🖋️

Mastering the Literary Style: Review

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문어체 총정리
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Advanced Grammar
🖋️
TL;DR 🦄
  • 📚 문어체 [mu-neo-che] = written style. It needs steady endings, formal connectors, clean spacing, and sentences that sound like essays, reports, notices, or literary narration.
  • 🧭 This review ties together -(ㄴ/는)다 [-(n/neun)-da], -(으)라 [-(eu)-ra], -(으)며 [-(eu)-myeo], -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면 [-(eu)n/neun-ga ha-myeon], -건만 [-geon-man], and -(으)ㄹ 따름이다 [-(eu)l tta-reu-mi-da].
  • 🛠️ The big advanced skill is style control: choose the grammar that matches the writing purpose, then keep the tone consistent from start to finish.
🔊
🎧 Iru Helper Note — Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets to hear sentences like 이 글은 문어체를 설명한다. [i geu-reun mu-neo-che-reul seol-myeong-han-da] and 자료를 확인하라. [ja-ryo-reul hwa-gin-ha-ra]. Written style has rhythm too — it just wears nicer shoes. 👞
 

🌈 The Big Picture

This review is your advanced written-style control room. 🧑‍✈️ Instead of learning one shiny pattern at a time, you are now deciding which written-style tool fits the sentence’s job.
 
A polished Korean paragraph may need:
  • -(ㄴ/는)다 [-(n/neun)-da] for plain written narration or explanation.
  • -(으)라 [-(eu)-ra] for formal written commands, notices, rules, or exam prompts.
  • -(으)며 [-(eu)-myeo] for elegant “while/as” or formal “and.”
  • -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면 [-(eu)n/neun-ga ha-myeon] for polished two-sided contrast.
  • -건만 [-geon-man] for literary “although / and yet” with disappointment or expectation gap.
  • -(으)ㄹ 따름이다 [-(eu)l tta-reu-mi-da] for formal restrained limitation: “can only / nothing but / simply.”
 
A review lesson is not a repeat; it is a control panel. The learner’s job is to ask: “What is this sentence doing — explaining, commanding, listing, contrasting, regretting, or limiting?” 🧩

🎨 The Core Literary Style Family

1. Plain written explanation: -(ㄴ/는)다

Use this for diaries, essays, reports, summaries, textbook-style explanations, narration, and general truths.
  • 사용하다 → 사용한다 [sa-yong-ha-da → sa-yong-han-da] — to use → uses
  • 설명하다 → 설명한다 [seol-myeong-ha-da → seol-myeong-han-da] — to explain → explains
  • 좋다 → 좋다 [jot-da → jot-da] — to be good → is good
  • 학생 → 학생이다 [hak-saeng → hak-saeng-i-da] — student → is a student
 

2. Formal written command: -(으)라

Use this for notices, rules, written instructions, public commands, or exam prompts.
  • 확인하다 → 확인하라 [hwa-gin-ha-da → hwa-gin-ha-ra] — check/confirm
  • 읽다 → 읽으라 [ik-da → il-geu-ra] — read
  • 만들다 → 만들라 [man-deul-da → man-deul-la] — make
  • 들어가다 → 들어가지 말라 [deu-reo-ga-da → deu-reo-ga-ji mal-la] — do not enter
 

3. Elegant connection: -(으)며

Use this for simultaneous action or formal listing.
  • 읽다 → 읽으며 [ik-da → il-geu-myeo] — while reading / and reads
  • 설명하다 → 설명하며 [seol-myeong-ha-da → seol-myeong-ha-myeo] — while explaining / and explains
  • 학생이다 → 학생이며 [hak-saeng-i-da → hak-saeng-i-myeo] — is a student and…
 

4. Polished contrast: -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면

Use this when two related sides coexist or contrast.
  • 증가하다 → 증가하는가 하면 [jeung-ga-ha-da → jeung-ga-ha-neun-ga ha-myeon] — while it increases
  • 간단하다 → 간단한가 하면 [gan-dan-ha-da → gan-dan-han-ga ha-myeon] — while it is simple
  • 기회 → 기회인가 하면 [gi-hoe → gi-hoe-in-ga ha-myeon] — while it is an opportunity
 

