TL;DR 🦄
- ⚖️ 도덕적 해이 (moral hazard) describes a situation where someone takes bigger risks because someone else carries the cost.
- 🕳️ It is not just “being immoral.” It points to a structural gap where responsibility, monitoring, or incentives are weak.
- 🧭 Pair it with words like 위험 (risk), 책임 (responsibility), 규제 (regulation), and 감독 (supervision) to sound precise in advanced discussions.
🎧 Iru Helper Note — Open 
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear these policy/economics phrases aloud. Type any Korean word or sentence into the widget and let your ears do a little ethics audit. 👂⚖️
🌈 The Big Picture
Moral hazard happens when a person, company, institution, or government behaves less carefully because the negative consequences will be paid by someone else. In Korean, the standard term is 도덕적 해이 (moral hazard; moral slackening). 🧵
In advanced Korean, this phrase often appears in discussions about finance, insurance, public policy, corporate bailouts, welfare systems, platform responsibility, and institutional trust. The key is that 도덕적 means “moral/ethical,” while 해이 means “slackening, laxity, or loosening.” Together, it sounds more formal than everyday “irresponsibility.” 🏛️
Think of it this way: ordinary 무책임 (irresponsibility) says “someone is not acting responsibly.” 도덕적 해이 says “the system makes irresponsible risk-taking easier or more tempting.” Tiny wording difference, big debate-night glow-up. ✨
🎨 The Core Moral Hazard Family
- 도덕적 해이 → moral hazard; ethical laxity. Use this for a systemic incentive problem, especially when one side takes risks while another side absorbs losses. ⚖️
- 무책임 → irresponsibility. This is broader and more direct; it can describe a person, institution, decision, or attitude. 🧯
- 윤리적 공백 → ethical vacuum/gap. Use it when rules, norms, or accountability mechanisms are missing or unclear. 🕳️
- 위험 → risk/danger. In policy language, 위험을 감수하다 means “to take/accept a risk,” and 위험을 전가하다 means “to shift risk onto someone else.” 🎲
- 책임을 회피하다 → to avoid responsibility. 회피하다 is a formal verb meaning “to evade/avoid.” 🏃
- 손실을 부담하다 → to bear losses. 손실 means “loss,” and 부담하다 means “to shoulder/bear.” 📉
- 감독을 강화하다 → to strengthen supervision/oversight. 감독 means “supervision,” and 강화하다 means “to strengthen.” 🔍
🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence
- 정부의 구제 금융이 반복되면 일부 기업의 도덕적 해이가 심화될 수 있다. (If government bailouts are repeated, moral hazard among some companies may deepen.) 🏦
- 구제 금융 = bailout; 반복되다 = to be repeated; 심화되다 = to deepen/intensify.
- 보험 제도가 책임 있는 행동을 약화시킨다면 도덕적 해이를 낳을 수 있다. (If an insurance system weakens responsible behavior, it can produce moral hazard.) 🛡️
- 제도 = system; 약화시키다 = to weaken; 낳다 = to produce/cause.
- 윤리적 공백이 커질수록 위험은 사회 전체로 전가된다. (As the ethical vacuum grows, risk is shifted onto society as a whole.) 🌐
- 커질수록 = the more it grows; 사회 전체 = society as a whole; 전가되다 = to be shifted/transferred.
🧩 General Usage Rule
Use 도덕적 해이 when all three ingredients are present:
- A protected actor — someone is shielded from full consequences. 🛡️
- Riskier behavior — that protection encourages careless or excessive risk. 🎲
- Transferred cost — the damage is passed to another person, group, institution, or the public. 📦
Common patterns:
- 도덕적 해이가 발생하다 (moral hazard occurs)
- 도덕적 해이를 초래하다 (to cause moral hazard)
- 도덕적 해이를 방지하다 (to prevent moral hazard)
- 도덕적 해이를 완화하다 (to mitigate moral hazard)
- 도덕적 해이에 빠지다 (to fall into moral hazard / lapse into moral laxity)
No irregular conjugation trap here, but the collocation trap is real: 도덕적 해이 usually pairs with institutional verbs like 발생하다 (occur), 초래하다 (cause), 방지하다 (prevent), and 완화하다 (mitigate), not casual verbs like “do moral hazard.”
