๐Ÿง 

Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Growth

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Keywords
๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ / ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ / ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ / ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿง 
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿง  ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ means the brainโ€™s capacity to change its structure or function through experience, learning, recovery, and repeated practice.
  • ๐ŸŒฑ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ is broader than โ€œknowing moreโ€; it includes stronger attention, memory, reasoning, self-regulation, and problem-solving.
  • ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ Advanced Korean texts often connect ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ, ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™, and ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง through cause-and-result language: experience changes the brain, and that change supports learning.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” When you want to hear any Korean term or full sentence from this lesson, open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and type it in for audio playback. Try the key chain first: ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ†’ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง โ†’ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ. Tiny brain gym, no sneakers required. ๐Ÿ‘Ÿ

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Advanced Korean writing often explains learning as a dynamic system: a person encounters new input, the brain adapts, neural connections become more efficient, and learning ability gradually improves. The key word is not โ€œmagic.โ€ It is ๋ณ€ํ™” โ€” change. ๐Ÿ”„
The topic Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Growth is useful for reading academic essays, science articles, education policy discussions, psychology summaries, and opinion texts about lifelong learning. In Korean, you will often see this topic framed with nouns like ๋‡Œ (brain), ๊ฒฝํ—˜ (experience), ํ•™์Šต (learning), ๊ธฐ์–ต (memory), and ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ (thinking ability). ๐Ÿงฉ
A strong advanced learner should recognize not only the nouns, but also the relationships between them:
  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค. (New experiences promote changes in the brain.) ๐ŸŒฑ
  • ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•™์Šต์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. (Repeated learning strengthens neural networks.) ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ํ•™์Šต ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค. (Cognitive growth is influenced by learning strategies and environment.) ๐ŸŒ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Neuroplasticity Family

๐Ÿง  1. ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ€” neuroplasticity

๋‡Œ means โ€œbrain,โ€ and ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ means plasticity, flexibility, or capacity for change. Together, ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ refers to the brainโ€™s ability to reorganize or change through experience, training, learning, injury recovery, or environmental input.
Natural combinations:
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค โ€” brain plasticity is high
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to promote neuroplasticity
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค โ€” to affect neuroplasticity
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” brain function changes

๐ŸŒฑ 2. ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ โ€” cognitive growth

์ธ์ง€์  means โ€œcognitive,โ€ related to thinking and understanding. ์„ฑ์žฅ means โ€œgrowth.โ€ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ includes improved attention, memory, reasoning, judgment, problem-solving, and self-regulation. It is not just a bigger fact pile in the mental closet. ๐Ÿงบ
Natural combinations:
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to promote cognitive growth
  • ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค โ€” cognitive ability improves
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” thinking ability develops
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ€” problem-solving ability is strengthened

๐Ÿ“š 3. ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ€” learning ability

ํ•™์Šต means learning, and ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ means ability. ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ refers to the ability to absorb, process, remember, and apply new information.
Natural combinations:
  • ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ€” to improve learning ability
  • ํ•™์Šต ํšจ์œจ์„ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค โ€” to increase learning efficiency
  • ๋ณต์Šต ์ „๋žต์„ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to use review strategies
  • ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to develop through sustained training

๐Ÿ”ฌ 4. ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ โ€” brain science / neuroscience

๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ is brain science or neuroscience. In academic Korean, it often appears with evidence language.
Natural combinations:
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ€” brain science research / neuroscience research
  • ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to present scientific evidence
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋‹ค โ€” research findings show
  • ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to explain the process of memory formation

๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ 5. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง โ€” neural network

์‹ ๊ฒฝ means nerve or neural, and ๋ง means network. In this lesson, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง refers primarily to biological neural networks in the brain, not AI systems.
Natural combinations:
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ํ˜•์„ฑ๋˜๋‹ค โ€” a neural network forms
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค โ€” a neural network is strengthened
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋‹ค โ€” neural connections are reorganized
  • ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to process information

