Fix ๐Ÿงฉ โ€” ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ง€์› ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค
    1. (Institutional improvement is needed, reorganize the support system, improve accessibility.)
There is no irregular grammar focus here. The main skill is choosing policy collocations: ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค, ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๐ŸŽฏ

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The vocabulary and public-language usage were cross-checked against ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / korean.go.kr, including public terminology contexts that use phrases such as ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€, ์ „๋ฌธ์šฉ์–ด ํ‘œ์ค€ํ™”, and language access for underserved groups. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ policy blind spot; formal and analytical.
  • ์ œ๋„์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑ โ†’ institutional gap; emphasizes missing rules or structures.
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ โ†’ protection gap; emphasizes lack of actual protection.
  • ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ marginalized/underserved groups; emphasizes exclusion.
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable groups; emphasizes risk and vulnerability.
  • ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„ โ†’ institutional supplementation/improvement; formal policy fix.
  • ๊ฐœ์„ ์ฑ… โ†’ improvement measure; broader and more everyday than ๋ณด์™„์ฑ….

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• โ†’ โœ… ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ (The phrase is โ€œblind spot,โ€ not โ€œsquare.โ€ Geometry has left the meeting. ๐Ÿ“)
  • โŒ ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ โ†’ โœ… ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต (๊ณ„์ธต is the natural word for social group/stratum here.)
  • โŒ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋‹ค as the default โ†’ โœ… ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค / ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค (Formal policy Korean prefers ๋ณด์™„.)
  • โŒ Treating ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต and ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต as always identical โ†’ โœ… Use ์†Œ์™ธ for exclusion, ์ทจ์•ฝ for vulnerability.
  • โŒ Saying a blind spot is solved only by โ€œmore budgetโ€ โ†’ โœ… Use broader fixes like ๊ธฐ์ค€ ์™„ํ™”, ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๊ฐœ์„ , ์ง€์› ์ฒด๊ณ„ ์ •๋น„, and ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„.
๐ŸŽ‰ Strong policy Korean does more than name a gap; it explains who is missed, why they are missed, and what must be improved. ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ๐Ÿ”ฆ๐Ÿงฉ
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Try this exercise

Practice choosing natural policy collocations. Fill each blank, read the full Korean sentence once, then check the Answer toggle.
1. ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์€ ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์ค€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(Some residents were left in a policy blind spot because of the support criteria.) ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ
Answer
๋†“์˜€๋‹ค โ€” ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๋†“์ด๋‹ค means to be left in a policy blind spot.
2. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ง€์› ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
(The government had to reorganize the support system for marginalized groups.) ๐Ÿซ‚
Answer
์ •๋น„ํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ์ง€์› ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to reorganize or improve a support system.
3. ์ƒˆ ์ œ๋„๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ท„๋‹ค.
(The new system focused on resolving protection gaps in existing policy.) ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋Š” โ€” ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค and ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค are natural formal collocations.
4. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋™๊ถŒ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(To guarantee mobility rights for people with disabilities, accessibility must be improved.) โ™ฟ
Answer
๊ฐœ์„ ํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค means to improve accessibility.
5. ์†Œ๋“ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์—„๊ฒฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ์ผ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If the income standard is too strict, some low-income people may be excluded from support eligibility.) ๐Ÿ’ณ
Answer
๋ฐฐ์ œ๋  โ€” ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be excluded from eligibility.
6. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
(Experts said there is a need to prepare institutional improvement measures.) ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จํ•  โ€” ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค means to prepare improvement measures.
7. ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ ˆ์ฐจ์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Older adults may experience an information access gap in online application procedures.) ๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ โ€” ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ์˜ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ means a gap in information access.
8. ์ •์ฑ… ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
(The policy officer had to adjust the criteria by reflecting voices from the field.) ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
์™„ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to loosen or ease standards.
9. ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ์›์ธ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ›„ ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
(After identifying the cause of the blind spot, they discussed improvement measures.) ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ โ€” ์›์ธ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค means to identify the cause.
