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Meritocracy and Fairness

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
능력주의 / 공정성 / 사회적 경쟁 / 기회
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
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TL;DR 🦄
  • ⚖️ Meritocracy is 능력주의 (the idea that rewards should follow ability and achievement), but real life also asks whether the starting line is actually fair.
  • 🧭 Fairness can mean 공정성 (procedural fairness), 형평성 (equity), or 기회의 균등 (equal opportunity), so word choice matters.
  • 🏁 In debates about 사회적 경쟁 (social competition), advanced Korean often contrasts 개인의 노력 (individual effort) with 구조적 불평등 (structural inequality).
🔊
🎧 Iru Helper Note — Open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a Korean word or sentence from this lesson. Type any sentence in, listen closely, and let your ears collect those nuance points like tiny academic Pokémon. 🎓
 

🌈 The Big Picture

능력주의 means meritocracy: a belief or system where people are evaluated and rewarded according to ability, effort, achievement, or performance. It sounds clean and shiny at first — “work hard, earn more chances” — but advanced discussions usually ask a sharper question: Were people competing under comparable conditions? 🏟️
 
공정성 means fairness, especially whether a process, rule, judgment, or competition is impartial. In social debate, it often appears beside 기회 (opportunity), 경쟁 (competition), 평가 (evaluation), and 불평등 (inequality). ⚖️
 
The advanced move is not just memorizing one word. It is knowing which word fits the argument: 공정성 for fairness of process, 형평성 for fairness adjusted to unequal conditions, and 기회의 균등 for equal access to chances. 🧩

🎨 The Core Meritocracy + Fairness Family

  • 능력주의 → meritocracy; a view that ability and achievement should decide rewards or status. Often used in social, education, and workplace debates. 🧠
  • 공정성 → fairness / impartiality; focuses on whether rules and procedures are applied fairly. ⚖️
  • 형평성 → equity; focuses on adjusting for different circumstances so outcomes or access are more just. 🧭
  • 기회의 균등 → equal opportunity; the idea that people should have comparable chances to compete or succeed. 🚪
  • 사회적 경쟁 → social competition; competition for education, jobs, recognition, resources, or mobility inside society. 🏁
  • 구조적 불평등 → structural inequality; unequal conditions built into society, institutions, wealth, region, education, or networks. 🏗️
 
Useful companion verbs:
  • 강조하다 → to emphasize; used with values or principles, e.g. “emphasize fairness.” 📢
  • 보장하다 → to guarantee / ensure; used with rights or opportunities. 🛡️
  • 심화하다 → to deepen / intensify; often used with inequality or conflict. 🌊
  • 완화하다 → to ease / reduce; often used with inequality, burden, or conflict. 🩹
  • 정당화하다 → to justify; often used critically when a system explains inequality as deserved. 🧾

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

  • 능력주의는 개인의 노력을 강조하지만 출발선의 차이를 충분히 설명하지 못할 수 있다.
      • Meritocracy emphasizes individual effort, but it may not fully explain differences at the starting line. 🏁
      Notes: 개인의 노력 = individual effort; 출발선의 차이 = difference in starting position; 충분히 = sufficiently.
  • 공정성을 말하려면 평가 기준뿐 아니라 기회의 균등도 함께 살펴봐야 한다.
      • To discuss fairness, one must examine not only evaluation standards but also equal opportunity. 🔍
      Notes: 평가 기준 = evaluation standard; 뿐 아니라 = not only; 함께 = together / also.
  • 사회적 경쟁이 지나치게 치열해지면 구조적 불평등이 더 잘 보이지 않게 된다.
      • When social competition becomes excessively intense, structural inequality can become harder to see. 🌫️
      Notes: 지나치게 = excessively; 치열하다 = to be intense/fierce; 잘 보이지 않다 = to be hard to see.