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

Pattern 1: A์€/๋Š” B์„/๋ฅผ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค
This academic frame means โ€œA functions as a factor that promotes B.โ€ Use it when showing cause or influence. โš™๏ธ
  • ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค. (Repeated learning functions as a factor that promotes neuroplasticity.) ๐Ÿ“š
    • ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•™์Šต = repeated learning; ์š”์ธ = factor; ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค = to function / operate.
Pattern 2: A์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, B์€/๋Š” C์™€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
This frame means โ€œAccording to A, B is closely related to C.โ€ It is useful for research-based writing. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. (According to brain science research, sleep is closely related to memory formation.) ๐Ÿ˜ด
    • ์ˆ˜๋ฉด = sleep; ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ = memory formation; ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ = close relationship.
Pattern 3: A์„/๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด B์ด/๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค
This frame means โ€œThrough A, B can be strengthened.โ€ It is useful for describing training, practice, and development. ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
  • ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. (Through steady practice, the related neural network can be strengthened.) ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
    • ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ์—ฐ์Šต = steady practice; ๊ด€๋ จ = related; ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = to be strengthened.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

For this advanced vocabulary topic, the โ€œformationโ€ work is mostly about building academic noun phrases and cause-result sentences.
  1. Noun + noun compounds often compress big ideas:
      • ๋‡Œ + ๊ณผํ•™ โ†’ ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ (brain science)
      • ํ•™์Šต + ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ†’ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ (learning ability)
      • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ + ๋ง โ†’ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง (neural network)
  1. Sino-Korean abstract nouns often pair with academic verbs:
      • ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค (to promote)
      • ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค (to improve)
      • ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to develop)
      • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋‹ค (to be reorganized)
  1. Cause-result connectors help organize the logic:
      • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ (therefore)
      • ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ (as a result)
      • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด (through this)
      • ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— (on the other hand)

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

Key terms and usage patterns in this lesson were checked against ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› resources, including Korean.go.kr / ์˜จ์šฉ์–ด entries for specialized vocabulary such as ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ and related brain-science terminology. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ†” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ: both can refer to neuroplasticity, but ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ sounds more technical and science-specific. ๐Ÿงช
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ โ†” ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ: ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ is common in developmental psychology and education; ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ sounds broader and essay-friendly. ๐ŸŒฑ
  • ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ†” ํ•™์Šต ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰: ํ•™์Šต ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ sounds more formal, often used in education policy or competency-based discussion. ๐ŸŽ“
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง โ†” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง: ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง is more explicit about connected neural pathways. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ = everyday โ€œplasticโ€ โ†’ โœ… In ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ, it means adaptability or changeability, not a plastic material. ๐Ÿงด
  • โŒ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ = simply memorizing more facts โ†’ โœ… It includes reasoning, attention, judgment, problem-solving, and self-regulation. ๐Ÿง 
  • โŒ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ = only natural talent โ†’ โœ… It can be shaped by sleep, feedback, repetition, emotion, environment, and strategy. ๐ŸŒ™
  • โŒ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง always means AI network โ†’ โœ… In this lesson, it mainly means biological neural networks in the brain. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
  • โŒ Overclaiming with ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด (unconditionally / no matter what) โ†’ โœ… Academic writing usually prefers cautious verbs like ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (can affect) or ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค (is related). โš–๏ธ
Nice work โ€” this vocabulary lets you discuss learning as a living process, not a frozen talent score. Your brain is not a dusty bookshelf; it is a renovation project with excellent lighting. ๐Ÿง โœจ

Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean term or academic expression. Say the completed sentence aloud, check the meaning, then open the Answer toggle to confirm the logic. ๐Ÿง 
1. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•™์Šต์€ ๋‡Œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Repeated learning can promote brain plasticity. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ€” ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ means the brainโ€™s capacity to change through experience and learning. ๐Ÿง 
2. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค.
New experiences affect the formation of neural networks. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
ํ˜•์„ฑ โ€” ํ˜•์„ฑ means formation; it pairs naturally with ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
3. ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณผ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Sufficient sleep is related to the process of memory formation. ๐Ÿ˜ด
Answer
ํ˜•์„ฑ โ€” ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ ๊ณผ์ • means the process of memory formation. ๐ŸŒ™
4. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋•๋Š”๋‹ค.
Solving various problems supports cognitive growth. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์„ฑ์žฅ โ€” ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ includes improvement in thinking and problem-solving. ๐ŸŒฑ
5. ๋ณต์Šต ์ „๋žต์€ ํ•™์Šต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†’์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Review strategies can increase learning efficiency. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
ํšจ์œจ โ€” ํ•™์Šต ํšจ์œจ means learning efficiency; ๋†’์ด๋‹ค means to increase. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
6. ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
According to brain science research, training can promote the reorganization of neural connections. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
์ด‰์ง„ โ€” ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to promote; here the noun form fits before ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. โš™๏ธ
7. ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Cognitive ability can be improved through sustained training. ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค means to improve. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
8. ํ•™์Šต ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค.
The learning environment has a positive influence on learning ability. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
์˜ํ–ฅ โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค means to influence or affect. ๐ŸŒŠ
9. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง€์‹์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค.
The development of thinking ability differs from a simple increase in knowledge. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์ฆ๊ฐ€ โ€” ์ฆ๊ฐ€ means increase; the sentence contrasts deeper cognitive growth with just knowing more facts. ๐Ÿ“š
10. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์—ฐ์Šต๊ณผ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง ๊ฐ•ํ™”์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค.
Research findings show the relationship between repeated practice and neural network strengthening. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ โ€” ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ means relevance or relationship. ๐Ÿ”—
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ†’ neuroplasticity
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง โ†’ neural network
  • ํ˜•์„ฑ โ†’ formation
  • ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ โ†’ memory formation
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ โ†’ cognitive growth
  • ํ•™์Šต ํšจ์œจ โ†’ learning efficiency
  • ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to promote
  • ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to improve
  • ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to influence
  • ์ฆ๊ฐ€ โ†’ increase
  • ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ โ†’ relationship / relevance
Memory tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ํ˜•์„ฑ builds; ๊ฐ•ํ™” strengthens.
  • ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค is safer than overclaiming.
  • ์ธ์ง€ points to thinking and understanding.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub below when you're ready to make these brainy terms feel automatic. ๐Ÿง โœจ
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Growth
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Welcome to your advanced vocabulary gym for Neuroplasticity and Cognitive Growth. ๐Ÿง  Youโ€™ll practice the terms as a connected academic system: brain change, neural networks, learning strategies, evidence language, and careful cause-result claims. By the end, phrases like ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค and ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋•๋‹ค should feel less like science fog and more like a well-lit study desk. ๐Ÿ’ก
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence or term aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best word or expression. Focus on academic collocation, cautious claims, and meaning. Read the full Korean sentence, check the English meaning, then open the Answer toggle.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Core Terms in Context ๐Ÿง 

