🧷

Maintaining a Result: -아/어 있다

Keywords
-아/어 있다
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Grammar
🧷
TL;DR 🦄
  • 🧷 -아/어 있다 [-a/eo it-tta] shows that a completed action’s result is still maintained.
  • 🚪 It often describes visible states: a door is open, a light is off, a calendar is hanging, or a person is sitting.
  • 🧩 Build it with the 아/어 result form + 있다: 열리다 [yeol-li-da] = to be opened → 열려 있다 [yeol-lyeo it-tta] = to be open.
🔊
🎧 Iru Helper Note — Open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets and type any Korean word or sentence from this lesson to hear it read aloud. Listen especially to 열려 있어요 [yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo], 앉아 있어요 [an-ja i-sseo-yo], and 꺼져 있어요 [kkeo-jyeo i-sseo-yo]. 🧷
 

🌈 The Big Picture

Use -아/어 있다 [-a/eo it-tta] when something already happened, and the resulting state is still true now. It is Korean’s “freeze-frame” grammar: the action is finished, but the result stays on screen. 📸
 
Compare:
  • 문이 열리고 있어요. [mu-ni yeol-li-go i-sseo-yo] = The door is opening. 🚪
  • 문이 열려 있어요. [mu-ni yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo] = The door is open. 🚪🧷
 
Tiny map: 문이 [mu-ni] = the door as the subject, 열려 [yeol-lyeo] = opened, and 있어요 [i-sseo-yo] = exists/remains in that state.
 

🎨 The Core “Result Stays” Family

Main pattern
  • 동사 = result-state verb + 아/어 있다 [-a/eo it-tta] = be in the state of having done / be maintained in that result 🧷
 
Common forms
  • -아/어 있어요 [-a/eo i-sseo-yo] = is/are in that resulting state
  • -아/어 있었어요 [-a/eo i-sseo-sseo-yo] = was/were in that resulting state
  • -아/어 있을 거예요 [-a/eo i-sseul geo-ye-yo] = will be/remain in that resulting state
 
Natural result-state verbs
  • 열리다 [yeol-li-da] = to be opened 🚪 → 열려 있다 [yeol-lyeo it-tta] = to be open
  • 닫히다 [da-chi-da] = to be closed 🚪 → 닫혀 있다 [da-chyeo it-tta] = to be closed
  • 켜지다 [kyeo-ji-da] = to be turned on 💡 → 켜져 있다 [kyeo-jyeo it-tta] = to be on
  • 꺼지다 [kkeo-ji-da] = to be turned off 🕯️ → 꺼져 있다 [kkeo-jyeo it-tta] = to be off
  • 앉다 [an-tta] = to sit 🪑 → 앉아 있다 [an-ja it-tta] = to be sitting
  • 서다 [seo-da] = to stand 🧍 → 서 있다 [seo it-tta] = to be standing
  • 눕다 [nup-tta] = to lie down 🛏️ → 누워 있다 [nu-wo it-tta] = to be lying down
  • 걸리다 [geol-li-da] = to be hung 🖼️ → 걸려 있다 [geol-lyeo it-tta] = to be hanging
  • 놓이다 [no-i-da] = to be placed 📦 → 놓여 있다 [no-yeo it-tta] = to be placed
  • 떨어지다 [tteo-reo-ji-da] = to fall/drop 🍂 → 떨어져 있다 [tteo-reo-jyeo it-tta] = to be lying after falling
  • 붙다 [but-tta] = to stick / attach 🧲 → 붙어 있다 [bu-teo it-tta] = to be attached
 
Useful scene words for this lesson include 문 [mun] = door, 창문 [chang-mun] = window, 방 [bang] = room, 교실 [gyo-sil] = classroom, 불 [bul] = light, 의자 [ui-ja] = chair, 침대 [chim-dae] = bed, 벽 [byeok] = wall, 책상 [chaek-ssang] = desk, 책 [chaek] = book, 달력 [dal-lyeok] = calendar, and 사진 [sa-jin] = photo.
 

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

1. A door state
  • 문이 열려 있어요. [mu-ni yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo] = The door is open. 🚪
      • 문 [mun] = door, 이 [i] = subject marker, 열려 있어요 [yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo] = is open / remains opened.
 