🧩 General Formation Rule

Use these words as argument nouns in formal or semi-formal discussion:
  • 능력주의 + 를/을 + 비판하다 → to criticize meritocracy
  • 공정성 + 을 + 확보하다 → to secure fairness
  • 기회 + 를 + 보장하다 → to guarantee opportunity
  • 불평등 + 을 + 완화하다 → to reduce inequality
  • 경쟁 + 이 + 심화되다 → competition intensifies
 
For essay-style contrast, these connectors are especially useful:
  • 반면에 → on the other hand
  • 그럼에도 불구하고 → nevertheless / despite that
  • 따라서 → therefore
  • 단순히 … 것이 아니라 → not simply … but
 
There is no irregular conjugation rule hiding here — the challenge is collocation and nuance, not verb endings. Tiny mercy from the grammar universe. 🌙

📚 Cross-check note

Key vocabulary and usage were checked against 국립국어원 resources and Korean.go.kr-style standard usage patterns, especially the meanings and common academic collocations around 기회, 능력, 사회, 공정, and 불평등. ✅

🪞 Synonym Alert

  • 공정성 → fairness / impartiality; everyday to formal, especially rules, exams, hiring, evaluation. ⚖️
  • 형평성 → equity; more formal, often policy-oriented, asks whether unequal conditions require adjustment. 🧭
  • 공평성 → even-handedness / equal treatment; often close to “treating everyone the same,” but less policy-heavy than 형평성. 🤝
  • 기회균등 / 기회의 균등 → equal opportunity; both are natural, with 기회의 균등 sounding slightly more explanatory in a sentence. 🚪
  • 성과주의 → performance-based principle; narrower than 능력주의, often used in workplace evaluation and pay systems. 📊

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • ❌ 능력주의 = “talentism” → ✅ 능력주의 = meritocracy; it includes ability, effort, achievement, and social evaluation, not only natural talent. 🧠
  • ❌ 공정성 and 형평성 are always interchangeable → ✅ 공정성 asks “Were the rules fair?” while 형평성 asks “Were unequal conditions considered?” ⚖️
  • ❌ 기회 always means a casual “chance” → ✅ In social debate, 기회 often means access to education, employment, mobility, or institutional support. 🚪
  • ❌ 경쟁이 공정하다 automatically means society is fair → ✅ Fair competition can still exist inside unequal starting conditions. 🏁
  • ❌ 개인의 노력 explains every outcome → ✅ Advanced arguments often balance effort with 가정 배경 (family background), 교육 격차 (education gap), and 제도적 장벽 (institutional barriers). 🧱
Meritocracy vocabulary is powerful because it lets you sound analytical without sounding robotic: praise effort, question the starting line, and keep fairness from becoming a decorative sticker. ⚖️✨
 