📚 Cross-check note
The standard Korean expression 도덕적 해이 was cross-checked against 국립국어원 / Korean.go.kr, which notes that “moral hazard” can be rendered as 도덕적 해이. ✅
🪞 Synonym Alert
- 모럴 해저드 → loanword form of “moral hazard”; appears in media/business contexts, but 도덕적 해이 is the polished Korean term. 📰
- 무책임 → irresponsibility; everyday to formal, but less structural than 도덕적 해이. 🧯
- 윤리 의식의 결여 → lack of ethical awareness; formal/written, focused on mindset. 🧠
- 책임 회피 → avoidance of responsibility; formal, focused on evading duty. 🏃
- 윤리적 공백 → ethical gap/vacuum; formal, focused on missing norms or oversight. 🕳️
⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge
- ❌ 도덕적 해이 = any bad behavior → ✅ Use it when incentives and transferred costs create careless risk-taking. 🎲
- ❌ 무책임 and 도덕적 해이 are identical → ✅ 무책임 is broad irresponsibility; 도덕적 해이 is a structural risk-and-accountability problem. ⚖️
- ❌ 모럴 해저드 is always better because it sounds global → ✅ In polished Korean writing, 도덕적 해이 is usually cleaner. 🧼
- ❌ 위험을 전가하다 means “remove risk” → ✅ It means “shift/pass risk onto someone else.” 📦
- ❌ Blaming only individuals → ✅ Advanced usage often critiques systems: weak oversight, distorted incentives, unclear accountability, or repeated bailouts. 🏛️
When you see 도덕적 해이, look for the invisible question: “Who takes the risk, and who pays the bill?” Follow that thread and the whole argument starts glowing like a policy detective board. 🕵️♀️⚖️
Try this exercise
Read each sentence and choose the best advanced vocabulary word or phrase for the blank. Say the completed Korean sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the nuance. 🎯
1. 구제 금융이 반복되면 기업의 ＿＿＿＿가 심화될 수 있다.
Repeated bailouts can deepen corporate moral hazard. 🏦
Answer
도덕적 해이 — This is about protected companies taking greater risks because losses may be covered by others.
2. 감독 장치가 없으면 책임의 ＿＿＿＿이 생긴다.
Without oversight mechanisms, a gap in responsibility appears. 🔍
Answer
공백 — 공백 means a gap/vacuum; here it points to missing accountability.
3. 그 정책은 위험을 국민에게 ＿＿＿＿한다는 비판을 받았다.
The policy was criticized for shifting risk onto the public. 🌐
Answer
전가 — 전가하다 means to pass or shift a burden/risk onto someone else.
4. 플랫폼의 ＿＿＿＿한 대응은 이용자의 신뢰를 떨어뜨렸다.
The platform’s irresponsible response lowered user trust. 📱
Answer
무책임 — This sentence directly criticizes irresponsibility, not necessarily a full moral-hazard structure.
5. 윤리적 ＿＿＿＿이 커지면 규제 논의가 불가피해진다.
When the ethical vacuum grows, regulatory debate becomes unavoidable. 🏛️
Answer
공백 — 윤리적 공백 means an ethical gap or vacuum.
6. 손실은 사회가 부담하고 이익은 기업이 가져가는 구조가 ＿＿＿＿를 낳는다.
A structure where society bears losses and companies take profits produces moral hazard. 📉
Answer
도덕적 해이 — Transferred losses plus protected profit incentives are classic moral hazard.
7. 정부는 금융 기관의 위험한 투자를 ＿＿＿＿하기 위해 감독을 강화했다.
The government strengthened supervision to prevent risky investment by financial institutions. 💼
Answer
방지 — 방지하다 means to prevent.
8. 책임을 ＿＿＿＿하는 태도는 조직 문화를 약화시킨다.
An attitude of avoiding responsibility weakens organizational culture. 🏢
Answer
회피 — 책임을 회피하다 means to evade or avoid responsibility.
9. 보험 가입자가 더 큰 ＿＿＿＿을 감수할 가능성이 있다.
The insured person may be likely to take greater risks. 🛡️
Answer
위험 — 위험을 감수하다 means to take or accept risk.
10. 제도의 허점이 도덕적 해이를 ＿＿＿＿할 수 있다.
Loopholes in the system can cause moral hazard. 🧩
Answer
초래 — 초래하다 means to bring about or cause, often something negative.