5. Literary disappointment: -건만

Use this when the second clause goes against expectation.
  • 알다 → 알건만 [al-da → al-geon-man] — although someone knows
  • 기다리다 → 기다렸건만 [gi-da-ri-da → gi-da-ryeot-geon-man] — although someone waited
  • 사실 → 사실이건만 [sa-sil → sa-si-ri-geon-man] — although it is a fact
 

6. Restrained limitation: -(으)ㄹ 따름이다

Use this for formal “only / can only / simply,” often in apology, gratitude, waiting, or restrained judgment.
  • 기다리다 → 기다릴 따름입니다 [gi-da-ri-da → gi-da-ril tta-reu-mim-ni-da] — all we can do is wait
  • 감사하다 → 감사할 따름입니다 [gam-sa-ha-da → gam-sa-hal tta-reu-mim-ni-da] — I am simply grateful
  • 읽다 → 읽을 따름입니다 [ik-da → il-geul tta-reu-mim-ni-da] — merely read

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

  • 이 글은 문어체의 특징을 설명한다.
      • [i geu-reun mu-neo-che-ui teuk-jjing-eul seol-myeong-han-da]
      This writing explains the features of written style. 📝
      글 = writing/text; 특징 = feature; 설명하다 = to explain.
 
  • 다음 질문에 답하라.
      • [da-eum jil-mu-ne da-pa-ra]
      Answer the following question. 🧾
      다음 = following/next; 질문 = question; 답하다 = to answer. This sounds like an exam prompt, not a café request.
 
  • 자료는 풍부한가 하면 분석은 부족하다.
      • [ja-ryo-neun pung-bu-han-ga ha-myeon bun-seo-geun bu-jo-ka-da]
      The data is abundant, while the analysis is insufficient. 📊
      자료 = data/materials; 풍부하다 = to be abundant; 분석 = analysis; 부족하다 = to be insufficient.

🧩 General Formation Rules

Written explanation: -(ㄴ/는)다

  • Action vowel stem + ㄴ다: 보다 → 본다 [bo-da → bon-da] — sees/watches
  • Action consonant stem + 는다: 먹다 → 먹는다 [meok-da → meong-neun-da] — eats
  • ㄹ-stem drops ㄹ before ㄴ다: 살다 → 산다 [sal-da → san-da] — lives
  • Descriptive verbs often keep 다: 많다 → 많다 [man-ta → man-ta] — is many/much
 

Formal command: -(으)라

  • Vowel stem + 라: 제출하다 → 제출하라 [je-chul-ha-da → je-chul-ha-ra]
  • Consonant stem + 으라: 받다 → 받으라 [bat-da → ba-deu-ra]
  • ㄹ-stem + 라: 만들다 → 만들라 [man-deul-da → man-deul-la]
  • Formal negative command: -지 말라 [-ji mal-la] = do not
 

Connectors and literary endings

  • -(으)며: vowel/ㄹ stem + 며, consonant stem + 으며.
  • -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면: action + 는가 하면, state + (으)ㄴ가 하면, noun + 인가 하면.
  • -건만: stem + 건만, past base + 건만, noun + 이건만.
  • -(으)ㄹ 따름이다: vowel stem + ㄹ 따름이다, consonant stem + 을 따름이다, ㄹ-stem + 따름이다.

📚 Cross-check note

The written-style labels, speech-style distinctions, spacing notes for 따름, and the reviewed grammar forms were cross-checked against 국립국어원 / korean.go.kr. ✅

🪞 Synonym Alert

  • 문어체 [mu-neo-che] — written style / literary-written style.
  • 구어체 [gu-eo-che] — spoken style.
  • 해라체 [hae-ra-che] — plain style often used in written narration, explanation, and commands depending on sentence type.
  • 하십시오체 [ha-sip-si-o-che] — highly polite formal style, useful for announcements and respectful official writing.
  • 뿐이다 [ppu-ni-da] — common “only / just,” less literary than 따름이다.
  • 수밖에 없다 [su-ba-kke eop-tta] — “have no choice but to,” stronger pressure than 따름이다.

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • ❌ 중요해요 in a neutral essay → ✅ 중요하다 (Avoid spoken polite endings in plain written prose.)
  • ❌ 읽라 → ✅ 읽으라 (Consonant stem needs 으라.)
  • ❌ Treating every -(으)며 as “while” → ✅ Sometimes it means formal “and.”
  • ❌ 증가한가 하면 → ✅ 증가하는가 하면 (Present action uses 는가 하면.)
  • ❌ 사실건만 → ✅ 사실이건만 (Noun identity normally needs 이.)
  • ❌ 기다릴따름입니다 → ✅ 기다릴 따름입니다 (Write the dependent noun 따름 separately.)
 