2. A person’s position
  • 학생이 의자에 앉아 있어요. [hak-ssaeng-i ui-ja-e an-ja i-sseo-yo] = The student is sitting on a chair. 🪑
      • 학생 [hak-ssaeng] = student, 의자에 [ui-ja-e] = on a chair, 앉아 있어요 [an-ja i-sseo-yo] = is sitting.
 
3. A placed object
  • 책이 책상 위에 놓여 있어요. [chae-gi chaek-ssang wi-e no-yeo i-sseo-yo] = The book is placed on the desk. 📚
      • 책 [chaek] = book, 책상 위에 [chaek-ssang wi-e] = on top of the desk, 놓여 있어요 [no-yeo i-sseo-yo] = is placed.
 

🧩 General Formation Rule

Use the 아/어 form, then add 있다:
  • 열리다 → 열려 있다 [yeol-li-da → yeol-lyeo it-tta] ✅
  • 닫히다 → 닫혀 있다 [da-chi-da → da-chyeo it-tta] ✅
  • 켜지다 → 켜져 있다 [kyeo-ji-da → kyeo-jyeo it-tta] ✅
  • 꺼지다 → 꺼져 있다 [kkeo-ji-da → kkeo-jyeo it-tta] ✅
  • 앉다 → 앉아 있다 [an-tta → an-ja it-tta] ✅
  • 서다 → 서 있다 [seo-da → seo it-tta] ✅
  • 눕다 → 누워 있다 [nup-tta → nu-wo it-tta] ✅
 

🚨 Small Exception / Shape Notes

  • 눕다 [nup-tta] is ㅂ-irregular here: 눕다 → 누워 있다 [nup-tta → nu-wo it-tta], not 눕어 있다.
  • 서다 [seo-da] becomes 서 있다 [seo it-tta]. The 어 blends away because 서어 naturally contracts to 서.
  • Many natural -아/어 있다 examples use intransitive or passive-like verbs, such as 열리다 [yeol-li-da] = to be opened, not direct action verbs like 열다 [yeol-da] = to open something.
 

📚 Cross-check note

This lesson’s -아/어 있다 result-state pattern and the common forms above were cross-checked with 국립국어원 / korean.go.kr. ✅
 

🪞 Synonym Alert

  • -아/어 있다 [-a/eo it-tta] = the result is maintained. Focuses on the state after something happened. 🧷
  • -고 있다 [-go it-tta] = an action is in progress. Focuses on someone/something doing the action now. 🏃
 
Compare:
  • 문이 열리고 있어요. [mu-ni yeol-li-go i-sseo-yo] = The door is opening. 🚪
  • 문이 열려 있어요. [mu-ni yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo] = The door is open. 🚪🧷
 

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • ❌ 문이 열고 있어요 [mu-ni yeol-go i-sseo-yo] → ✅ 문이 열려 있어요 [mu-ni yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo] — the door is not “doing opening”; it is open.
  • ❌ 불이 꺼지고 있어요 [bu-ri kkeo-ji-go i-sseo-yo] when you mean “the light is off” → ✅ 불이 꺼져 있어요 [bu-ri kkeo-jyeo i-sseo-yo].
  • ❌ 눕어 있어요 [nu-beo i-sseo-yo] → ✅ 누워 있어요 [nu-wo i-sseo-yo] — 눕다 is ㅂ-irregular.
  • ❌ 열려있어요 as one tight chunk → ✅ 열려 있어요 — keep 있다 separate.
  • ⚠️ Do not use -아/어 있다 with every verb. It works best when a completed action creates a visible or understandable state.
 