Vocabulary Box
- 도덕적 해이 → moral hazard; ethical laxity
- 공백 → gap; vacuum
- 전가하다 → to shift/pass a burden onto someone else
- 무책임 → irresponsibility
- 방지하다 → to prevent
- 회피하다 → to avoid/evade
- 위험 → risk; danger
- 초래하다 → to cause; bring about
Tip 💡 If the sentence includes risk + transferred cost + weak accountability, choose 도덕적 해이.
Want more reps? Head into the Practice Hub below when you're ready to test the full moral-hazard toolkit. ⚖️
🎯 Practice Hub — Moral Hazard
Welcome to the moral-hazard gym, where incentives wear tiny disguises and accountability keeps checking the exits. ⚖️ This Practice Hub helps you distinguish 도덕적 해이 from ordinary 무책임, spot risk-shifting language, and use formal policy vocabulary with confidence.
🔊 Audio reminder: Use Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a sentence or phrase aloud.
📝 Instructions: Complete each Korean sentence with the best word or phrase. Read the English meaning, choose the Korean answer, then open the Answer toggle to check the nuance and the policy logic.
Exercise 1 — Core Terms and Meanings ⚖️
A. 공적 자금이 반복 투입되면 금융권의 ＿＿＿＿가 커질 수 있다.
If public funds are repeatedly injected, moral hazard in the financial sector can grow. 🏦
Answer
도덕적 해이 — Repeated rescue can weaken risk discipline; that is the moral-hazard structure.
B. 그 임원은 사고 이후에도 ＿＿＿＿한 태도를 보였다.
The executive showed an irresponsible attitude even after the accident. 🚧
Answer
무책임 — This criticizes attitude and conduct directly, not necessarily a system of transferred risk.
C. 새 기술의 확산 속도에 비해 ＿＿＿＿ 공백이 너무 크다.
Compared with the speed of new technology’s spread, the ethical gap is too large. 🤖
Answer
윤리적 — 윤리적 공백 means an ethical gap or vacuum.
D. 위험한 선택의 비용을 다른 사람에게 ＿＿＿＿하는 구조가 문제다.
The problem is a structure that shifts the cost of risky choices onto others. 📦
Answer
전가 — 전가하다 means to shift a burden or risk onto another party.
E. 감독이 약하면 기관은 더 큰 ＿＿＿＿을 감수할 수 있다.
If supervision is weak, institutions may take greater risks. 🔍
Answer
위험 — 위험을 감수하다 means to take on risk.
F. 사회적 비용을 고려하지 않는 결정은 ＿＿＿＿ 논란을 부른다.
A decision that ignores social costs invites controversy over irresponsibility. 🌐
Answer
무책임 — The focus is irresponsible decision-making and social cost.
G. 플랫폼 기업의 책임 범위가 불분명하면 ＿＿＿＿이 생긴다.
If the scope of a platform company’s responsibility is unclear, a vacuum appears. 📱
Answer
공백 — A missing or unclear responsibility zone is a 공백.
H. 규제 완화가 무조건 나쁜 것은 아니지만, ＿＿＿＿를 키울 수 있다.
Deregulation is not always bad, but it can increase moral hazard. 🏛️
Answer
도덕적 해이 — The sentence warns that weaker rules may encourage careless risk-taking.
I. 책임 있는 제도 설계는 위험의 ＿＿＿＿를 줄인다.
Responsible institutional design reduces the shifting of risk. 🧭
Answer
전가 — 위험의 전가 means the transfer or shifting of risk.
J. 윤리 의식의 ＿＿＿＿는 조직 전체의 판단을 흐릴 수 있다.
A lack of ethical awareness can cloud the judgment of the whole organization. 🧠
Answer
결여 — 윤리 의식의 결여 means a lack of ethical awareness.
Vocabulary Box
- 공적 자금 → public funds
- 금융권 → financial sector
- 도덕적 해이 → moral hazard
- 무책임 → irresponsibility
- 윤리적 → ethical
- 공백 → gap; vacuum
- 전가하다 → to shift a burden
- 위험 → risk
- 규제 완화 → deregulation
- 결여 → lack; absence
Tip 💡 도덕적 해이 usually needs a system-level incentive problem; 무책임 can be simpler personal or institutional irresponsibility.
Exercise 2 — Collocations That Sound Natural 🧩
A. 보험 제도는 편리하지만 도덕적 해이를 ＿＿＿＿할 가능성도 있다.
Insurance systems are convenient, but they may also cause moral hazard. 🛡️
Answer
초래 — 초래하다 means to cause or bring about, often a negative result.