A. ๋‡Œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‡Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
Brain plasticity means the brainโ€™s ability to change through experience. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ€” ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ is the core term for neuroplasticity.
B. ์ธ์ง€์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
Cognitive growth includes the development of thinking ability and problem-solving ability. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์„ฑ์žฅ โ€” ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ is broader than memorizing facts.
C. ํ•™์Šต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์ ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ด๋‹ค.
Learning ability is the power to understand and apply information. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ€” ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ means learning ability.
D. ๋‡Œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์–ต๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Brain science research explains the relationship between memory and learning. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
๊ณผํ•™ โ€” ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ is a natural academic phrase.
E. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ด๋‹ค.
A neural network is a connected structure that processes information. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
๋ง โ€” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง means neural network.
F. ๊ธฐ์–ต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The process of memory formation is closely related to sleep. ๐Ÿ˜ด
Answer
ํ˜•์„ฑ โ€” ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ means memory formation.
G. ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋‹ค.
The development of thinking ability is one part of cognitive growth. ๐Ÿ’ญ
Answer
๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ โ€” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ means development.
H. ํ•™์Šต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋” ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ๋งํ•œ๋‹ค.
Learning efficiency means how effectively someone learns in the same amount of time. โฑ๏ธ
Answer
ํšจ์œจ โ€” ํ•™์Šต ํšจ์œจ means learning efficiency.
I. ๊ณผํ•™์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ๋” ์„ค๋“๋ ฅ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
Scientific evidence makes an argument more persuasive. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ means scientific evidence.
J. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Environment can have a positive influence on learning ability. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
์˜ํ–ฅ โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ๋‹ค and ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค both mean to influence.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ†’ neuroplasticity
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ โ†’ cognitive growth
  • ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ โ†’ learning ability
  • ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ brain science research
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง โ†’ neural network
  • ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ โ†’ memory formation
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ โ†’ thinking ability
  • ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ โ†’ development
  • ํ•™์Šต ํšจ์œจ โ†’ learning efficiency
  • ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ scientific evidence
  • ์˜ํ–ฅ โ†’ influence
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก This set checks whether you can identify the core noun phrases before building longer arguments.

Exercise 2 โ€” Academic Verbs and Collocations โš™๏ธ

A. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
New experiences can promote neuroplasticity. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ด‰์ง„ โ€” ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to promote; here ์ด‰์ง„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค is the full verb phrase.
B. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Repeated practice strengthens the related neural network. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to strengthen.
C. ๋ณต์Šต ์ „๋žต์€ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.
Review strategies improve learning ability. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to improve something.
D. ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Cognitive ability can be improved through training. ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
Answer
ํ–ฅ์ƒ โ€” ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค means to improve or be improved.
E. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Neural connections can be reorganized according to experience. ๐Ÿ”„
Answer
์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ โ€” ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋‹ค means to be reorganized.
F. ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Brain science research presents scientific evidence. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
์ œ์‹œ โ€” ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค means to present.
G. ํ•™์Šต ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
Learning experiences accumulate over time. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
์ถ•์  โ€” ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋‹ค means to accumulate.
H. ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Problem-solving ability develops through various tasks. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ โ€” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to develop.
I. ํ•™์Šต ์ „๋žต์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
Learning strategies affect outcomes. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
๋ฏธ์นœ โ€” The full expression is ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค. In this sentence, ๋ฏธ์นœ๋‹ค completes the present-tense form.
J. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ์˜ ๊ด€๋ จ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค€๋‹ค.
Research findings show the relationship between sleep and memory formation. ๐ŸŒ™
Answer
๋ณด์—ฌ โ€” ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋‹ค means to show.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜ โ†’ new experience
  • ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to promote
  • ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์—ฐ์Šต โ†’ repeated practice
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
  • ๋ณต์Šต ์ „๋žต โ†’ review strategy
  • ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค โ†’ to improve something
  • ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to improve / be improved
  • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be reorganized
  • ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to present
  • ์ถ•์ ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to accumulate
  • ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to develop
  • ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to affect
  • ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋‹ค โ†’ to show
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Advanced vocabulary sounds natural when the noun and verb are a standard pair.

