⚖️

On the grounds of: -(으)ㄴ/는 점을 들어

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TL;DR 🦄
  • ⚖️ -(으)ㄴ/는 점을 들어 [eun/neun jeo-meul deu-reo] means “citing the fact/point that…” or “on the grounds that…”
  • 🧾 In polished Korean, the safest workhorse form is often -다는 점을 들어 [da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo]: package a whole fact, then use it as evidence.
  • 🗣️ It usually pairs with verbs like 반대하다 [ban-dae-ha-da] to oppose, 거절하다 [geo-jeol-ha-da] to refuse, 비판하다 [bi-pan-ha-da] to criticize, 주장하다 [ju-jang-ha-da] to claim, and 설명하다 [seol-myeong-ha-da] to explain.
🔊
🎧 Iru Helper Note — This grammar sounds like it brought a clipboard to the meeting. Paste any Korean sentence into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets to hear how the formal rhythm flows. 📋👂
 

🌈 The Big Picture

점 [jeom] means point, aspect, or fact, and 들다 [deul-da] can mean to cite / give / raise in expressions like 예를 들다 [ye-reul deul-da] “to give an example.” Put them together and 점을 들어 [jeo-meul deu-reo] means “citing that point as grounds.” 🧾
This grammar is advanced because it is less about “because” and more about how a speaker frames evidence. It often appears in news, reports, policy discussions, reviews, debates, and formal explanations. Think: “They opposed the plan, citing the fact that the cost is high.” 💼
Useful evidence nouns and topics in this lesson: 비용 [bi-yong] cost, 효과 [hyo-gwa] effect, 안전성 [an-jeon-sseong] safety, 자료 [ja-ryo] data/materials, 근거 [geun-geo] grounds/evidence, 절차 [jeol-cha] procedure, 문제 [mun-je] problem, 위험 [wi-heom] risk, 성과 [seong-gwa] achievement/result, 기록 [gi-rok] record, 전문가 [jeon-mun-ga] expert, and 학생 [hak-saeng] student. Tiny evidence army, assemble. 🪖
Useful predicates and action verbs: 크다 [keu-da] to be big, 낮다 [nat-da] to be low, 부족하다 [bu-jo-ka-da] to be insufficient, 복잡하다 [bok-ja-pa-da] to be complex, 발생하다 [bal-saeng-ha-da] to occur, 성공하다 [seong-gong-ha-da] to succeed, 명확하다 [myeong-hwa-ka-da] to be clear, 신뢰할 수 있다 [sil-roe-hal su it-da] to be reliable, 반대하다 [ban-dae-ha-da] to oppose, 거절하다 [geo-jeol-ha-da] to refuse, 비판하다 [bi-pan-ha-da] to criticize, 주장하다 [ju-jang-ha-da] to claim, 설명하다 [seol-myeong-ha-da] to explain, 보류하다 [bo-ryu-ha-da] to put on hold, 연기하다 [yeon-gi-ha-da] to postpone, 평가하다 [pyeong-ga-ha-da] to evaluate, and 인정하다 [in-jeong-ha-da] to acknowledge. 🧰
 

🎨 The Core “Citing Grounds” Family

  • 동사/형용사 + 다는 점을 들어 + 주장/반대/비판하다 = citing the fact that a verb/adjective statement is true.
      • Example: 비용이 크다는 점을 들어 반대했습니다. [bi-yo-ngi keu-da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo ban-dae-haet-seum-ni-da] = “They opposed it, citing the fact that the cost is high.” 💸
  • 과거 사실 + 았/었다는 점을 들어 = citing the fact that something happened.
      • Example: 문제가 발생했다는 점을 들어 보류했습니다. [mun-je-ga bal-saeng-haet-da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da] = “They put it on hold, citing the fact that a problem occurred.” 🚧
  • 명사 + (이)라는 점을 들어 = citing the fact that someone/something is a noun.
      • Example: 그가 전문가라는 점을 들어 신뢰했습니다. [geu-ga jeon-mun-ga-ra-neun jeo-meul deu-reo sil-roe-haet-seum-ni-da] = “They trusted it, citing the fact that the person is an expert.” 🧑‍⚖️
  • 점을 들어 [jeo-meul deu-reo] is usually followed by a judgment/action: 반대했습니다 opposed, 거절했습니다 refused, 비판했습니다 criticized, 주장했습니다 claimed, 설명했습니다 explained, 보류했습니다 put on hold, 연기했습니다 postponed, 평가했습니다 evaluated, or 인정했습니다 acknowledged. 📌
 