B. 정부는 반복되는 구제 조치가 도덕적 해이를 ＿＿＿＿하지 않도록 조건을 붙였다.
The government added conditions so repeated rescue measures would not encourage moral hazard. 🏦
Answer
조장 — 조장하다 means to encourage or foster, usually negatively.
C. 감사 제도는 내부의 도덕적 해이를 ＿＿＿＿하는 역할을 한다.
An audit system plays a role in preventing internal moral hazard. 🧾
Answer
방지 — 방지하다 means to prevent.
D. 새 규정은 책임 회피를 ＿＿＿＿하기 위한 장치다.
The new rule is a mechanism for preventing responsibility avoidance. 🔐
Answer
막기 — 막다 means to stop or prevent; 막기 위한 means “for preventing.”
E. 손실 부담 구조를 바꾸면 도덕적 해이를 어느 정도 ＿＿＿＿할 수 있다.
If the loss-bearing structure changes, moral hazard can be mitigated to some extent. 📉
Answer
완화 — 완화하다 means to ease, relieve, or mitigate.
F. 감독 기관은 위험 관리 기준을 ＿＿＿＿했다.
The supervisory agency strengthened risk-management standards. 🏛️
Answer
강화 — 강화하다 means to strengthen.
G. 기업은 실패 비용을 소비자에게 ＿＿＿＿해서는 안 된다.
Companies must not shift the cost of failure onto consumers. 🧾
Answer
전가 — 소비자에게 전가하다 means to pass a burden onto consumers.
H. 정책 설계자는 예상되는 부작용을 ＿＿＿＿해야 한다.
Policy designers must consider expected side effects. 🧭
Answer
고려 — 고려하다 means to consider.
I. 책임 소재가 불분명하면 도덕적 해이가 쉽게 ＿＿＿＿한다.
If responsibility is unclear, moral hazard easily occurs. 🕳️
Answer
발생 — 발생하다 means to occur or arise.
J. 공공 기관은 윤리 기준을 ＿＿＿＿ 적용해야 한다.
Public institutions must apply ethical standards strictly. 📋
Answer
엄격하게 — 엄격하게 적용하다 means to apply strictly.
Vocabulary Box
- 보험 제도 → insurance system
- 초래하다 → to cause; bring about
- 조장하다 → to encourage/foster negatively
- 감사 제도 → audit system
- 방지하다 → to prevent
- 막다 → to stop; prevent
- 완화하다 → to mitigate; ease
- 강화하다 → to strengthen
- 고려하다 → to consider
- 발생하다 → to occur
- 엄격하게 → strictly
Tip 💡 Natural pairings include 도덕적 해이가 발생하다, 도덕적 해이를 초래하다, 방지하다, and 완화하다.
Exercise 3 — Policy and Economics Contexts 🏦
A. 은행이 손실을 국가에 떠넘길 수 있다면 대출 심사가 ＿＿＿＿해질 수 있다.
If banks can pass losses onto the state, loan screening may become lax. 💰
Answer
느슨 — 느슨해지다 means to become loose/lax; it fits weak screening.
B. 구조적으로 보호받는 기업은 더 큰 위험을 ＿＿＿＿할 유인이 생긴다.
A structurally protected company gains an incentive to take greater risks. 🏭
Answer
감수 — 위험을 감수하다 means to take on risk.
C. 보험료가 행동 변화와 무관하면 가입자의 주의 의무가 ＿＿＿＿될 수 있다.
If premiums are unrelated to behavior change, the insured person’s duty of care may weaken. 🛡️
Answer
약화 — 약화되다 means to be weakened.
D. 공공 지원은 필요하지만 책임 조건이 없으면 ＿＿＿＿를 부를 수 있다.
Public support may be necessary, but without responsibility conditions it can invite moral hazard. 🏛️
Answer
도덕적 해이 — Support without accountability can distort incentives.
E. 감독 비용이 너무 크면 시장 참여자의 행동을 충분히 ＿＿＿＿하기 어렵다.
If monitoring costs are too high, it is difficult to sufficiently observe market participants’ behavior. 🔍
Answer
관찰 — 관찰하다 means to observe; monitoring cost relates to observing behavior.
F. 성과 보상이 단기 이익에만 묶이면 장기 ＿＿＿＿은 무시되기 쉽다.
If performance compensation is tied only to short-term profit, long-term risk is easily ignored. 📈
Answer
위험 — The contrast is short-term gain versus long-term risk.