Exercise 3 โ€” Evidence and Cause-Result Logic ๐Ÿ”ฌ

A. ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
According to brain science research, sleep is related to memory formation. ๐Ÿ˜ด
Answer
๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด โ€” A์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด means according to A.
B. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ํ•™์Šต์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Repeated learning strengthens neural networks. Therefore, learning ability can also improve. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
Answer
๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ โ€” ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ connects cause to result.
C. ๊พธ์ค€ํ•œ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์€ ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Steady training promotes neuroplasticity. Through this, it helps cognitive growth. ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
Answer
์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด โ€” ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด means through this.
D. ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์ „๋žต์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค.
Learning ability is not determined only by innate talent. On the other hand, it is also influenced by environment and strategy. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— โ€” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— contrasts another side of the argument.
E. ์‹คํ—˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์—ฐ์Šต์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค.
Experimental results show the effect of repeated practice. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ€” ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ means experimental results.
F. ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋‡Œ๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
According to scientific evidence, the brain can change according to experience. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด โ€” A์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด also means according to A; it sounds formal.
G. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์— ์ž๊ทน์„ ์ค€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์ด ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
New experiences stimulate neural connections. As a result, neural networks can be strengthened. โšก
Answer
๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ€” ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ means as a result.
H. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์ด ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ๋‹ค.
Experts explain that sleep is important for memory formation. ๐Ÿ›Œ
Answer
์„ค๋ช… โ€” ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค means to explain.
I. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ์ „๋žต๊ณผ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค.
Research findings show that learning strategies and outcomes have a close relationship. ๐Ÿ”—
Answer
๊ด€๋ จ โ€” ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค means to be closely related.
J. ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์— ์™„์„ฑ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค.
Cognitive growth is not completed in a short period; it happens gradually. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ€” A์ด/๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ B means not A but B.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • A์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด โ†’ according to A
  • ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ โ†’ therefore
  • ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด โ†’ through this
  • ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— โ†’ on the other hand
  • ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ†’ experimental results
  • A์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด โ†’ according to A
  • ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ†’ as a result
  • ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to explain
  • ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•œ ๊ด€๋ จ โ†’ close relationship
  • ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ†’ not A but B
  • ์ ์ง„์ ์œผ๋กœ โ†’ gradually
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Evidence language keeps advanced writing careful instead of loud.