Try this exercise

Practice choosing the best advanced word for each fairness debate sentence. Read the Korean sentence, fill the blank, say the complete sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the nuance. 🧠
1. 입시 제도에서는 결과보다 절차의 ＿＿＿＿이 중요하다는 주장이 많다.
The sentence says: In the admissions system, many argue that procedural fairness matters more than the result. 🎓
Answer
공정성 — The focus is whether the procedure is fair and impartial. ⚖️
2. 출발선이 다르다면 단순한 평등보다 ＿＿＿＿을 고려해야 한다.
The sentence says: If starting lines differ, equity should be considered rather than simple equality. 🏁
Answer
형평성 — This points to adjusted fairness when conditions are unequal. 🧭
3. 모든 학생에게 양질의 교육을 제공하는 것은 ＿＿＿＿의 핵심이다.
The sentence says: Providing quality education to every student is central to equal opportunity. 📚
Answer
기회의 균등 — Education access is a classic equal-opportunity issue. 🚪
4. 성과만으로 사람을 평가하는 문화는 ＿＿＿＿를 강화할 수 있다.
The sentence says: A culture that evaluates people only by outcomes can strengthen meritocracy. 📊
Answer
능력주의 — The sentence critiques a system centered on ability and achievement. 🧠
5. 취업 시장에서 ＿＿＿＿이 지나치게 심화되면 청년들의 불안도 커진다.
The sentence says: If social competition intensifies too much in the job market, young people's anxiety grows. 💼
Answer
사회적 경쟁 — The sentence describes competition for status and employment inside society. 🏁
6. 가정 배경의 영향이 크다면 결과의 차이를 모두 ＿＿＿＿으로 설명하기 어렵다.
The sentence says: If family background has a strong influence, it is hard to explain all outcome differences through individual effort. 🏠
Answer
개인의 노력 — This phrase is often contrasted with social or structural conditions. 🧍
7. 교육 격차는 단순한 개인 문제가 아니라 ＿＿＿＿의 한 형태일 수 있다.
The sentence says: The education gap may be a form of structural inequality, not simply an individual problem. 🏫
Answer
구조적 불평등 — The cause is embedded in broader social systems. 🏗️
8. 정부는 지역 간 교육 ＿＿＿＿를 완화하기 위한 정책을 발표했다.
The sentence says: The government announced policies to reduce the education gap between regions. 🗺️
Answer
격차 — 교육 격차 means educational gap or disparity. 📚
9. 기업이 평가 기준을 공개하면 채용의 ＿＿＿＿을 확보하는 데 도움이 된다.
The sentence says: If a company discloses evaluation standards, it helps secure fairness in hiring. 🏢
Answer
공정성 — Transparent standards support fair procedures. 🔍
10. 불리한 조건을 보완하는 장학금은 ＿＿＿＿을 높이는 제도라고 볼 수 있다.
The sentence says: Scholarships that compensate for disadvantageous conditions can be seen as a system that increases equity. 🎒
Answer
형평성 — Support is adjusted according to unequal conditions. 🧭
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 공정성 → fairness / impartiality
  • 형평성 → equity
  • 기회의 균등 → equal opportunity
  • 능력주의 → meritocracy
  • 사회적 경쟁 → social competition
  • 개인의 노력 → individual effort
  • 구조적 불평등 → structural inequality
  • 격차 → gap / disparity
  • 평가 기준 → evaluation standard
  • 장학금 → scholarship
Memory tips 💡
  • Rules and procedures? Think 공정성.
  • Unequal starting conditions? Think 형평성.
  • Access to chances? Think 기회의 균등.
🚀
Want more reps? Head into the Practice Hub below when you're ready to make these debate words behave. ⚖️
 
📦
🎯 Practice Hub — Meritocracy and Fairness
 
Welcome to your advanced vocabulary gym for Meritocracy and Fairness. Today you will practice choosing precise Korean words for debates about effort, opportunity, competition, and unequal starting lines — basically, society’s least relaxing obstacle course. 🏁⚖️
 
🔊 Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a sentence before answering.
 
📝 Instructions: Fill each blank with the best Korean word or phrase, then check the Answer toggle. Focus on nuance: process fairness, equity, equal opportunity, meritocracy, and structural inequality are close neighbors, but they do not share the same apartment key. 🗝️
 