G. 납세자가 실패 비용을 부담하는 구조는 공정성 ＿＿＿＿을 일으킨다.
A structure where taxpayers bear failure costs creates a fairness controversy. 🧾
Answer
논란 — 논란 means controversy or dispute.
H. 규제 기관은 위험 전가를 막기 위해 책임 기준을 ＿＿＿＿했다.
The regulatory agency clarified responsibility standards to prevent risk-shifting. 📋
Answer
명확히 — 명확히 하다 means to clarify.
I. 플랫폼이 판매자의 피해 보상 책임을 회피하면 이용자에게 비용이 ＿＿＿＿된다.
If a platform avoids seller-damage compensation responsibility, costs are shifted onto users. 📱
Answer
전가 — 비용이 전가되다 means costs are shifted onto someone.
J. 투명한 정보 공개는 도덕적 해이를 줄이는 ＿＿＿＿가 될 수 있다.
Transparent disclosure can become a device for reducing moral hazard. 🔦
Answer
장치 — 장치 means a mechanism or device.
Vocabulary Box
- 은행 → bank
- 손실 → loss
- 국가 → state; country
- 느슨하다 → to be loose/lax
- 감수하다 → to take on; accept
- 약화되다 → to weaken
- 공공 지원 → public support
- 관찰하다 → to observe
- 논란 → controversy
- 명확히 하다 → to clarify
- 장치 → mechanism; device
Tip 💡 In economics/policy contexts, moral hazard often appears with bailouts, insurance, monitoring, information disclosure, and who bears losses.
Exercise 4 — Nuance: Moral Hazard vs Nearby Words 🧠
A. 단순한 실수라기보다, 책임 구조가 잘못된 데서 생긴 ＿＿＿＿ 문제다.
Rather than a simple mistake, it is a moral-hazard problem arising from a flawed responsibility structure. 🧩
Answer
도덕적 해이 — The sentence names a structural responsibility problem, so moral hazard is stronger than “mistake.”
B. 회의에 계속 늦는 행동은 정책 용어로 보기보다 개인의 ＿＿＿＿에 가깝다.
Repeatedly arriving late to meetings is closer to personal irresponsibility than a policy term. ⏰
Answer
무책임 — This is ordinary irresponsibility, not moral hazard.
C. 신기술 규범이 아직 마련되지 않아 사회에 ＿＿＿＿ 공백이 남아 있다.
Because norms for new technology have not yet been prepared, an ethical gap remains in society. 🤖
Answer
윤리적 — 윤리적 공백 names the missing norm/accountability space.
D. 정치인은 책임을 인정하지 않고 계속 ＿＿＿＿하려 했다.
The politician kept trying to avoid responsibility instead of admitting it. 🎤
Answer
회피 — 책임을 회피하다 means to evade responsibility.
E. 언론은 그 사건을 ‘＿＿＿＿’라는 외래어보다 ‘도덕적 해이’로 설명했다.
The media explained the case as “moral hazard” in Korean rather than with the loanword. 📰
Answer
모럴 해저드 — This is the loanword version; the polished Korean expression is 도덕적 해이.
F. 규정이 없다는 이유로 피해 보상을 미루는 것은 ＿＿＿＿ 의식의 결여로 볼 수 있다.
Delaying compensation because there is no rule can be seen as a lack of ethical awareness. 🧾
Answer
윤리 — 윤리 의식의 결여 means lack of ethical awareness.
G. 비용을 숨기고 이익만 강조하는 설명은 책임 있는 ＿＿＿＿이라고 보기 어렵다.
An explanation that hides costs and emphasizes only benefits is hard to regard as responsible communication. 📣
Answer
소통 — 소통 means communication; this tests the ethical-communication context.
H. 피해자가 아니라 가해자가 비용을 부담하도록 하는 것이 책임 원칙의 ＿＿＿＿다.
Making the perpetrator, not the victim, bear the cost is the core of the responsibility principle. ⚖️
Answer
핵심 — 핵심 means core.
I. 정부 보증이 항상 문제는 아니지만, 잘못 설계되면 위험한 ＿＿＿＿를 만든다.
Government guarantees are not always a problem, but if poorly designed they create dangerous incentives. 🧲
Answer
유인 — 유인 means incentive; bad incentives are central to moral hazard.
J. 감독이 사라진 뒤 조직의 윤리 기준이 빠르게 ＿＿＿＿되었다.
After supervision disappeared, the organization’s ethical standards quickly weakened. 🏢
Answer
약화 — 약화되다 means to weaken.