🎉 With -아/어 있다 [-a/eo it-tta], Korean can freeze-frame the result: doors open, lights off, books placed, people sitting, and grammar peacefully holding still. 🧷✨
 

Try this exercise

Instructions
Complete each sentence with the correct 아/어 result form before 있어요. Read the full sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle. 🧷
1. 문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The door is open. 🚪
Answer
열려 [yeol-lyeo] — 열리다 → 열려 있다.
2. 문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The door is closed. 🚪
Answer
닫혀 [da-chyeo] — 닫히다 → 닫혀 있다.
3. 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is on. 💡
Answer
켜져 [kyeo-jyeo] — 켜지다 → 켜져 있다.
4. 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is off. 🕯️
Answer
꺼져 [kkeo-jyeo] — 꺼지다 → 꺼져 있다.
5. 학생이 의자에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[hak-ssaeng-i ui-ja-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The student is sitting on a chair. 🪑
Answer
앉아 [an-ja] — 앉다 → 앉아 있다.
6. 사람이 문 앞에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ra-mi mun a-pe ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
A person is standing in front of the door. 🧍
Answer
서 [seo] — 서다 → 서 있다.
7. 아이가 침대에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[a-i-ga chim-dae-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The child is lying on the bed. 🛏️
Answer
누워 [nu-wo] — 눕다 → 누워 있다.
8. 달력이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[dal-lyeo-gi byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The calendar is hanging on the wall. 📅
Answer
걸려 [geol-lyeo] — 걸리다 → 걸려 있다.
9. 책이 책상 위에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[chae-gi chaek-ssang wi-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The book is placed on the desk. 📚
Answer
놓여 [no-yeo] — 놓이다 → 놓여 있다.
10. 사진이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ji-ni byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The photo is attached to the wall. 🖼️
Answer
붙어 [bu-teo] — 붙다 → 붙어 있다.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 문 [mun] → door
  • 불 [bul] → light
  • 학생 [hak-ssaeng] → student
  • 사람 [sa-ram] → person
  • 아이 [a-i] → child
  • 의자 [ui-ja] → chair
  • 침대 [chim-dae] → bed
  • 달력 [dal-lyeok] → calendar
  • 벽 [byeok] → wall
  • 책 [chaek] → book
  • 책상 [chaek-ssang] → desk
  • 사진 [sa-jin] → photo
  • 앞 [ap] → front
  • 위 [wi] → top / above
  • 열리다 [yeol-li-da] → to be opened
  • 닫히다 [da-chi-da] → to be closed
  • 켜지다 [kyeo-ji-da] → to be turned on
  • 꺼지다 [kkeo-ji-da] → to be turned off
  • 앉다 [an-tta] → to sit
  • 서다 [seo-da] → to stand
  • 눕다 [nup-tta] → to lie down
  • 걸리다 [geol-li-da] → to be hung
  • 놓이다 [no-i-da] → to be placed
  • 붙다 [but-tta] → to stick / attach
Tip 💡 The answer is the result shape before 있어요.
🚀
Want more reps? Keep scrolling to the Practice Hub when you’re ready!
 
📦
🎯 Practice Hub — Maintaining a Result: -아/어 있다
 
Welcome to the Practice Hub for -아/어 있다 [-a/eo it-tta]. You’ll practice describing results that stay put: doors open, lights off, books placed, photos attached, and people sitting, standing, or lying down. Grammar freeze-frame mode: activated. 🧷📸
 
🔊 Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a sentence before checking the answer.
 
📝 Instructions: Fill each blank with the correct result-state form, tense shape, or contrast form. Read the full sentence aloud, check whether the sentence describes a maintained result or an action in progress, then open the Answer toggle.
 