🖋️ Final feel: literary style is not “make everything fancy.” It is choose the right written voice, then keep it steady. Your paragraph should not wear sneakers, a crown, and a raincoat at the same time. 👟👑☔
 
Try this exercise
Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best reviewed written-style form. Read the Korean sentence, decide which grammar job it performs, then check the Answer toggle.
1. 이 글은 문어체를 설명＿＿＿＿.
[i geu-reun mu-neo-che-reul seol-myeong＿＿＿＿]
This writing explains written style. 📝
Answer
설명한다 — 설명하다 is an action 하다 verb, so written style uses 한다.
2. 공지 내용을 읽＿＿＿＿.
[gong-ji nae-yo-ngeul il＿＿＿＿]
Read the notice contents. 📢
Answer
읽으라 — formal written command; 읽다 has a consonant stem.
3. 기자는 현장을 살피＿＿＿＿ 질문을 이어 갔다.
[gi-ja-neun hyeon-ja-ngeul sal-pi＿＿＿＿ jil-mu-neul i-eo gat-tta]
The reporter continued asking questions while examining the scene. 🎙️
Answer
살피며 — 살피다 + 며; the actions overlap.
4. 자료는 풍부＿＿＿＿ 분석은 부족하다.
[ja-ryo-neun pung-bu＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geun bu-jo-ka-da]
The data is abundant, while the analysis is insufficient. 📊
Answer
풍부한가 하면 — descriptive 하다 verb + 한가 하면.
5. 모두가 알＿＿＿＿ 아무도 움직이지 않았다.
[mo-du-ga al＿＿＿＿ a-mu-do um-ji-gi-ji a-nat-tta]
Although everyone knew, nobody moved. 👥
Answer
알건만 — -건만 gives literary contrast against expectation.
6. 이제 결과를 기다릴 ＿＿＿＿.
[i-je gyeol-gwa-reul gi-da-ril ＿＿＿＿]
Now all we can do is wait for the result. ⏳
Answer
따름입니다 — 기다릴 따름입니다 means “all we can do is wait.”
7. 양식을 작성하＿＿＿＿.
[yang-si-geul jak-seong-ha＿＿＿＿]
Fill out the form. 🧾
Answer
라 — 작성하다 → 작성하라, a formal written command.
8. 그 사람은 연구자＿＿＿＿ 교육자이다.
[geu sa-ra-meun yeon-gu-ja＿＿＿＿ gyo-yuk-ja-i-da]
That person is a researcher and an educator. 🧑‍🏫
Answer
이며 — noun + 이다 becomes 이며 for formal noun listing.
9. 그 선택은 기회＿＿＿＿ 부담이기도 하다.
[geu seon-tae-geun gi-hoe＿＿＿＿ bu-da-mi-gi-do ha-da]
That choice is an opportunity, while it is also a burden. 🎲
Answer
기회인가 하면 — noun + 인가 하면.
10. 도와주셔서 감사할 ＿＿＿＿.
[do-wa-ju-syeo-seo gam-sa-hal ＿＿＿＿]
I am simply grateful that you helped. 🙏
Answer
따름입니다 — formal restrained gratitude: 감사할 따름입니다.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 글 → writing/text
  • 문어체 → written style
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 공지 → notice
  • 내용 → contents
  • 읽다 → to read
  • 기자 → reporter
  • 현장 → scene/site
  • 살피다 → to examine
  • 질문 → question
  • 자료 → material/data
  • 풍부하다 → to be abundant
  • 분석 → analysis
  • 부족하다 → to be insufficient
  • 알다 → to know
  • 아무도 → nobody
  • 움직이다 → to move
  • 결과 → result
  • 기다리다 → to wait
  • 양식 → form
  • 작성하다 → to fill out/write
  • 연구자 → researcher
  • 교육자 → educator
  • 선택 → choice
  • 기회 → opportunity
  • 부담 → burden
  • 도와주다 → to help
  • 감사하다 → to be grateful
Tip 💡 First identify the sentence job: explain, command, connect, contrast, regret, or limit.
🚀
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below gives you 50 review prompts for full literary-style control. 🖋️
 
📦
🎯 Practice Hub — Mastering the Literary Style: Review
 
Welcome to the literary-style command center. 🖋️ This Practice Hub reviews the advanced written grammar you have already met: plain written narration, formal written commands, elegant linking, polished contrast, literary disappointment, and restrained limitation. Think of it as a grammar orchestra: every ending gets an instrument, and your job is to keep the essay from turning into kazoo jazz. 🎼
 
🔊 Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a sentence before opening the Answer toggle.
 