Exercise 1 — Core Terms in Context ⚖️

A. 투명한 채점 기준은 시험의 ＿＿＿＿을 높인다.
Transparent grading standards increase the fairness of an exam. 📝
Answer
공정성 — The sentence is about impartial procedure and transparent standards. ⚖️
B. 불리한 환경에 있는 학생을 지원하는 정책은 ＿＿＿＿을 중시한다.
A policy supporting students in disadvantaged environments values equity. 🎒
Answer
형평성 — The policy adjusts support according to unequal conditions. 🧭
C. 누구나 같은 출발점에서 도전할 수 있어야 ＿＿＿＿이 실현된다.
Equal opportunity is realized when anyone can challenge from the same starting point. 🚪
Answer
기회의 균등 — The key idea is comparable access to chances. 🏁
D. 성과를 개인의 능력으로만 설명하는 관점은 ＿＿＿＿와 연결된다.
A view that explains achievement only through individual ability is connected to meritocracy. 🧠
Answer
능력주의 — Meritocracy centers ability, effort, and achievement. 📊
E. 승진 경쟁이 과열되면 조직 안의 ＿＿＿＿이 더 심해질 수 있다.
If promotion competition overheats, social competition inside an organization can worsen. 🏢
Answer
사회적 경쟁 — The sentence describes competition for status and advancement. 🏁
F. 부모의 소득 차이는 아이들의 교육 ＿＿＿＿로 이어질 수 있다.
Differences in parents’ income can lead to an education gap among children. 🏫
Answer
격차 — 교육 격차 means educational disparity. 📚
G. 제도 안에 오래 남아 있는 차별은 ＿＿＿＿이라고 부를 수 있다.
Discrimination that remains inside institutions can be called structural inequality. 🏛️
Answer
구조적 불평등 — The inequality is built into systems, not just individual behavior. 🏗️
H. 노력의 가치를 인정하더라도 ＿＿＿＿의 차이를 무시해서는 안 된다.
Even if we recognize the value of effort, we should not ignore differences in the starting line. 🏁
Answer
출발선 — This metaphor refers to initial conditions before competition begins. 🚦
I. 장학 제도는 저소득층 학생에게 더 많은 ＿＿＿＿를 제공한다.
A scholarship system provides more opportunities to low-income students. 🎓
Answer
기회 — Here 기회 means access to educational chances. 🚪
J. 모든 결과를 ＿＿＿＿ 탓으로 돌리면 사회적 조건이 보이지 않는다.
If every result is blamed on individual effort, social conditions become invisible. 🌫️
Answer
개인의 노력 — The sentence warns against explaining outcomes only through effort. 🧍
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 공정성 → fairness / impartiality
  • 형평성 → equity
  • 기회의 균등 → equal opportunity
  • 능력주의 → meritocracy
  • 사회적 경쟁 → social competition
  • 격차 → gap / disparity
  • 구조적 불평등 → structural inequality
  • 출발선 → starting line
  • 기회 → opportunity
  • 개인의 노력 → individual effort
Tip 💡 Identify what the sentence is judging: rule fairness, adjusted support, access, competition, or social structure.
 

Exercise 2 — Collocations and Verbs 🛠️

A. 사회는 최소한의 교육 기회를 ＿＿＿＿해야 한다.
Society should guarantee at least basic educational opportunities. 🏫
Answer
보장 — From 보장하다, meaning to guarantee or ensure. 🛡️
B. 공개 면접은 채용의 공정성을 ＿＿＿＿하는 데 도움이 된다.
Open interviews help secure fairness in hiring. 💼
Answer
확보 — 확보하다 means to secure; it fits institutional fairness. 🔍
C. 과도한 경쟁은 계층 간 불평등을 ＿＿＿＿할 수 있다.
Excessive competition can intensify inequality between classes. 🌊
Answer
심화 — 심화하다 means to deepen or intensify a problem. 📉
D. 복지 정책은 출발선의 차이를 ＿＿＿＿하는 역할을 한다.
Welfare policy plays a role in reducing differences at the starting line. 🩹
Answer
완화 — 완화하다 means to ease or reduce. 🧯
E. 그 발언은 불평등을 개인 책임으로 ＿＿＿＿한다는 비판을 받았다.
That remark was criticized for justifying inequality as individual responsibility. 🧾
Answer
정당화 — 정당화하다 means to justify. ⚠️
F. 교육 제도는 학생의 잠재력을 ＿＿＿＿할 수 있어야 한다.
The education system should be able to evaluate students’ potential. 🌱
Answer
평가 — 평가하다 means to evaluate. 📝
G. 언론은 능력주의의 한계를 계속 ＿＿＿＿하고 있다.
The media continues to criticize the limits of meritocracy. 📰
Answer
비판 — 비판하다 means to criticize or critique. 🔎
H. 정책 토론에서는 기회의 균등을 어떻게 ＿＿＿＿할지가 핵심이다.
In policy debate, how to realize equal opportunity is central. 🏛️
Answer
실현 — 실현하다 means to realize or make happen. 🚪
I. 회사는 평가 기준을 명확히 ＿＿＿＿해야 한다.
The company should clearly disclose its evaluation standards. 🏢
Answer
공개 — 공개하다 means to disclose or make public. 📢
J. 공정한 경쟁을 위해서는 규칙을 일관되게 ＿＿＿＿해야 한다.
For fair competition, rules must be applied consistently. 📏
Answer
적용 — 적용하다 means to apply a rule or standard. ⚖️
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 보장하다 → to guarantee / ensure
  • 확보하다 → to secure
  • 심화하다 → to deepen / intensify
  • 완화하다 → to ease / reduce
  • 정당화하다 → to justify
  • 평가하다 → to evaluate
  • 비판하다 → to criticize
  • 실현하다 → to realize / make happen
  • 공개하다 → to disclose
  • 적용하다 → to apply
Tip 💡 In formal Korean, many argument nouns pair naturally with 하다 verbs: 보장하다, 확보하다, 완화하다.
 