10. ์ด ๋ฒ•์•ˆ์€ ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
(This bill was proposed to strengthen protection for vulnerable groups.) ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€” ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to strengthen protection.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ฃผ๋ฏผ โ†’ resident
  • ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ support criteria
  • ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ policy blind spot
  • ๋†“์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to be placed/left
  • ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ marginalized group
  • ์ง€์› ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ support system
  • ์ •๋น„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reorganize/improve
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ โ†’ protection gap
  • ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to resolve/eliminate
  • ์žฅ์• ์ธ โ†’ person with a disability
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ accessibility
  • ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to improve
  • ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต โ†’ low-income group
  • ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be excluded
  • ๋ณด์™„์ฑ… โ†’ improvement measure
  • ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prepare
  • ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต โ†’ older population
  • ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ โ†’ gap/disparity
  • ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease/loosen
  • ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to identify/grasp
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก The core chain is: identify the gap, name the affected group, then propose a system-level fix.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below helps you turn policy blind spots into precise, humane Korean. ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ๐Ÿ”ฆ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Policy Blind Spots
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Welcome to your policy-gap workout. ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ This Practice Hub helps you describe who gets missed by a system, why that gap happens, and what kind of institutional fix can close it. The vibe is civic empathy plus administrative precision โ€” tiny clipboard, big heart. ๐Ÿงพ๐Ÿซ‚
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Fill each blank with the most natural Korean word or phrase. Pay attention to collocations like ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•ด์†Œํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค, and ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Naming the Gap ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ

A. ์ƒˆ ์ •์ฑ…์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ๋ด„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(Despite the new policy, a blind spot in care services occurred.) ๐Ÿงธ
Answer
๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค means a blind spot occurs.
B. ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ณดํ—˜์˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
(Freelance workers are likely to fall into a protection gap in existing employment insurance.) ๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ โ€” ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์— ๋น ์ง€๋‹ค means to fall into a gap.
C. ํ–‰์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋ฉด ์ •๋ณด ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์ง€์›์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If administrative procedures are complicated, information-vulnerable groups may be excluded from support.) ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๋ฐฐ์ œ๋  โ€” ์ง€์›์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be excluded from support.
D. ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์˜ ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ € ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(To evaluate policy effectiveness, the scale of the blind spot must first be identified.) ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
ํŒŒ์•…ํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ๊ทœ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค means to identify or grasp the scale.
E. ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ฐ˜์˜ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๋„์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(If support criteria fail to reflect reality, an institutional gap grows.) ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ปค์ง„๋‹ค โ€” ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋‹ค means a gap becomes larger.
F. ์–ธ์–ด ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Language barriers can create another policy blind spot for foreign residents.) ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
๋งŒ๋“ค โ€” ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค is acceptable when describing creation of a blind spot, though ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค is more formal.
G. ํ˜„์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค.
(Field research is useful for discovering problems that do not appear in statistics.) ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋Š” โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to discover a problem.
H. ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ž๊ฒฉ์ด ์ข๊ฒŒ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜๋ฉด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ œํ•œ๋œ๋‹ค.
(If application eligibility is designed narrowly, the protected target group is excessively limited.) ๐Ÿšช
Answer
๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ โ€” ๊ณผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be excessively limited.
I. ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์‹คํŒจ๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ผ ๋•Œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๋‹ค.
(A blind spot often reveals a design limitation rather than simply policy failure.) ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ โ€” ํ•œ๊ณ„ means limitation.
J. ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‚จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ ํ•ด์†Œ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋‹ค.