📝 Instructions: Fill each blank with the best written-style form. Read the Korean line, say your answer aloud, then check the Answer toggle for the form note and style reason.
 

Exercise 1 — Plain Written Narration: -(ㄴ/는)다 ✍️

A. 사람들은 정보를 찾＿＿＿＿.
[sa-ram-deu-reun jeong-bo-reul chat＿＿＿＿]
People look for information. 🔍
Answer
찾는다 — 찾다 has a consonant stem, so use 는다.
B. 이 자료는 중요한 정보를 제공＿＿＿＿.
[i ja-ryo-neun jung-yo-han jeong-bo-reul je-gong＿＿＿＿]
This material provides important information. 📄
Answer
제공한다 — action 하다 verb → 한다.
C. 시간은 빠르게 흐＿＿＿＿.
[si-ga-neun ppa-reu-ge heu＿＿＿＿]
Time passes quickly. ⏳
Answer
흐른다 — 흐르다 takes ㄴ다 in written narration.
D. 서울은 사람이 많＿＿＿＿.
[seo-u-reun sa-ra-mi man＿＿＿＿]
Seoul has many people. 🏙️
Answer
많다 — descriptive verb/adjective keeps plain 다.
E. 아이가 밥을 먹＿＿＿＿.
[a-i-ga ba-beul meok＿＿＿＿]
The child eats rice. 🍚
Answer
먹는다 — consonant-ending action stem + 는다.
F. 노력은 좋은 결과를 만들＿＿＿＿.
[no-ryeo-geun jo-eun gyeol-gwa-reul man-deul＿＿＿＿]
Effort creates good results. 🌱
Answer
만든다 — 만들다 drops ㄹ before ㄴ다.
G. 그 학생은 도서관에 갔＿＿＿＿.
[geu hak-sae-ngeun do-seo-gwa-ne gat＿＿＿＿]
The student went to the library. 📚
Answer
갔다 — past plain written style.
H. 결과가 곧 나올 ＿＿＿＿.
[gyeol-gwa-ga got na-ol ＿＿＿＿]
The result will come out soon. 📊
Answer
것이다 — written future/prediction uses -(으)ㄹ 것이다.
I. 이것은 문제＿＿＿＿.
[i-geo-seun mun-je＿＿＿＿]
This is a problem. ⚠️
Answer
문제이다 — noun + 이다.
J. 이것은 정답이 아니＿＿＿＿.
[i-geo-seun jeong-da-bi a-ni＿＿＿＿]
This is not the correct answer. ✅
Answer
아니다 — negative noun statement: 정답이 아니다.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 사람들 → people
  • 정보 → information
  • 찾다 → to look for/find
  • 자료 → material/data
  • 중요하다 → to be important
  • 제공하다 → to provide
  • 시간 → time
  • 흐르다 → to flow/pass
  • 서울 → Seoul
  • 많다 → to be many/much
  • 아이 → child
  • 밥 → rice/meal
  • 먹다 → to eat
  • 노력 → effort
  • 결과 → result
  • 만들다 → to make
  • 학생 → student
  • 도서관 → library
  • 정답 → correct answer
Tip 💡 Written explanation loves stable -다 endings.
 