Exercise 1 — Core Result States with 있어요 🧷

A. 창문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[chang-mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The window is open. 🪟
Answer
열려 [yeol-lyeo] — 열리다 → 열려 있어요.
B. 방 문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bang mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The room door is closed. 🚪
Answer
닫혀 [da-chyeo] — 닫히다 → 닫혀 있어요.
C. 방에 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bang-e bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is on in the room. 💡
Answer
켜져 [kyeo-jyeo] — 켜지다 → 켜져 있어요.
D. 교실에 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[gyo-si-re bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is off in the classroom. 🕯️
Answer
꺼져 [kkeo-jyeo] — 꺼지다 → 꺼져 있어요.
E. 학생이 교실에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[hak-ssaeng-i gyo-si-re ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The student is sitting in the classroom. 🪑
Answer
앉아 [an-ja] — 앉다 → 앉아 있어요.
F. 사람이 문 앞에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ra-mi mun a-pe ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
A person is standing in front of the door. 🧍
Answer
서 [seo] — 서다 → 서 있어요.
G. 아이가 침대에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[a-i-ga chim-dae-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The child is lying on the bed. 🛏️
Answer
누워 [nu-wo] — 눕다 → 누워 있어요.
H. 달력이 교실 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[dal-lyeo-gi gyo-sil byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The calendar is hanging on the classroom wall. 📅
Answer
걸려 [geol-lyeo] — 걸리다 → 걸려 있어요.
I. 책이 의자 위에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[chae-gi ui-ja wi-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The book is placed on the chair. 📚
Answer
놓여 [no-yeo] — 놓이다 → 놓여 있어요.
J. 사진이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ji-ni byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The photo is attached to the wall. 🖼️
Answer
붙어 [bu-teo] — 붙다 → 붙어 있어요.
🧷
Vocabulary Box
  • 창문 [chang-mun] → window
  • 방 [bang] → room
  • 문 [mun] → door
  • 불 [bul] → light
  • 교실 [gyo-sil] → classroom
  • 학생 [hak-ssaeng] → student
  • 사람 [sa-ram] → person
  • 아이 [a-i] → child
  • 침대 [chim-dae] → bed
  • 달력 [dal-lyeok] → calendar
  • 벽 [byeok] → wall
  • 책 [chaek] → book
  • 의자 [ui-ja] → chair
  • 사진 [sa-jin] → photo
  • 앞 [ap] → front
  • 위 [wi] → top / above
  • 열리다 [yeol-li-da] → to be opened
  • 닫히다 [da-chi-da] → to be closed
  • 켜지다 [kyeo-ji-da] → to be turned on
  • 꺼지다 [kkeo-ji-da] → to be turned off
  • 앉다 [an-tta] → to sit
  • 서다 [seo-da] → to stand
  • 눕다 [nup-tta] → to lie down
  • 걸리다 [geol-li-da] → to be hung
  • 놓이다 [no-i-da] → to be placed
  • 붙다 [but-tta] → to stick / attach
Tip 💡 -아/어 있어요 shows the result is still true.
 

Exercise 2 — Formation Shapes: 아, 어, and Irregulars 🧩

A. 문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The door is open. 🚪
Answer
열려 [yeol-lyeo] — 열리다 uses the 어 shape: 열려.
B. 창문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[chang-mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The window is closed. 🪟
Answer
닫혀 [da-chyeo] — 닫히다 → 닫혀.
C. 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is on. 💡
Answer
켜져 [kyeo-jyeo] — 켜지다 → 켜져.
D. 방 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bang bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The room light is off. 🕯️
Answer
꺼져 [kkeo-jyeo] — 꺼지다 → 꺼져.
E. 학생이 의자에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[hak-ssaeng-i ui-ja-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The student is sitting on a chair. 🪑
Answer
앉아 [an-ja] — 앉다 → 앉아.
F. 사람이 방에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ra-mi bang-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
A person is standing in the room. 🧍
Answer
서 [seo] — 서다 → 서; 서어 contracts to 서.
G. 아이가 침대에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[a-i-ga chim-dae-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The child is lying on the bed. 🛏️
Answer
누워 [nu-wo] — 눕다 is ㅂ-irregular: 누워.
H. 달력이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[dal-lyeo-gi byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The calendar is hanging on the wall. 📅
Answer
걸려 [geol-lyeo] — 걸리다 → 걸려.
I. 책이 책상 위에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[chae-gi chaek-ssang wi-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The book is placed on the desk. 📚
Answer
놓여 [no-yeo] — 놓이다 → 놓여.
J. 사진이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ji-ni byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The photo is attached to the wall. 🖼️
Answer
붙어 [bu-teo] — 붙다 → 붙어.
🧩
Vocabulary Box
  • 문 [mun] → door
  • 창문 [chang-mun] → window
  • 방 [bang] → room
  • 불 [bul] → light
  • 학생 [hak-ssaeng] → student
  • 사람 [sa-ram] → person
  • 아이 [a-i] → child
  • 의자 [ui-ja] → chair
  • 침대 [chim-dae] → bed
  • 달력 [dal-lyeok] → calendar
  • 벽 [byeok] → wall
  • 책 [chaek] → book
  • 책상 [chaek-ssang] → desk
  • 사진 [sa-jin] → photo
  • 위 [wi] → top / above
  • 열리다 [yeol-li-da] → to be opened
  • 닫히다 [da-chi-da] → to be closed
  • 켜지다 [kyeo-ji-da] → to be turned on
  • 꺼지다 [kkeo-ji-da] → to be turned off
  • 앉다 [an-tta] → to sit
  • 서다 [seo-da] → to stand
  • 눕다 [nup-tta] → to lie down
  • 걸리다 [geol-li-da] → to be hung
  • 놓이다 [no-i-da] → to be placed
  • 붙다 [but-tta] → to stick / attach
Tip 💡 Use the 아/어 result shape before 있다.
 