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

  • 절차가 복잡하다는 점을 들어 신청을 거절했습니다.
      • [jeol-cha-ga bok-ja-pa-da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo sin-cheong-eul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
      “They rejected the application, citing the fact that the procedure is complex.” 🧾
      절차 = procedure, 신청 = application, 거절하다 = to refuse/reject.
  • 안전성이 부족하다는 점을 들어 계획을 연기했습니다.
      • [an-jeon-sseong-i bu-jo-ka-da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo gye-hoe-geul yeon-gi-haet-seum-ni-da]
      “They postponed the plan, citing the fact that safety is insufficient.” 🦺
      안전성 = safety, 계획 = plan, 연기하다 = to postpone.
  • 자료가 명확하다는 점을 들어 결론을 인정했습니다.
      • [ja-ryo-ga myeong-hwa-ka-da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-lo-neul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
      “They acknowledged the conclusion, citing the fact that the data is clear.” 📊
      자료 = data/materials, 결론 = conclusion, 인정하다 = to acknowledge.
 

🧩 General Formation Rule

Present descriptive/verb fact: 절/문장 + 다는 점을 들어 + 판단 동사
  • 효과가 낮다는 점을 들어 비판했습니다. [hyo-gwa-ga nat-da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da] = “They criticized it, citing the fact that the effect is low.” 📉
Past event fact: 절/문장 + 았/었다는 점을 들어 + 판단 동사
  • 문제가 발생했다는 점을 들어 보류했습니다. [mun-je-ga bal-saeng-haet-da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da] = “They put it on hold, citing the fact that a problem occurred.” 🚧
Noun identity fact: 명사 + (이)라는 점을 들어 + 판단 동사
  • 그가 학생이라는 점을 들어 배려했습니다. [geu-ga hak-saeng-i-ra-neun jeo-meul deu-reo bae-ryeo-haet-seum-ni-da] = “They showed consideration, citing the fact that the person is a student.” 🎒
There is no special pronunciation trap here, but the spelling/spacing matters: 점을 들어 is written with a space because 들어 comes from 들다. Also, do not attach this grammar straight to a bare adjective like 비용이 큰 점을 들어 when you mean a full “fact that…” claim; in formal writing, 비용이 크다는 점을 들어 is clearer and more natural. 🧠
 

📚 Cross-check note

The vocabulary and grammar logic were cross-checked against korean.go.kr: 들다 can be used for citing or giving examples/grounds, and official Korean writing commonly packages full facts with forms like -다는 점. ✅
 

🪞 Synonym Alert

  • -다는 점을 들어 [da-neun jeo-meul deu-reo] — formal, evidence-framing “citing the fact that…,” often before criticism, refusal, opposition, or justification. ⚖️
  • -다는 이유로 [da-neun i-yu-ro] — “for the reason that…”; can sound more direct and sometimes less neutral. 🧾
  • -다는 근거로 [da-neun geun-geo-ro] — “on the grounds/evidence that…”; strongly evidence-focused. 🔍
  • -다는 점에서 [da-neun jeo-me-seo] — “in that / from the point that…”; used to evaluate a quality, not usually to cite a reason for an action. 📌
  • -다는 점을 감안하면 [da-neun jeo-meul ga-ma-na-myeon] — “considering the fact that…”; softer, more like weighing a factor. ⚖️
 

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • ❌ 비용이 큰 점을 들어 → ✅ 비용이 크다는 점을 들어 (Use -다는 점 to package the whole fact.) 💸
  • ❌ 문제가 발생하는 점을 들어 for a completed incident → ✅ 문제가 발생했다는 점을 들어 (Use past -았/었다는 for an event that already happened.) 🚧
  • ❌ 전문가인 점을 들어 in polished formal writing → ✅ 전문가라는 점을 들어 (For noun identity, (이)라는 점 is clearer.) 🧑‍⚖️
  • ❌ Using it for casual everyday excuses → ✅ Save it for formal evidence, reports, debates, reviews, and official explanations. 📋
  • ❌ Confusing it with -다는 점에서 → ✅ 점을 들어 cites a point as grounds for an action; 점에서 evaluates “in that respect.” 📌
 