Exercise 2 — Formal Written Commands: -(으)라 📋

A. 자료를 확인하＿＿＿＿.
[ja-ryo-reul hwa-gin-ha＿＿＿＿]
Check the materials. 📄
Answer
확인하라 — 확인하다 → 확인하라.
B. 기한 안에 제출하＿＿＿＿.
[gi-han a-ne je-chul-ha＿＿＿＿]
Submit within the deadline. ⏰
Answer
제출하라 — vowel stem + 라.
C. 규정을 준수하＿＿＿＿.
[gyu-jeo-ngeul jun-su-ha＿＿＿＿]
Follow the regulation. 🦺
Answer
준수하라 — formal written instruction.
D. 공지 내용을 읽＿＿＿＿.
[gong-ji nae-yo-ngeul il＿＿＿＿]
Read the notice contents. 📢
Answer
읽으라 — consonant stem + 으라.
E. 입구에서 대기하＿＿＿＿.
[ip-gu-e-seo dae-gi-ha＿＿＿＿]
Wait at the entrance. 🚪
Answer
대기하라 — 대기하다 → 대기하라.
F. 양식을 작성하＿＿＿＿.
[yang-si-geul jak-seong-ha＿＿＿＿]
Fill out the form. 🧾
Answer
작성하라 — formal written command.
G. 결과를 믿＿＿＿＿.
[gyeol-gwa-reul mit＿＿＿＿]
Trust the result. 📊
Answer
믿으라 — consonant stem + 으라.
H. 새 양식을 만들＿＿＿＿.
[sae yang-si-geul man-deul＿＿＿＿]
Make a new form. 🧾
Answer
만들라 — ㄹ-stem + 라, not 으라.
I. 허가 없이 들어가지 ＿＿＿＿.
[heo-ga eop-si deu-reo-ga-ji ＿＿＿＿]
Do not enter without permission. 🚫
Answer
말라 — formal written prohibition: -지 말라.
J. 담당자에게 받＿＿＿＿.
[dam-dang-ja-e-ge bat＿＿＿＿]
Receive it from the person in charge. 🪪
Answer
받으라 — consonant stem + 으라.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 확인하다 → to check/confirm
  • 기한 → deadline
  • 제출하다 → to submit
  • 규정 → regulation
  • 준수하다 → to comply with/follow
  • 공지 → notice
  • 내용 → contents
  • 읽다 → to read
  • 입구 → entrance
  • 대기하다 → to wait/stand by
  • 양식 → form
  • 작성하다 → to write/fill out
  • 믿다 → to believe/trust
  • 만들다 → to make
  • 허가 → permission
  • 들어가다 → to enter
  • 담당자 → person in charge
  • 받다 → to receive
Tip 💡 -(으)라 sounds official, distant, and written — clipboard grammar. 📋
 

Exercise 3 — Elegant Linking: -(으)며 🕰️

A. 연구원은 표본을 관찰하＿＿＿＿ 변화를 기록했다.
[yeon-gu-wo-neun pyo-bo-neul gwan-chal-ha＿＿＿＿ byeon-hwa-reul gi-ro-kaet-tta]
The researcher recorded changes while observing the sample. 🔬
Answer
관찰하며 — 관찰하다 + 며.
B. 학생은 문단을 읽＿＿＿＿ 낯선 어휘를 표시했다.
[hak-sae-ngeun mun-da-neul il＿＿＿＿ nat-seon eo-hwi-reul pyo-si-haet-tta]
The student marked unfamiliar vocabulary while reading the paragraph. 📘
Answer
읽으며 — consonant stem + 으며.
C. 그 논문은 주장이 명확하＿＿＿＿ 근거가 탄탄하다.