Exercise 3 — Fairness vs Equity vs Opportunity 🧭

A. 같은 규칙을 모든 지원자에게 적용하는 것은 ＿＿＿＿과 관련이 깊다.
Applying the same rule to all applicants is closely related to fairness. 📄
Answer
공정성 — Same rule, impartial procedure: this is procedural fairness. ⚖️
B. 농어촌 학생에게 추가 지원을 제공하는 것은 ＿＿＿＿을 위한 조치일 수 있다.
Providing additional support to rural students may be a measure for equity. 🌾
Answer
형평성 — Extra support responds to unequal circumstances. 🧭
C. 무료 온라인 강의는 더 많은 사람에게 학습 ＿＿＿＿를 열어 준다.
Free online lectures open learning opportunities to more people. 💻
Answer
기회 — The sentence is about access to learning chances. 🚪
D. 시험장이 장애인에게 접근 가능해야 ＿＿＿＿이 높아진다.
Equity improves when test sites are accessible to people with disabilities. ♿
Answer
형평성 — Accessibility adjusts the environment so participation is genuinely possible. 🧭
E. 심사 과정에서 친분이 작용했다면 ＿＿＿＿이 훼손된다.
If personal connections affect the screening process, fairness is damaged. 🧾
Answer
공정성 — Bias in procedure damages fairness. ⚠️
F. 경제적 배경과 상관없이 도전할 수 있는 사회가 ＿＿＿＿을 지향한다.
A society where people can try regardless of economic background aims for equal opportunity. 🧗
Answer
기회의 균등 — The focus is equal access despite background differences. 🚪
G. 모두에게 같은 양의 지원을 주는 것이 항상 ＿＿＿＿을 보장하지는 않는다.
Giving everyone the same amount of support does not always guarantee equity. 📦
Answer
형평성 — Equal amount is not always equitable when needs differ. 🧭
H. 채용 공고를 널리 알리는 것은 지원 ＿＿＿＿를 넓히는 방법이다.
Publicizing job postings widely is a way to broaden application opportunities. 📣
Answer
기회 — The collocation 지원 기회 means opportunity to apply. 💼
I. 면접관의 주관적 판단이 커지면 평가의 ＿＿＿＿이 흔들린다.
When interviewers’ subjective judgment grows, fairness of evaluation becomes unstable. 🎤
Answer
공정성 — Subjective judgment threatens impartial evaluation. ⚖️
J. 지역별 인터넷 접근성 차이는 교육 ＿＿＿＿의 문제와 연결된다.
Regional differences in internet access are connected to the issue of educational opportunity. 🌐
Answer
기회 — Access differences shape educational opportunities. 🚪
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 공정성 → procedural fairness / impartiality
  • 형평성 → equity adjusted for different conditions
  • 기회 → opportunity / chance
  • 기회의 균등 → equal opportunity
  • 지원자 → applicant
  • 농어촌 학생 → rural student
  • 접근 가능하다 → to be accessible
  • 친분 → personal connection
  • 경제적 배경 → economic background
  • 주관적 판단 → subjective judgment
Tip 💡 공정성 checks the rule; 형평성 checks the condition; 기회 checks the door.
 