Vocabulary Box
- 단순한 실수 → simple mistake
- 책임 구조 → responsibility structure
- 무책임 → irresponsibility
- 윤리적 공백 → ethical vacuum/gap
- 회피하다 → to avoid/evade
- 모럴 해저드 → loanword for moral hazard
- 윤리 의식 → ethical awareness
- 소통 → communication
- 핵심 → core
- 유인 → incentive
- 약화되다 → to weaken
Tip 💡 Choose the word that matches the scale: personal conduct, missing ethics, incentive structure, or transferred risk.
Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️
A. 보험금을 받을 수 있다는 이유만으로 일부러 사고 위험을 키우는 것은 ＿＿＿＿의 예다.
Intentionally increasing accident risk just because insurance money is available is an example of moral hazard. 🚗
Answer
도덕적 해이 — ❌ Not just “bad behavior” → ✅ protected risk-taking with shifted cost.
B. 친구 약속을 잊은 일을 곧바로 ＿＿＿＿라고 부르면 지나치게 거창하다.
Calling a forgotten plan with a friend “moral hazard” right away is too grandiose. 📅
Answer
도덕적 해이 — ❌ Do not use the term for every careless act → ✅ use it for structural incentive problems.
C. 기업의 실패 비용이 납세자에게 ＿＿＿＿되는 구조라면 공정성 논란이 생긴다.
If the cost of corporate failure is shifted onto taxpayers, a fairness controversy arises. 🧾
Answer
전가 — ❌ 전가하다 does not mean “remove” → ✅ it means to pass the burden to another party.
D. 정책 보고서에서는 ‘모럴 해저드’보다 ＿＿＿＿라는 표현이 더 다듬어진 느낌을 준다.
In a policy report, the expression “moral hazard” in Korean feels more polished than the loanword. 📄
Answer
도덕적 해이 — ❌ The loanword is not always better → ✅ polished Korean often prefers 도덕적 해이.
E. 감독 체계가 없어서 누구도 책임지지 않는 상태는 ＿＿＿＿ 공백에 가깝다.
A state where no one takes responsibility because there is no supervisory system is close to an ethical vacuum. 🕳️
Answer
윤리적 — ❌ Do not blame only one person → ✅ notice the missing ethical/accountability framework.
F. 손실은 공동체가 부담하고 이익은 개인이 챙기면 위험한 ＿＿＿＿가 생긴다.
If the community bears losses while an individual keeps profits, dangerous incentives arise. 💸
Answer
유인 — Bad incentives are the engine underneath moral hazard.
G. 책임 기준을 ＿＿＿＿하지 않으면 제도의 허점이 커진다.
If responsibility standards are not clarified, loopholes in the system grow. 🧩
Answer
명확히 — Clear standards reduce ethical gaps and responsibility evasion.
H. 규제가 지나치게 약하면 시장 참여자의 주의 의무가 ＿＿＿＿될 수 있다.
If regulation is too weak, market participants’ duty of care may weaken. 📉
Answer
약화 — Weakened duty of care can help create moral hazard.
I. 반복적인 구제 조치는 단기 안정에는 도움이 되지만 도덕적 해이를 ＿＿＿＿할 수 있다.
Repeated rescue measures can help short-term stability but foster moral hazard. 🏦
Answer
조장 — 조장하다 means to foster or encourage something negative.
J. 좋은 제도는 위험을 숨기지 않고 책임을 ＿＿＿＿ 배분한다.
A good system does not hide risk; it distributes responsibility fairly. ⚖️
Answer
공정하게 — The moral-hazard antidote is not just punishment; it is fair responsibility design.
Vocabulary Box
- 보험금 → insurance payout
- 일부러 → intentionally
- 사고 위험 → accident risk
- 납세자 → taxpayer
- 정책 보고서 → policy report
- 감독 체계 → supervisory system
- 공동체 → community
- 유인 → incentive
- 제도의 허점 → loophole in a system
- 주의 의무 → duty of care
- 공정하게 → fairly
Tip 💡 Pitfall patrol: 도덕적 해이 is not every moral failure; it is risk-taking shaped by protection, incentives, and shifted costs.
🎉 Excellent work! You can now hear the policy gears inside 도덕적 해이: risk, responsibility, incentives, oversight, and who gets stuck with the bill. That is advanced vocabulary doing advanced vocabulary things. ⚖️✨
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