Exercise 4 โ€” Synonyms and Register ๐ŸŽ“

A. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ ์ธ ํ‘œํ˜„์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Neural plasticity can be used as a more technical expression than brain plasticity. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ€” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ is a technical synonym for neuroplasticity.
B. ์ธ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๊ต์œกํ•™๊ณผ ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌํ•™์—์„œ ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ํ‘œํ˜„์ด๋‹ค.
Cognitive development is a common expression in education and psychology. ๐ŸŽ“
Answer
๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ โ€” ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ is common in developmental and educational contexts.
C. ํ•™์Šต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฌธ์„œ์—์„œ ๋” ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Learning competency can sound more formal than learning ability in policy documents. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ โ€” ํ•™์Šต ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ sounds formal and policy-friendly.
D. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ธ๋‹ค.
Neural connection network makes the connected structure clearer than neural network. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
๋ง โ€” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง explicitly highlights connected pathways.
E. ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ง€์‹ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค.
Cognitive growth has a broader meaning than a simple increase in knowledge. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
๋„“์€ โ€” ๋„“๋‹ค means broad or wide; here it describes meaning.
F. ๋‡Œ ๊ณผํ•™์€ ์ผ์ƒ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ๋” ์ž์ฃผ ์“ฐ์ธ๋‹ค.
Brain science is used more often in academic contexts than in everyday conversation. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋งฅ๋ฝ โ€” ๋งฅ๋ฝ means context.
G. ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š” ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When discussing learning ability, one can emphasize developmental potential rather than innate talent. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ โ€” ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means developmental potential.
H. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋„ ์“ฐ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Neural network is also used in AI, but here the biological meaning is primary. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
์ค‘์‹ฌ โ€” ์ค‘์‹ฌ means center or focus.
I. ์ธ์ง€ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋ ฅ์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Improvement in cognitive ability can include improvement in thinking ability and memory. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
ํฌํ•จ โ€” ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋‹ค means to include.
J. ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์€ ๊ณ ์ •์„ฑ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐœ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Plasticity can be understood as a concept opposite to fixedness. ๐Ÿ”„
Answer
๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ โ€” ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋… means opposite concept.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ โ†’ neural plasticity
  • ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ โ†’ cognitive development
  • ํ•™์Šต ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ learning competency
  • ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ง โ†’ neural connection network
  • ๋„“๋‹ค โ†’ to be broad / wide
  • ๋งฅ๋ฝ โ†’ context
  • ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ developmental potential
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์˜๋ฏธ โ†’ biological meaning
  • ์ค‘์‹ฌ โ†’ center / focus
  • ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to include
  • ๊ณ ์ •์„ฑ โ†’ fixedness
  • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ๊ฐœ๋… โ†’ opposite concept
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Synonyms are not always interchangeable; register and field matter.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์€ ํ”Œ๋ผ์Šคํ‹ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋œปํ•œ๋‹ค.
Neuroplasticity does not mean plastic material; it means capacity for change. ๐Ÿงด
Answer
๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” โŒ Do not read ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ as everyday plastic. โœ… In this topic, it means changeability or adaptability.
B. ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์•”๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Cognitive growth is not simply an increase in the amount memorized. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
์ฆ๊ฐ€ โ€” โŒ More memorized facts alone do not equal ์ธ์ง€์  ์„ฑ์žฅ. โœ… Include reasoning, attention, and problem-solving.
C. ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์€ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
Learning ability is not determined only by innate talent. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
๊ฒฐ์ • โ€” โŒ Avoid saying ability is only innate. โœ… Strategy, sleep, feedback, repetition, and environment also matter.
D. ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง์€ ์ด ๋ฌธ๋งฅ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌํ‚จ๋‹ค.
In this context, neural network mainly points to biological connections. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” โŒ Do not assume ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง means AI here. โœ… This lesson focuses on biological neural connections.
E. ํ•™์ˆ ์  ๊ธ€์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด๋ณด๋‹ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ‘œํ˜„์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
In academic writing, cautious expressions are more natural than โ€œunconditionally.โ€ โš–๏ธ
Answer
์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ โ€” โŒ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด overclaims. โœ… Use careful forms like ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค or ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
F. ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ์—ฐ์Šต์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค.
Repeated practice functions as a factor that promotes the reorganization of neural connections. ๐Ÿ”„
Answer
์š”์ธ โ€” ์š”์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค is a strong academic collocation meaning โ€œfunction as a factor.โ€
G. ์ˆ˜๋ฉด๊ณผ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋ฐฑ์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ˜•์„ฑ๊ณผ ํ•™์Šต ํšจ์œจ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Sleep and feedback are related to memory formation and learning efficiency. ๐Ÿ˜ด
Answer
๊ด€๋ จ โ€” ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค is a careful academic expression.
H. ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์— ๋„์›€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
The problem-solving process helps the development of thinking ability. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์ค€ โ€” ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋‹ค means to help or provide help.
I. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ž๊ทน์€ ๋‡Œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
New stimulation can cause changes in brain function. โšก
Answer
์œ ๋ฐœ โ€” ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค means to cause or trigger; use it carefully when describing cause.
J. ๋‡Œ ๊ฐ€์†Œ์„ฑ์€ ํ•™์Šต์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•œ๋‹ค.
Neuroplasticity provides the perspective that learners can continue to develop. ๐Ÿš€
Answer
๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ โ€” This wraps the lessonโ€™s main idea: learning ability can develop through experience and practice.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ณ€ํ™” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ possibility / capacity for change
  • ์•”๊ธฐ๋Ÿ‰ โ†’ amount memorized
  • ์ฆ๊ฐ€ โ†’ increase
  • ๊ฒฐ์ •๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be determined
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผํ•™์  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ†’ biological connection
  • ์‹ ์ค‘ํ•œ ํ‘œํ˜„ โ†’ cautious expression
  • ์š”์ธ โ†’ factor
  • ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค โ†’ to be related
  • ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๋‹ค โ†’ to help
  • ์ž๊ทน โ†’ stimulation
  • ์œ ๋ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to cause / trigger
  • ๊ณ„์† ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to continue developing
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol is about nuance: accurate vocabulary, cautious claims, and the right field-specific meaning.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work. You now have the vocabulary toolkit to discuss brain change, learning ability, neural networks, evidence, and cognitive growth in polished advanced Korean. Keep practicing โ€” your ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ง is probably filing a tiny renovation permit right now. ๐Ÿง ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