🎉 You can now point to a fact like a tiny courtroom laser pointer: precise, formal, and ready to support a claim. 🔦⚖️
 
Try this exercise
Instructions: Complete each sentence with the form that packages the evidence naturally. Read the full sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the logic. 🧠
1. 비용이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 계획을 반대했습니다.
[bi-yo-ngi ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gye-hoe-geul ban-dae-haet-seum-ni-da]
They opposed the plan, citing the fact that the cost is high. 💸
Answer
크다는 — 크다 becomes 크다는 when you package the fact before 점. 💰
2. 효과가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 제안을 비판했습니다.
[hyo-gwa-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo je-a-neul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]
They criticized the proposal, citing the fact that the effect is low. 📉
Answer
낮다는 — 낮다 + 는 fact package → 낮다는 점. 📊
3. 안전성이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 결정을 보류했습니다.
[an-jeon-sseong-i ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-jeong-eul bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da]
They put the decision on hold, citing the fact that safety is insufficient. 🦺
Answer
부족하다는 — 부족하다 becomes 부족하다는 before 점. 🚧
4. 절차가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 신청을 거절했습니다.
[jeol-cha-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo sin-cheong-eul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
They rejected the application, citing the fact that the procedure is complex. 🧾
Answer
복잡하다는 — 복잡하다 → 복잡하다는 점. 📋
5. 문제가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 회의를 연기했습니다.
[mun-je-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo hoe-ui-reul yeon-gi-haet-seum-ni-da]
They postponed the meeting, citing the fact that a problem occurred. 🚧
Answer
발생했다는 — A completed event uses past packaging: 발생했다는 점. ⏳
6. 자료가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 결론을 인정했습니다.
[ja-ryo-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-lo-neul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the conclusion, citing the fact that the data is clear. 📊
Answer
명확하다는 — 명확하다 → 명확하다는 점. 🔍
7. 기록이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 주장을 설명했습니다.
[gi-ro-gi ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo ju-jang-eul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They explained the claim, citing the fact that the records are reliable. 🗂️
Answer
신뢰할 수 있다는 — 신뢰할 수 있다 becomes 신뢰할 수 있다는 before 점. 🧾
8. 그가 전문가＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 평가를 신뢰했습니다.
[geu-ga jeon-mun-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo pyeong-ga-reul sil-roe-haet-seum-ni-da]
They trusted the evaluation, citing the fact that the person is an expert. 🧑‍⚖️
Answer
라는 — 전문가 + 라는 점 = the fact that the person is an expert. 🎓
9. 그가 학생＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 상황을 배려했습니다.
[geu-ga hak-saeng ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo sang-hwa-neul bae-ryeo-haet-seum-ni-da]
They considered the situation, citing the fact that the person is a student. 🎒
Answer
이라는 — 학생 ends in a consonant, so use 이라는 점. 🏫
10. 성과가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 방식을 인정했습니다.
[seong-gwa-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo bang-si-geul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the method, citing the fact that the results were successful. 🏆
Answer
성공했다는 — A completed success uses past packaging: 성공했다는 점. 🎉
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 비용 → cost
  • 크다 → to be big
  • 계획 → plan
  • 반대하다 → to oppose
  • 효과 → effect
  • 낮다 → to be low
  • 제안 → proposal
  • 비판하다 → to criticize
  • 안전성 → safety
  • 부족하다 → to be insufficient
  • 결정 → decision
  • 보류하다 → to put on hold
  • 절차 → procedure
  • 복잡하다 → to be complex
  • 신청 → application
  • 거절하다 → to refuse/reject
  • 문제 → problem
  • 발생하다 → to occur
  • 회의 → meeting
  • 연기하다 → to postpone
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 명확하다 → to be clear
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 인정하다 → to acknowledge
  • 기록 → record
  • 신뢰할 수 있다 → to be reliable
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 전문가 → expert
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 학생 → student
  • 상황 → situation
  • 배려하다 → to consider/show consideration
  • 성과 → result/achievement
  • 성공하다 → to succeed
  • 방식 → method
Tip 💡 Full fact before 점? The mighty little package is usually -다는.
🚀
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below is ready to turn your evidence-framing into muscle memory. ⚖️
 
📦
🎯 Practice Hub — On the grounds of: -(으)ㄴ/는 점을 들어
 
Welcome to the evidence-framing gym. ⚖️ Here you’ll practice packaging facts with -다는 점을 들어, choosing noun and past forms, and using the expression with formal actions like opposing, refusing, criticizing, and explaining. Your Korean is about to sound very “I have reviewed the documents.” 📋
 
🔊 Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear one of these polished sentences aloud.
 