Exercise 4 — Debate Connectors and Argument Flow 🧩

A. 능력주의는 노력의 가치를 인정한다. ＿＿＿＿ 출발선의 차이를 간과할 위험이 있다.
Meritocracy recognizes the value of effort. On the other hand, it risks overlooking differences in starting lines. ⚖️
Answer
반면에 — This connector introduces contrast. 🔁
B. 평가 기준은 공개되었다. ＿＿＿＿ 정보 접근성의 차이는 남아 있다.
The evaluation standards were disclosed. Nevertheless, differences in information access remain. 📢
Answer
그럼에도 불구하고 — It means nevertheless / despite that. 🧱
C. 기회의 균등이 부족하다. ＿＿＿＿ 결과의 차이를 개인 탓으로만 돌리기는 어렵다.
Equal opportunity is insufficient. Therefore, it is hard to blame outcome differences only on individuals. 🧭
Answer
따라서 — It marks a conclusion based on the previous sentence. ➡️
D. 공정성은 ＿＿＿＿ 같은 규칙을 적용하는 것이 아니라 맥락도 고려하는 문제다.
Fairness is not simply applying the same rule; it is also a matter of considering context. 🔍
Answer
단순히 — 단순히 … 것이 아니라 means “not simply … but.” 🧩
E. 사회적 경쟁이 치열할수록 실패를 개인 책임으로 해석하는 경향이 ＿＿＿＿.
The fiercer social competition becomes, the stronger the tendency to interpret failure as individual responsibility becomes. 📈
Answer
강해진다 — From 강해지다, meaning to become stronger. 💪
F. 기회가 보장되지 않으면 능력의 차이도 제대로 ＿＿＿＿ 어렵다.
If opportunity is not guaranteed, even differences in ability are hard to evaluate properly. 📝
Answer
평가하기 — From 평가하다; 평가하기 어렵다 means “hard to evaluate.” 🔎
G. 공정한 제도는 결과뿐 아니라 과정도 ＿＿＿＿ 살핀다.
A fair system examines not only results but also the process. 🛤️
Answer
함께 — 함께 살피다 means to examine together / also consider. 👀
H. 성과주의는 임금 체계에서 자주 ＿＿＿＿ 개념이다.
Performance-based principle is a concept often discussed in wage systems. 💰
Answer
논의되는 — From 논의되다, meaning to be discussed. 🗣️
I. 구조적 불평등을 줄이려면 제도적 장벽을 먼저 ＿＿＿＿ 한다.
To reduce structural inequality, institutional barriers must first be identified. 🚧
Answer
파악해야 — From 파악하다, meaning to grasp or identify. 🧠
J. 공정성 논쟁은 감정의 문제가 아니라 사회 제도를 ＿＿＿＿ 문제다.
The fairness debate is not a matter of emotion, but a matter of analyzing social systems. 🏛️
Answer
분석하는 — From 분석하다, meaning to analyze. 🔬
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 반면에 → on the other hand
  • 그럼에도 불구하고 → nevertheless / despite that
  • 따라서 → therefore
  • 단순히 → simply
  • 강해지다 → to become stronger
  • 평가하다 → to evaluate
  • 함께 → together / also
  • 논의되다 → to be discussed
  • 파악하다 → to identify / grasp
  • 분석하다 → to analyze
Tip 💡 Advanced vocabulary shines when connectors make your argument flow: contrast, concede, conclude, then analyze.
 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. 능력주의를 “재능만 보는 제도”로 이해하면 의미가 ＿＿＿＿진다.
If you understand meritocracy as “a system that only looks at talent,” the meaning becomes too narrow. 🔍
Answer
좁아 — ❌ Meritocracy is not only natural talent → ✅ It includes ability, effort, achievement, and evaluation. 🧠