[geu non-mu-neun ju-ja-ngi myeong-hwa-ka＿＿＿＿ geun-geo-ga tan-tan-ha-da]
The paper’s argument is clear and its evidence is solid. 📄
Answer
명확하며 — formal quality listing, not literal “while.”
D. 이 전시는 규모가 작＿＿＿＿ 구성이 섬세하다.
[i jeon-si-neun gyu-mo-ga jak＿＿＿＿ gu-seo-ngi seom-se-ha-da]
This exhibition is small in scale and delicate in composition. 🖼️
Answer
작으며 — consonant stem + 으며.
E. 그는 번역가＿＿＿＿ 편집자이다.
[geu-neun beon-yeok-ga＿＿＿＿ pyeon-jip-ja-i-da]
They are a translator and an editor. 📚
Answer
번역가이며 — noun + 이다 becomes 이며.
F. 이 방식은 간결하＿＿＿＿ 설득력이 있다.
[i bang-si-geun gan-gyeol-ha＿＿＿＿ seol-deung-nyeo-gi it-tta]
This method is concise and persuasive. 🧩
Answer
간결하며 — formal listing of qualities.
G. 기자는 현장의 소음을 녹음하＿＿＿＿ 주변 상황을 묘사했다.
[gi-ja-neun hyeon-ja-nge so-eu-meul no-geum-ha＿＿＿＿ ju-byeon sang-hwa-ngeul myo-sa-haet-tta]
The reporter described the surroundings while recording the scene noise. 🎙️
Answer
녹음하며 — simultaneous action.
H. 그 설명은 간결하＿＿＿＿ 예시가 적절하다.
[geu seol-myeo-ngeun gan-gyeol-ha＿＿＿＿ ye-si-ga jeok-jeol-ha-da]
The explanation is concise and the examples are appropriate. 🧾
Answer
간결하며 — formal “and.”
I. 해설자는 지도를 가리키＿＿＿＿ 경로를 설명했다.
[hae-seol-ja-neun ji-do-reul ga-ri-ki＿＿＿＿ gyeong-no-reul seol-myeong-haet-tta]
The commentator explained the route while pointing at the map. 🗺️
Answer
가리키며 — vowel stem + 며.
J. 이 공간은 자료실＿＿＿＿ 토론 장소이다.
[i gong-ga-neun ja-ryo-sil＿＿＿＿ to-ron jang-so-i-da]
This space is a resource room and a discussion place. 🗂️
Answer
자료실이며 — noun + 이며.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 연구원 → researcher
  • 표본 → sample
  • 관찰하다 → to observe
  • 기록하다 → to record
  • 문단 → paragraph
  • 어휘 → vocabulary
  • 표시하다 → to mark
  • 논문 → paper
  • 주장 → argument/claim
  • 명확하다 → to be clear
  • 근거 → evidence
  • 전시 → exhibition
  • 작다 → to be small
  • 번역가 → translator
  • 편집자 → editor
  • 방식 → method
  • 간결하다 → to be concise
  • 녹음하다 → to record audio
  • 묘사하다 → to describe
  • 지도 → map
  • 가리키다 → to point at
  • 자료실 → resource room
  • 토론 장소 → discussion place
Tip 💡 If actions overlap, read -(으)며 as “while/as.” If qualities line up, read it as formal “and.”
 