📝 Instructions: Fill each blank with the best form, say the full sentence aloud, and then open the Answer toggle. Pay attention to whether the blank packages a present fact, a past event, a noun identity, or the full “citing the point” expression.
 

Exercise 1 — Packaging Present Facts 📦

A. 비용이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 예산을 비판했습니다.
[bi-yo-ngi ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo ye-sa-neul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]
They criticized the budget, citing the fact that the cost is high. 💸
Answer
크다는 — 크다 + 는 fact package → 크다는 점. This is cleaner than 큰 점 for a full claim.
B. 효과가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 방식을 반대했습니다.
[hyo-gwa-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo bang-si-geul ban-dae-haet-seum-ni-da]
They opposed the method, citing the fact that the effect is low. 📉
Answer
낮다는 — 낮다 becomes 낮다는 before 점.
C. 안전성이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 제안을 거절했습니다.
[an-jeon-sseong-i ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo je-a-neul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
They rejected the proposal, citing the fact that safety is insufficient. 🦺
Answer
부족하다는 — 부족하다는 점 = the fact that it is insufficient.
D. 절차가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 신청을 보류했습니다.
[jeol-cha-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo sin-cheong-eul bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da]
They put the application on hold, citing the fact that the procedure is complex. 🧾
Answer
복잡하다는 — 복잡하다 → 복잡하다는 점.
E. 자료가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 결론을 인정했습니다.
[ja-ryo-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-lo-neul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the conclusion, citing the fact that the data is clear. 📊
Answer
명확하다는 — 명확하다 becomes 명확하다는 before 점.
F. 기록이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 근거를 신뢰했습니다.
[gi-ro-gi ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo geun-geo-reul sil-roe-haet-seum-ni-da]
They trusted the evidence, citing the fact that the records are reliable. 🗂️
Answer
신뢰할 수 있다는 — 신뢰할 수 있다 → 신뢰할 수 있다는 점.
G. 위험이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 결정을 연기했습니다.
[wi-heo-mi ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-jeong-eul yeon-gi-haet-seum-ni-da]
They postponed the decision, citing the fact that the risk is high. ⚠️
Answer
크다는 — 위험이 크다는 점 = the fact that the risk is high.
H. 성과가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 평가를 비판했습니다.
[seong-gwa-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo pyeong-ga-reul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]
They criticized the evaluation, citing the fact that the results are low. 📉
Answer
낮다는 — 성과가 낮다는 점 packages the evaluation point.
I. 근거가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 주장을 거절했습니다.
[geun-geo-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo ju-jang-eul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
They rejected the claim, citing the fact that the grounds are insufficient. 🔍
Answer
부족하다는 — 근거가 부족하다는 점 is a natural formal critique.
J. 설명이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 보고서를 인정했습니다.
[seol-myeong-i ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo bo-go-seo-reul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the report, citing the fact that the explanation is clear. 📄
Answer
명확하다는 — 명확하다는 점 gives the positive grounds.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 비용 → cost
  • 크다 → to be big/high
  • 예산 → budget
  • 비판하다 → to criticize
  • 효과 → effect
  • 낮다 → to be low
  • 방식 → method
  • 반대하다 → to oppose
  • 안전성 → safety
  • 부족하다 → to be insufficient
  • 제안 → proposal
  • 거절하다 → to refuse/reject
  • 절차 → procedure
  • 복잡하다 → to be complex
  • 신청 → application
  • 보류하다 → to put on hold
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 명확하다 → to be clear
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 인정하다 → to acknowledge
  • 기록 → record
  • 신뢰할 수 있다 → to be reliable
  • 근거 → evidence/grounds
  • 위험 → risk
  • 결정 → decision
  • 연기하다 → to postpone
  • 성과 → result/achievement
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설명 → explanation
  • 보고서 → report
Tip 💡 Present fact + 점 usually wants -다는.
 