B. 같은 시험을 봤다고 해서 모든 지원자의 ＿＿＿＿이 같았다고 말할 수는 없다.
Even if applicants took the same exam, we cannot say their starting lines were the same. 🏁
Answer
출발선 — ❌ Same test means same conditions → ✅ Starting conditions may still differ. 🚦
C. 공정성만 강조하면 불리한 조건을 보완하는 ＿＿＿＿의 필요성이 흐려질 수 있다.
If only fairness is emphasized, the need for equity that compensates for disadvantage can become blurred. 🌫️
Answer
형평성 — ❌ Fairness and equity are identical → ✅ Equity responds to unequal conditions. 🧭
D. 기회는 단순한 운이 아니라 교육과 취업에 접근할 수 있는 ＿＿＿＿를 뜻할 때가 많다.
Opportunity often means access to education and employment, not simple luck. 🚪
Answer
가능성 — ❌ 기회 is only casual chance → ✅ In social debate, it often means access or possibility. 🧗
E. 경쟁이 공정해 보여도 가정 배경에 따른 ＿＿＿＿은 남아 있을 수 있다.
Even if competition appears fair, inequality based on family background may remain. 🏠
Answer
불평등 — ❌ Fair competition proves society is fair → ✅ Unequal background can still shape outcomes. 🧱
F. 개인의 노력만 강조하면 제도적 장벽을 ＿＿＿＿ 못할 수 있다.
If only individual effort is emphasized, institutional barriers may not be noticed. 🚧
Answer
보지 — ❌ Effort explains every outcome → ✅ Systems and barriers also matter. 👀
G. 성과주의는 직장에서 ＿＿＿＿와 연결되지만 능력주의 전체와 완전히 같지는 않다.
Performance-based principle is connected to evaluation at work, but it is not exactly the same as all of meritocracy. 🏢
Answer
평가 — ❌ 성과주의 and 능력주의 always match perfectly → ✅ 성과주의 is narrower and often workplace-focused. 📊
H. 공평성은 같은 대우를 떠올리게 하지만, ＿＿＿＿은 조건의 차이를 더 적극적으로 고려한다.
Even-handedness suggests equal treatment, but equity more actively considers differences in conditions. 🤝
Answer
형평성 — ❌ All fairness words carry the same nuance → ✅ 형평성 is more adjustment-oriented. 🧭
I. 정보가 일부 사람에게만 제공되면 지원 과정의 ＿＿＿＿이 의심받는다.
If information is provided only to some people, the fairness of the application process is questioned. 📣
Answer
공정성 — Unequal access to information can damage procedural fairness. ⚖️
J. 좋은 비판은 노력의 가치를 부정하지 않고 기회의 조건을 함께 ＿＿＿＿한다.
A good critique does not deny the value of effort; it also analyzes the conditions of opportunity. 🧠
Answer
분석 — Final patrol: balance 개인의 노력 with 기회의 조건 and 구조적 불평등. 🛡️
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 좁아지다 → to become narrow
  • 출발선 → starting line
  • 형평성 → equity
  • 가능성 → possibility
  • 불평등 → inequality
  • 보다 → to see
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 공평성 → even-handedness / equal treatment
  • 공정성 → fairness / impartiality
  • 분석 → analysis
Tip 💡 Pitfall patrol rule: do not flatten nuance. 공정성, 형평성, and 기회의 균등 each point to a different fairness question.
 
🎉 Excellent work — you can now discuss 능력주의, 공정성, 형평성, and 기회의 균등 without tossing them into one giant “fairness soup.” That is advanced vocabulary with a spine. ⚖️🧠