(Finding people left outside the system is the first stage of resolving blind spots.) ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์ฒซ โ€” ์ฒซ ๋‹จ๊ณ„ means first stage.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ policy
  • ๋Œ๋ด„ ์„œ๋น„์Šค โ†’ care service
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ blind spot
  • ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to occur
  • ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋žœ์„œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž โ†’ freelance worker
  • ๊ณ ์šฉ๋ณดํ—˜ โ†’ employment insurance
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ โ†’ protection gap
  • ๋น ์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to fall into
  • ํ–‰์ • ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ administrative procedure
  • ์ •๋ณด ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ information-vulnerable group
  • ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be excluded
  • ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ โ†’ policy effectiveness
  • ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to evaluate
  • ๊ทœ๋ชจ โ†’ scale
  • ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to identify/grasp
  • ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ support criteria
  • ์ œ๋„์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑ โ†’ institutional gap
  • ์ปค์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to grow
  • ์–ธ์–ด ์žฅ๋ฒฝ โ†’ language barrier
  • ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ โ†’ foreign resident
  • ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ to make/create
  • ํ˜„์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ โ†’ field research
  • ํ†ต๊ณ„ โ†’ statistics
  • ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to discover
  • ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ž๊ฒฉ โ†’ application eligibility
  • ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be limited
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limitation
  • ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ– โ†’ outside the system
  • ํ•ด์†Œ โ†’ resolution/elimination
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Naming the gap clearly is the first step toward fixing it.
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Exercise 2 โ€” People Affected ๐Ÿซ‚

A. ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‹ค์ œ ์ƒํ™œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(To support marginalized groups, actual living conditions must be understood.) ๐Ÿ 
Answer
์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ์ƒํ™œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to understand living conditions.
B. ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Vulnerable groups may be more greatly affected by economic shocks.) ๐Ÿ’ธ
Answer
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค means to be affected.
C. ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต์€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ–‰์ •์—์„œ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
(Older adults are likely to experience accessibility problems in online-centered administration.) ๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
๊ฒช๊ธฐ โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช๋‹ค means to experience a problem.
D. ์žฅ์• ์ธ์€ ์ด๋™๊ถŒ๊ณผ ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(People with disabilities should have both mobility rights and information access rights guaranteed.) โ™ฟ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›๋‹ค means to have rights guaranteed.
E. ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ด ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ •์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Low-income households may have their life stability shaken when housing-cost burdens grow.) ๐Ÿ˜๏ธ
Answer
ํ”๋“ค๋ฆด โ€” ์ƒํ™œ ์•ˆ์ •์ด ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค means life stability is shaken.
F. ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต์€ ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Young adults may find it difficult to make long-term plans because of employment insecurity.) ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿ’ผ
Answer
์„ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ โ€” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋‹ค means to make a plan.
G. ๋†์–ด์ดŒ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค ์ ‘๊ทผ์—์„œ ์ง€์—ญ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Rural and fishing-village residents experience regional disparities in access to medical services.) ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ โ€” ์ง€์—ญ์  ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ means regional disparity.
H. ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ์€ ์–ธ์–ด ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
(Migrants find it difficult to use systems when language information is insufficient.) ๐ŸŒ
Answer
์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค means to use a system.
I. ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๋Œ๋ด„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด๊ณผ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Single-parent families may face both care burdens and income insecurity at the same time.) ๐Ÿ‘จโ€๐Ÿ‘ง
Answer
๊ฒช์„ โ€” ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๊ฒช๋‹ค and ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์„ ๊ฒช๋‹ค are natural enough for policy discussion.
J. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ํ‰๊ท ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ๊นŒ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Policy must consider not only average citizens but also marginalized groups.) ๐Ÿง‘โ€๐Ÿคโ€๐Ÿง‘
Answer
๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider a group.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ marginalized group
  • ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to support
  • ์ƒํ™œ ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ living conditions
  • ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to understand
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable group
  • ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ†’ economic shock
  • ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to be affected
  • ๊ณ ๋ น์ธต โ†’ older population
  • ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ ํ–‰์ • โ†’ online-centered administration
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ accessibility problem
  • ๊ฒช๋‹ค โ†’ to experience
  • ์žฅ์• ์ธ โ†’ person with a disability
  • ์ด๋™๊ถŒ โ†’ mobility rights
  • ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ โ†’ right to information access
  • ๋ณด์žฅ๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to be guaranteed
  • ์ €์†Œ๋“์ธต ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ โ†’ low-income household
  • ์ฃผ๊ฑฐ๋น„ ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ housing-cost burden
  • ํ”๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ to be shaken
  • ์ฒญ๋…„์ธต โ†’ young adult group
  • ๊ณ ์šฉ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ โ†’ employment insecurity
  • ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์„ธ์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to make a plan
  • ๋†์–ด์ดŒ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ โ†’ rural and fishing-village resident
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค โ†’ medical service
  • ์ง€์—ญ์  ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ โ†’ regional disparity
  • ์ด์ฃผ๋ฏผ โ†’ migrant
  • ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to use a system
  • ํ•œ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๊ฐ€์ • โ†’ single-parent family
  • ์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ™”๋œ ์ง‘๋‹จ โ†’ marginalized group
  • ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต points to exclusion; ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต points to vulnerability.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Institutional Fixes ๐Ÿงฉ

A. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
(Experts said blind spots must be reduced by supplementing the existing system.) ๐Ÿงฐ
Answer
๋ณด์™„ํ•ด โ€” ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to supplement or improve a system.
B. ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If eligibility criteria are eased, more households can receive benefits.) ๐Ÿ 
Answer
์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to ease standards.
C. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ–‰์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด์„ ๋‚ฎ์ท„๋‹ค.
(The government simplified the application procedure and lowered administrative burden.) ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•ด โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to simplify a procedure.
D. ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€์›๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•ด ์ƒ๋‹ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Cash support alone is insufficient, so there is a need to expand counseling services.) โ˜Ž๏ธ
Answer
ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•  โ€” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to expand a service.
E. ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ ๊ฒ€ ์—†์ด๋Š” ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
(Without continuous monitoring, it is difficult to verify the effectiveness of improvement measures.) ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ โ€” ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to check or verify effectiveness.
F. ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค‘๋ณต ์ง€์›๊ณผ ๋ˆ„๋ฝ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If related ministries share information, duplicate support and omissions can be reduced.) ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋‹ค means to share information.
G. ํ˜„์žฅ ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž์˜ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋„“ํžˆ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์™ธ์  ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋” ์œ ์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If field officersโ€™ discretion is widened, they can respond more flexibly to exceptional situations.) ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๋Œ€์‘ํ•  โ€” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to respond to a situation.
H. ๋ฒ•๋ น ๊ฐœ์ •์€ ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(Legal revision can become the strongest basis for institutional improvement.) โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ โ€” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ means basis or grounds.
I. ํ”ผํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Cases of harm should be analyzed to establish the direction for system improvement.) ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์„ค์ •ํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to set a direction.
J. ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ ํ•ด์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์ฑ…๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Resolving blind spots requires continuous management more than one-off measures.) ๐Ÿ”„
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ โ€” ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ means continuous management.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ โ†’ expert
  • ๊ธฐ์กด ์ œ๋„ โ†’ existing system
  • ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to supplement/improve
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ blind spot
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce
  • ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ eligibility criteria for support
  • ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to ease/loosen
  • ํ˜œํƒ โ†’ benefit
  • ์‹ ์ฒญ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ application procedure
  • ๊ฐ„์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to simplify
  • ํ–‰์ • ๋ถ€๋‹ด โ†’ administrative burden
  • ํ˜„๊ธˆ ์ง€์› โ†’ cash support
  • ์ƒ๋‹ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค โ†’ counseling service
  • ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to expand
  • ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์ ๊ฒ€ โ†’ continuous monitoring
  • ๋ณด์™„์ฑ… โ†’ improvement measure
  • ํšจ๊ณผ โ†’ effect/effectiveness
  • ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to verify/check
  • ๊ด€๋ จ ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ โ†’ relevant ministries
  • ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to share information
  • ์ค‘๋ณต ์ง€์› โ†’ duplicate support
  • ๋ˆ„๋ฝ โ†’ omission
  • ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ discretion
  • ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respond
  • ๋ฒ•๋ น ๊ฐœ์ • โ†’ legal revision
  • ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ basis/grounds
  • ์ œ๋„ ๊ฐœ์„  ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†’ direction for system improvement
  • ์„ค์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to set
  • ๋‹จ๋ฐœ์„ฑ ๋Œ€์ฑ… โ†’ one-off measure
  • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ management
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค often means โ€œadd the missing piece,โ€ not โ€œthrow the whole system away.โ€
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Nuance and Register ๐Ÿง 

A. โ€œ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€โ€๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•œ๋‹ค.