Exercise 2 — Past Events and Noun Identity 🕰️

A. 문제가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 계획을 보류했습니다.
[mun-je-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gye-hoe-geul bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da]
They put the plan on hold, citing the fact that a problem occurred. 🚧
Answer
발생했다는 — Past event: 발생하다 → 발생했다는 점.
B. 성과가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 방식을 인정했습니다.
[seong-gwa-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo bang-si-geul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the method, citing the fact that the results succeeded. 🏆
Answer
성공했다는 — Past success: 성공했다는 점.
C. 회의가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 보고서를 비판했습니다.
[hoe-ui-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo bo-go-seo-reul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]
They criticized the report, citing the fact that the meeting was postponed. 📅
Answer
연기됐다는 — 연기되다 means to be postponed; here it packages a past event.
D. 신청이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 절차를 설명했습니다.
[sin-cheong-i ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo jeol-cha-reul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They explained the procedure, citing the fact that the application was rejected. 🧾
Answer
거절됐다는 — 거절되다 → 거절됐다는 점 for a completed passive event.
E. 그가 전문가＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 평가를 신뢰했습니다.
[geu-ga jeon-mun-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo pyeong-ga-reul sil-roe-haet-seum-ni-da]
They trusted the evaluation, citing the fact that the person is an expert. 🧑‍⚖️
Answer
라는 — 전문가 has no final consonant, so use 라는 점.
F. 그가 학생＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 결정을 배려했습니다.
[geu-ga hak-saeng ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-jeong-eul bae-ryeo-haet-seum-ni-da]
They considered the decision, citing the fact that the person is a student. 🎒
Answer
이라는 — 학생 ends in a consonant, so use 이라는 점.
G. 그것이 근거＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 주장을 인정했습니다.
[geu-geo-si geun-geo ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo ju-jang-eul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the claim, citing the fact that it is evidence. 🔍
Answer
라는 — 근거 ends in a vowel sound, so 라는 점 is natural.
H. 그것이 문제＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 제안을 반대했습니다.
[geu-geo-si mun-je ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo je-a-neul ban-dae-haet-seum-ni-da]
They opposed the proposal, citing the fact that it is a problem. ⚠️
Answer
라는 — 문제 + 라는 점 packages noun identity.
I. 위험이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 신청을 거절했습니다.
[wi-heo-mi ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo sin-cheong-eul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
They rejected the application, citing the fact that a risk occurred. 🚨
Answer
발생했다는 — For an occurred risk, use the past event package.
J. 결론이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 자료를 신뢰했습니다.
[gyeol-lo-ni ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo ja-ryo-reul sil-roe-haet-seum-ni-da]
They trusted the data, citing the fact that the conclusion became clear. 💡
Answer
명확해졌다는 — 명확해지다 means to become clear; the past fact is 명확해졌다는 점.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 문제 → problem
  • 발생하다 → to occur
  • 계획 → plan
  • 보류하다 → to put on hold
  • 성과 → result/achievement
  • 성공하다 → to succeed
  • 방식 → method
  • 인정하다 → to acknowledge
  • 회의 → meeting
  • 연기되다 → to be postponed
  • 보고서 → report
  • 비판하다 → to criticize
  • 신청 → application
  • 거절되다 → to be rejected
  • 절차 → procedure
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 전문가 → expert
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 신뢰하다 → to trust
  • 학생 → student
  • 결정 → decision
  • 배려하다 → to consider/show consideration
  • 근거 → evidence/grounds
  • 주장 → claim
  • 제안 → proposal
  • 반대하다 → to oppose
  • 위험 → risk
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 명확해지다 → to become clear
  • 자료 → data/materials
Tip 💡 Past event? Use -았/었다는 점. Noun identity? Use (이)라는 점.
 