Exercise 4 — Polished Contrast + Restrained Limitation ⚖️

A. 수요는 증가＿＿＿＿ 공급은 줄어들고 있다.
[su-yo-neun jeung-ga＿＿＿＿ gong-geu-beun ju-reo-deul-go it-tta]
Demand is increasing, while supply is decreasing. 📈
Answer
증가하는가 하면 — action verb + 는가 하면.
B. 이 방식은 비용이 낮＿＿＿＿ 적용 범위가 좁다.
[i bang-si-geun bi-yo-ngi nat＿＿＿＿ jeo-gyong beom-wi-ga jop-tta]
This method has low cost, while its scope is narrow. 🧾
Answer
낮은가 하면 — descriptive verb + 은가 하면.
C. 그 선택은 기회＿＿＿＿ 부담이기도 하다.
[geu seon-tae-geun gi-hoe＿＿＿＿ bu-da-mi-gi-do ha-da]
That choice is an opportunity, while it is also a burden. 🎲
Answer
기회인가 하면 — noun + 인가 하면.
D. 도시는 빠르게 변＿＿＿＿ 시골은 천천히 변한다.
[do-si-neun ppa-reu-ge byeon＿＿＿＿ si-go-reun cheon-cheo-ni byeon-han-da]
Cities change quickly, while rural areas change slowly. 🏙️
Answer
변하는가 하면 — action verb + 는가 하면.
E. 자료는 풍부＿＿＿＿ 분석은 부족하다.
[ja-ryo-neun pung-bu＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geun bu-jo-ka-da]
The data is abundant, while the analysis is insufficient. 📊
Answer
풍부한가 하면 — descriptive 하다 verb.
F. 이제 결과를 기다릴 ＿＿＿＿.
[i-je gyeol-gwa-reul gi-da-ril ＿＿＿＿]
Now all we can do is wait for the result. ⏳
Answer
따름입니다 — formal limitation: 기다릴 따름입니다.
G. 불편을 드려 죄송할 ＿＿＿＿.
[bul-pyeo-neul deu-ryeo joe-song-hal ＿＿＿＿]
I am simply sorry for causing inconvenience. 📨
Answer
따름입니다 — formal restrained apology.
H. 주어진 자료를 읽을 ＿＿＿＿.
[ju-eo-jin ja-ryo-reul il-geul ＿＿＿＿]
I merely read the given materials. 📚
Answer
따름입니다 — consonant stem 읽다 uses 읽을.
I. 그 말을 믿을 ＿＿＿＿.
[geu ma-reul mi-deul ＿＿＿＿]
I can only believe those words. 💬
Answer
따름입니다 — 믿을 따름입니다.
J. 필요한 자료를 만들 ＿＿＿＿.
[pi-ryo-han ja-ryo-reul man-deul ＿＿＿＿]
I merely make the necessary materials. 🛠️
Answer
따름입니다 — 만들다 already ends in ㄹ, so use 만들 따름입니다.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 수요 → demand
  • 증가하다 → to increase
  • 공급 → supply
  • 줄어들다 → to decrease
  • 방식 → method
  • 비용 → cost
  • 낮다 → to be low
  • 적용 범위 → scope of application
  • 좁다 → to be narrow
  • 선택 → choice
  • 기회 → opportunity
  • 부담 → burden
  • 도시 → city
  • 변하다 → to change
  • 시골 → rural area
  • 풍부하다 → to be abundant
  • 기다리다 → to wait
  • 죄송하다 → to be sorry
  • 읽다 → to read
  • 믿다 → to believe
  • 만들다 → to make
Tip 💡 인가 하면 contrasts two sides; 따름입니다 politely narrows the sentence to “only this.”
 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. ❌ 이 글은 중요해요. → ✅ 이 글은 중요＿＿＿＿.
[i geu-reun jung-yo＿＿＿＿]
Fix the spoken ending for neutral written style. 📝
Answer
중요하다 — In neutral written prose, avoid spoken polite 해요.
B. ❌ 읽라 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿
[＿＿＿＿]
Fix the formal command “Read.” 📢
Answer
읽으라 — 읽다 ends in a consonant, so use 으라.
C. ❌ 만들으라 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿
[＿＿＿＿]
Fix the formal command “Make.” 🧾
Answer
만들라 — ㄹ-stems take 라, not 으라.
D. ❌ 증가한가 하면 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿
[＿＿＿＿]
Fix the contrast form for “while it increases.” 📈
Answer
증가하는가 하면 — Present action verb uses 는가 하면.
E. ❌ 부담는가 하면 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿
[＿＿＿＿]
Fix the noun contrast form for “while it is a burden.” 🎲
Answer
부담인가 하면 — noun + 인가 하면.
F. ❌ 사실건만 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿
[＿＿＿＿]
Fix “although it is a fact.” 🔍
Answer
사실이건만 — noun identity normally needs 이건만.
G. 오래 기다렸＿＿＿＿ 소식은 없었다.
[o-rae gi-da-ryeot＿＿＿＿ so-si-geun eop-seot-tta]
Although someone waited a long time, there was no news. 🕰️
Answer
기다렸건만 — past base + 건만.
H. ❌ 기다릴따름입니다 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿
[＿＿＿＿]
Fix the spacing for “all we can do is wait.” ⏳
Answer
기다릴 따름입니다 — 따름 is a dependent noun, so write it separately.
I. ❌ 만들을 따름입니다 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿
[＿＿＿＿]
Fix the limitation form for “merely make.” 🛠️
Answer
만들 따름입니다 — 만들다 already ends in ㄹ; do not add 을.
J. 문어체와 구어체를 섞지 ＿＿＿＿.
[mu-neo-che-wa gu-eo-che-reul seok-jji ＿＿＿＿]
Do not mix written style and spoken style. 💬
Answer
않는다 — 섞지 않는다 keeps a written-style correction sentence.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 글 → writing/text
  • 중요하다 → to be important
  • 읽다 → to read
  • 만들다 → to make
  • 증가하다 → to increase
  • 부담 → burden
  • 사실 → fact
  • 기다리다 → to wait
  • 소식 → news
  • 따름이다 → to be only / nothing but
  • 문어체 → written style
  • 구어체 → spoken style
  • 섞다 → to mix
Tip 💡 Pitfall patrol order: style → stem shape → noun/verb category → spacing → tone.
 
🎉 Excellent work — you just reviewed the written-style toolkit: explain with -다, command with -(으)라, link with -(으)며, contrast with 인가 하면 and 건만, and limit with 따름입니다. Your essays are now less “ending soup” and more “tailored grammar suit.” 🧥✨