(โ€œPolicy blind spotโ€ emphasizes structural gaps more than individual mistakes.) ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ โ€” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑ means structural gap.
B. โ€œ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธตโ€์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„์™€ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋‹ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(โ€œMarginalized groupsโ€ contains the nuance of being pushed out of social relations and systems.) ๐Ÿซ‚
Answer
๋‰˜์•™์Šค๋ฅผ โ€” ๋‰˜์•™์Šค means nuance.
C. โ€œ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธตโ€์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ๋…ธ์ถœ๋  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(โ€œVulnerable groupsโ€ refers to groups likely to be exposed to risk.) โš ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค โ€” ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋‹ค means to refer to.
D. โ€œ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…โ€์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
(โ€œImprovement measureโ€ means a measure additionally prepared to reduce a problem.) ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๋Œ€์ฑ…์„ โ€” ๋Œ€์ฑ… means measure/countermeasure.
E. โ€œ๊ฐœ์„ โ€์€ ๋” ์ข‹๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ์ผ๋ฐ˜์  ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๊ณ  โ€œ๋ณด์™„โ€์€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋А๋‚Œ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค.
(โ€œImprovementโ€ is a general expression for making something better, while โ€œsupplementationโ€ strongly feels like filling what is lacking.) ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์ฑ„์šฐ๋Š” โ€” ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ์ฑ„์šฐ๋‹ค means to fill the lacking part.
F. โ€œ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒโ€์€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์˜๋ฏธํ•œ๋‹ค.
(โ€œSupport targetโ€ means the eligibility category that can actually receive benefits.) ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ๋ฅผ โ€” ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ means eligibility category.
G. โ€œ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑโ€์€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
(โ€œAccessibilityโ€ means the possibility of reaching and using a service.) ๐Ÿšช
Answer
๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ โ€” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means possibility.
H. ๊ณต์‹ ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ๋Š” โ€œ๋น ์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คโ€๋ณด๋‹ค โ€œ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“คโ€์ด ๋” ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๋‹ค.
(In official documents, โ€œpeople excluded from eligibilityโ€ is more appropriate than โ€œpeople left out.โ€) ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ โ€” ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค is formal and precise.
I. โ€œ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ–โ€์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(The expression โ€œoutside the systemโ€ describes a state of not being included in the protection system.) ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•œ๋‹ค โ€” ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to describe.
J. ์ •์ฑ… ์–ธ์–ด์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •์  ๋น„๋‚œ๋ณด๋‹ค ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ์„ ํ˜ธ๋œ๋‹ค.
(In policy language, expressions that analyze causes and structures are preferred over emotional blame.) ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋Š” โ€” ์›์ธ๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to analyze causes and structures.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ policy blind spot
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ โ†’ individual mistake
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ์  ๊ณต๋ฐฑ โ†’ structural gap
  • ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to emphasize
  • ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ marginalized group
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„ โ†’ social relationship
  • ๋ฐ€๋ ค๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be pushed out
  • ๋‰˜์•™์Šค โ†’ nuance
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable group
  • ์œ„ํ—˜ โ†’ risk
  • ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be exposed
  • ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to refer to
  • ๋ณด์™„์ฑ… โ†’ improvement measure
  • ๋Œ€์ฑ… โ†’ measure/countermeasure
  • ๊ฐœ์„  โ†’ improvement
  • ๋ณด์™„ โ†’ supplementation
  • ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„ โ†’ lacking part
  • ์ฑ„์šฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to fill
  • ์ง€์› ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ support eligibility target
  • ์ž๊ฒฉ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ โ†’ eligibility category
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ accessibility
  • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ possibility
  • ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be excluded
  • ์ œ๋„ ๋ฐ– โ†’ outside the system
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ protection system
  • ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to describe
  • ์ •์ฑ… ์–ธ์–ด โ†’ policy language
  • ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to analyze
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Good formal Korean names the structure, not just the emotion.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ •์ฑ… ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• โ†’ โœ… ์ •์ฑ…์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(Fix the phrase: policy blind spot, not policy square.) ๐Ÿ“
Answer
์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ€” Pitfall check: ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ means blind spot; ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• means square.