Exercise 3 — Finish the Full Evidence Frame ⚖️

A. 비용이 크다는 ＿＿＿＿ 예산을 반대했습니다.
[bi-yo-ngi keu-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ ye-sa-neul ban-dae-haet-seum-ni-da]
They opposed the budget, citing the fact that the cost is high. 💸
Answer
점을 들어 — This completes the evidence frame: fact + 점을 들어 + action.
B. 효과가 낮다는 ＿＿＿＿ 제안을 거절했습니다.
[hyo-gwa-ga nat-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ je-a-neul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
They rejected the proposal, citing the fact that the effect is low. 📉
Answer
점을 들어 — The point becomes the reason for rejection.
C. 안전성이 부족하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 계획을 연기했습니다.
[an-jeon-sseong-i bu-jo-ka-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ gye-hoe-geul yeon-gi-haet-seum-ni-da]
They postponed the plan, citing the fact that safety is insufficient. 🦺
Answer
점을 들어 — 점을 들어 frames the safety issue as grounds.
D. 절차가 복잡하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 신청을 보류했습니다.
[jeol-cha-ga bok-ja-pa-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ sin-cheong-eul bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da]
They put the application on hold, citing the fact that the procedure is complex. 🧾
Answer
점을 들어 — A formal reason for a formal action.
E. 문제가 발생했다는 ＿＿＿＿ 회의를 연기했습니다.
[mun-je-ga bal-saeng-haet-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ hoe-ui-reul yeon-gi-haet-seum-ni-da]
They postponed the meeting, citing the fact that a problem occurred. 📅
Answer
점을 들어 — Past fact + 점을 들어 works smoothly.
F. 자료가 명확하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 결론을 인정했습니다.
[ja-ryo-ga myeong-hwa-ka-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-lo-neul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the conclusion, citing the fact that the data is clear. 📊
Answer
점을 들어 — Positive evidence can also be cited.
G. 기록이 신뢰할 수 있다는 ＿＿＿＿ 주장을 설명했습니다.
[gi-ro-gi sil-roe-hal su it-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They explained the claim, citing the fact that the records are reliable. 🗂️
Answer
점을 들어 — The reliable record is the cited point.
H. 그가 전문가라는 ＿＿＿＿ 평가를 신뢰했습니다.
[geu-ga jeon-mun-ga-ra-neun ＿＿＿＿ pyeong-ga-reul sil-roe-haet-seum-ni-da]
They trusted the evaluation, citing the fact that the person is an expert. 🧑‍⚖️
Answer
점을 들어 — Noun identity + 점을 들어 = citing that identity as grounds.
I. 성과가 성공했다는 ＿＿＿＿ 방식을 인정했습니다.
[seong-gwa-ga seong-gong-haet-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ bang-si-geul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the method, citing the fact that the results succeeded. 🏆
Answer
점을 들어 — A successful outcome can support recognition.
J. 근거가 부족하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 보고서를 비판했습니다.
[geun-geo-ga bu-jo-ka-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ bo-go-seo-reul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]
They criticized the report, citing the fact that the evidence is insufficient. 🔍
Answer
점을 들어 — Classic critical use: cite the weak grounds, then criticize.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 점을 들어 → citing the point/fact
  • 비용 → cost
  • 크다 → to be big/high
  • 예산 → budget
  • 반대하다 → to oppose
  • 효과 → effect
  • 낮다 → to be low
  • 제안 → proposal
  • 거절하다 → to refuse/reject
  • 안전성 → safety
  • 부족하다 → to be insufficient
  • 계획 → plan
  • 연기하다 → to postpone
  • 절차 → procedure
  • 복잡하다 → to be complex
  • 신청 → application
  • 보류하다 → to put on hold
  • 문제 → problem
  • 발생하다 → to occur
  • 회의 → meeting
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 명확하다 → to be clear
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 인정하다 → to acknowledge
  • 기록 → record
  • 신뢰할 수 있다 → to be reliable
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 전문가 → expert
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 성과 → result/achievement
  • 성공하다 → to succeed
  • 방식 → method
  • 근거 → evidence/grounds
  • 보고서 → report
  • 비판하다 → to criticize
Tip 💡 The full frame is usually: fact package + 점을 들어 + formal action.
 