B. โŒ ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ โ†’ โœ… ์†Œ์™ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(Fix the phrase: marginalized group/stratum.) ๐Ÿซ‚
Answer
๊ณ„์ธต โ€” Pitfall check: ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต is the natural policy phrase.
C. โŒ ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ถฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(Fix the formal collocation: supplement/improve a system.) ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” Pitfall check: ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural verb for institutional supplementation.
D. ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€์— ๋†“์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(A fact-finding survey should be conducted to find people left in policy blind spots.) ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์‹ค์‹œํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค means to conduct a fact-finding survey.
E. ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ํ˜„์‹ค์— ๋งž๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(To strengthen protection for vulnerable groups, support criteria must be adjusted to reality.) ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to adjust criteria.
F. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒญ๋งŒ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(If only online applications are allowed, people with low digital accessibility may be excluded from the system.) ๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
๋ฐฐ์ œ๋  โ€” Pitfall check: exclusion can happen through procedure, not only through explicit refusal.
G. ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
(There is a need to strengthen information sharing between ministries to reduce protection gaps.) ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•  โ€” ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต์œ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to strengthen information sharing.
H. ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ ํ•ด์†Œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ฆ์•ก๋ณด๋‹ค ์ œ๋„ ์„ค๊ณ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์š”๊ตฌํ•œ๋‹ค.
(Resolving blind spots requires institutional design improvement more than simple budget increases.) ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
๊ฐœ์„ ์„ โ€” Pitfall check: money may help, but design also matters.
I. ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต๊ณผ ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์€ ๊ฒน์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋œป์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
(Marginalized groups and vulnerable groups may overlap, but they do not always mean the same thing.) ๐Ÿงต
Answer
์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค โ€” Pitfall check: ์†Œ์™ธ emphasizes exclusion; ์ทจ์•ฝ emphasizes vulnerability.
J. ์ •์ฑ… ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
(The policy officer must identify omitted groups and prepare improvement measures.) ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ โ€” Final chain: ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ณด์™„์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ •์ฑ…์  ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ policy blind spot
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• โ†’ square
  • ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ marginalized group
  • ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ โ†’ class/rank
  • ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ social stratum/group
  • ์ œ๋„ โ†’ system/institution
  • ๋ณด์™„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to supplement/improve
  • ์‹คํƒœ ์กฐ์‚ฌ โ†’ fact-finding survey
  • ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conduct
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable group
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ protection
  • ์ง€์› ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ support criteria
  • ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to adjust
  • ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‹ ์ฒญ โ†’ online application
  • ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ โ†’ digital accessibility
  • ๋ฐฐ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be excluded
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ณต๋ฐฑ โ†’ protection gap
  • ๋ถ€์ฒ˜ ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต์œ  โ†’ inter-ministry information sharing
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€ ํ•ด์†Œ โ†’ resolution of blind spots
  • ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ฆ์•ก โ†’ budget increase
  • ์ œ๋„ ์„ค๊ณ„ โ†’ institutional design
  • ๊ฐœ์„  โ†’ improvement
  • ๊ฒน์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to overlap
  • ๋ˆ„๋ฝ๋œ ๋Œ€์ƒ โ†’ omitted target/group
  • ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to identify/check
  • ๋ณด์™„์ฑ… โ†’ improvement measure
  • ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prepare
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: say ์‚ฌ๊ฐ์ง€๋Œ€, ์†Œ์™ธ ๊ณ„์ธต, and ์ œ๋„์  ๋ณด์™„ โ€” those are the policy-ready forms.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ You did it โ€” you can now discuss policy gaps with precision and care. The best policy Korean does not just point at the hole; it shines a light into it, names who is inside, and explains how the system can become less leaky. ๐Ÿ•ณ๏ธ๐Ÿ”ฆ๐Ÿงฉ