Exercise 4 — Synonym Sense Check 🪞

A. 비용이 크다는 ＿＿＿＿ 계획을 반대했습니다.
[bi-yo-ngi keu-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ gye-hoe-geul ban-dae-haet-seum-ni-da]
They opposed the plan, citing the fact that the cost is high. 💸
Answer
점을 들어 — Formal evidence-framing: “citing the point/fact.”
B. 효과가 낮다는 ＿＿＿＿ 제안을 거절했습니다.
[hyo-gwa-ga nat-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ je-a-neul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
They rejected the proposal for the reason that the effect is low. 📉
Answer
이유로 — 이유로 means “for the reason that,” more direct than 점을 들어.
C. 자료가 명확하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 결론을 인정했습니다.
[ja-ryo-ga myeong-hwa-ka-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-lo-neul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the conclusion on the grounds that the data is clear. 📊
Answer
근거로 — 근거로 strongly highlights evidence/grounds.
D. 안전성이 부족하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 계획은 위험합니다.
[an-jeon-sseong-i bu-jo-ka-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ gye-hoe-geun wi-heom-ham-ni-da]
In that safety is insufficient, the plan is risky. 🦺
Answer
점에서 — 점에서 evaluates “in that respect,” not citing grounds for an action.
E. 절차가 복잡하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 신청을 보류했습니다.
[jeol-cha-ga bok-ja-pa-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ sin-cheong-eul bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da]
They put the application on hold, considering the fact that the procedure is complex. 🧾
Answer
점을 감안하여 — 감안하여 means “taking into account / considering.”
F. 근거가 부족하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 보고서를 비판했습니다.
[geun-geo-ga bu-jo-ka-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ bo-go-seo-reul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]
They criticized the report, citing the fact that the evidence is insufficient. 🔍
Answer
점을 들어 — This fits a formal criticism very naturally.
G. 기록이 신뢰할 수 있다는 ＿＿＿＿ 주장을 설명했습니다.
[gi-ro-gi sil-roe-hal su it-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They explained the claim on the evidence that the records are reliable. 🗂️
Answer
근거로 — 근거로 focuses directly on the evidence.
H. 문제가 발생했다는 ＿＿＿＿ 회의를 연기했습니다.
[mun-je-ga bal-saeng-haet-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ hoe-ui-reul yeon-gi-haet-seum-ni-da]
They postponed the meeting for the reason that a problem occurred. 🚧
Answer
이유로 — 이유로 is a reason marker; less “evidence-citing” than 점을 들어.
I. 전문가라는 ＿＿＿＿ 평가는 신뢰할 수 있습니다.
[jeon-mun-ga-ra-neun ＿＿＿＿ pyeong-ga-neun sil-roe-hal su it-seum-ni-da]
In that the person is an expert, the evaluation can be trusted. 🧑‍⚖️
Answer
점에서 — 점에서 evaluates the situation “in that respect.”
J. 성과가 성공했다는 ＿＿＿＿ 방식을 인정했습니다.
[seong-gwa-ga seong-gong-haet-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ bang-si-geul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the method, taking into account that the results succeeded. 🏆
Answer
점을 감안하여 — 감안하여 is softer: considering/weighing the point.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 점을 들어 → citing the fact/point
  • 이유로 → for the reason
  • 근거로 → on the grounds/evidence
  • 점에서 → in that respect
  • 점을 감안하여 → considering the fact/point
  • 비용 → cost
  • 크다 → to be big/high
  • 계획 → plan
  • 반대하다 → to oppose
  • 효과 → effect
  • 낮다 → to be low
  • 제안 → proposal
  • 거절하다 → to refuse/reject
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 명확하다 → to be clear
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 인정하다 → to acknowledge
  • 안전성 → safety
  • 부족하다 → to be insufficient
  • 위험하다 → to be risky/dangerous
  • 절차 → procedure
  • 복잡하다 → to be complex
  • 신청 → application
  • 보류하다 → to put on hold
  • 근거 → evidence/grounds
  • 보고서 → report
  • 비판하다 → to criticize
  • 기록 → record
  • 신뢰할 수 있다 → to be reliable
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 문제 → problem
  • 발생하다 → to occur
  • 회의 → meeting
  • 연기하다 → to postpone
  • 전문가 → expert
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 성과 → result/achievement
  • 성공하다 → to succeed
  • 방식 → method
Tip 💡 Pick the nuance: citing, reason, evidence, respect, or consideration.
 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. 비용이 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 예산을 반대했습니다.
[bi-yo-ngi ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo ye-sa-neul ban-dae-haet-seum-ni-da]
They opposed the budget, citing the fact that the cost is high. 💸
Answer
크다는 — ❌ 비용이 큰 점을 들어 → ✅ 비용이 크다는 점을 들어. Package the whole fact.
B. 문제가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 결정을 보류했습니다.
[mun-je-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-jeong-eul bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da]
They put the decision on hold, citing the fact that a problem occurred. 🚧
Answer
발생했다는 — ❌ 발생하는 점 for a completed incident → ✅ 발생했다는 점.
C. 그가 학생＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 상황을 배려했습니다.
[geu-ga hak-saeng ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo sang-hwa-neul bae-ryeo-haet-seum-ni-da]
They considered the situation, citing the fact that the person is a student. 🎒
Answer
이라는 — ❌ 학생인 점 can be understandable, but ✅ 학생이라는 점 is clearer and more polished.
D. 안전성이 부족하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 계획을 연기했습니다.
[an-jeon-sseong-i bu-jo-ka-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ gye-hoe-geul yeon-gi-haet-seum-ni-da]
They postponed the plan, citing the fact that safety is insufficient. 🦺
Answer
점을 들어 — ❌ 점에서 would mean “in that respect”; ✅ 점을 들어 cites it as grounds for action.
E. 효과가 낮다는 ＿＿＿＿ 제안을 거절했습니다.
[hyo-gwa-ga nat-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ je-a-neul geo-jeol-haet-seum-ni-da]
They rejected the proposal, citing the fact that the effect is low. 📉
Answer
점을 들어 — Good formal pairing: weak effect → rejection.
F. 자료가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 결론을 인정했습니다.
[ja-ryo-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo gyeol-lo-neul in-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They acknowledged the conclusion, citing the fact that the data is clear. 📊
Answer
명확하다는 — ❌ 명확한 점을 들어 can sound like “a clear point”; ✅ 명확하다는 점 packages the claim.
G. 기록이 신뢰할 수 있다는 ＿＿＿＿ 주장을 설명했습니다.
[gi-ro-gi sil-roe-hal su it-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
They explained the claim, citing the fact that the records are reliable. 🗂️
Answer
점을 들어 — The reliable-record fact supports the explanation.
H. 전문가＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 평가를 신뢰했습니다.
[jeon-mun-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo pyeong-ga-reul sil-roe-haet-seum-ni-da]
They trusted the evaluation, citing the fact that the person is an expert. 🧑‍⚖️
Answer
라는 — Noun identity: 전문가라는 점. No need for 크다/낮다-style packaging.
I. 절차가 복잡하다는 ＿＿＿＿ 신청을 보류했습니다.
[jeol-cha-ga bok-ja-pa-da-neun ＿＿＿＿ sin-cheong-eul bo-ryu-haet-seum-ni-da]
They put the application on hold, citing the fact that the procedure is complex. 🧾
Answer
점을 들어 — A formal procedure issue becomes the cited grounds.
J. 근거가 ＿＿＿＿ 점을 들어 보고서를 비판했습니다.
[geun-geo-ga ＿＿＿＿ jeo-meul deu-reo bo-go-seo-reul bi-pan-haet-seum-ni-da]
They criticized the report, citing the fact that the grounds are insufficient. 🔍
Answer
부족하다는 — Final pitfall check: don’t say 부족한 점 if you mean “the fact that it is insufficient.”
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 비용 → cost
  • 크다 → to be big/high
  • 예산 → budget
  • 반대하다 → to oppose
  • 문제 → problem
  • 발생하다 → to occur
  • 결정 → decision
  • 보류하다 → to put on hold
  • 학생 → student
  • 상황 → situation
  • 배려하다 → to consider/show consideration
  • 안전성 → safety
  • 부족하다 → to be insufficient
  • 계획 → plan
  • 연기하다 → to postpone
  • 효과 → effect
  • 낮다 → to be low
  • 제안 → proposal
  • 거절하다 → to refuse/reject
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 명확하다 → to be clear
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 인정하다 → to acknowledge
  • 기록 → record
  • 신뢰할 수 있다 → to be reliable
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 전문가 → expert
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 절차 → procedure
  • 복잡하다 → to be complex
  • 신청 → application
  • 근거 → evidence/grounds
  • 보고서 → report
  • 비판하다 → to criticize
  • 점을 들어 → citing the point/fact
  • 점에서 → in that respect
Tip 💡 Pitfall patrol: use -다는 점 for a full fact, (이)라는 점 for noun identity, and 점을 들어 when that point supports an action.
 
🎉 Evidence-framing complete! You can now cite facts, past events, and formal grounds with -(으)ㄴ/는 점을 들어 like a calm debate wizard holding a very organized folder. 🧙‍♂️📁