Exercise 3 — Present, Past, and Future States ⏳

A. 문이 열려 ＿＿＿＿.
[mu-ni yeol-lyeo ＿＿＿＿]
The door is open. 🚪
Answer
있어요 [i-sseo-yo] — present maintained state.
B. 문이 열려 ＿＿＿＿.
[mu-ni yeol-lyeo ＿＿＿＿]
The door was open. 🚪
Answer
있었어요 [i-sseo-sseo-yo] — past maintained state.
C. 불이 꺼져 ＿＿＿＿.
[bu-ri kkeo-jyeo ＿＿＿＿]
The light is off. 🕯️
Answer
있어요 [i-sseo-yo] — present state.
D. 불이 꺼져 ＿＿＿＿.
[bu-ri kkeo-jyeo ＿＿＿＿]
The light was off. 🕯️
Answer
있었어요 [i-sseo-sseo-yo] — past state.
E. 학생이 앉아 ＿＿＿＿.
[hak-ssaeng-i an-ja ＿＿＿＿]
The student is sitting. 🪑
Answer
있어요 [i-sseo-yo] — sitting state now.
F. 학생이 앉아 ＿＿＿＿.
[hak-ssaeng-i an-ja ＿＿＿＿]
The student was sitting. 🪑
Answer
있었어요 [i-sseo-sseo-yo] — sitting state in the past.
G. 책이 놓여 ＿＿＿＿.
[chae-gi no-yeo ＿＿＿＿]
The book will be placed there / will remain placed. 📚
Answer
있을 거예요 [i-sseul geo-ye-yo] — future maintained state.
H. 달력이 걸려 ＿＿＿＿.
[dal-lyeo-gi geol-lyeo ＿＿＿＿]
The calendar will be hanging. 📅
Answer
있을 거예요 [i-sseul geo-ye-yo] — future maintained state.
I. 아이가 누워 ＿＿＿＿.
[a-i-ga nu-wo ＿＿＿＿]
The child was lying down. 🛏️
Answer
있었어요 [i-sseo-sseo-yo] — past state.
J. 사진이 붙어 ＿＿＿＿.
[sa-ji-ni bu-teo ＿＿＿＿]
The photo is attached. 🖼️
Answer
있어요 [i-sseo-yo] — present maintained state.
⏳
Vocabulary Box
  • 있어요 [i-sseo-yo] → is/are in that state
  • 있었어요 [i-sseo-sseo-yo] → was/were in that state
  • 있을 거예요 [i-sseul geo-ye-yo] → will be/remain in that state
  • 문 [mun] → door
  • 불 [bul] → light
  • 학생 [hak-ssaeng] → student
  • 책 [chaek] → book
  • 달력 [dal-lyeok] → calendar
  • 아이 [a-i] → child
  • 사진 [sa-jin] → photo
  • 열려 [yeol-lyeo] → opened / open
  • 꺼져 [kkeo-jyeo] → turned off / off
  • 앉아 [an-ja] → sitting
  • 놓여 [no-yeo] → placed
  • 걸려 [geol-lyeo] → hanging
  • 누워 [nu-wo] → lying down
  • 붙어 [bu-teo] → attached
Tip 💡 Change 있다, not the result form, to shift time.
 

Exercise 4 — Result State or Action in Progress? 🏃

A. 문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The door is opening. 🚪
Answer
열리고 [yeol-li-go] — action in progress: -고 있다.
B. 문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The door is open. 🚪
Answer
열려 [yeol-lyeo] — maintained result: -아/어 있다.
C. 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is turning off. 🕯️
Answer
꺼지고 [kkeo-ji-go] — action/change in progress.
D. 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is off. 🕯️
Answer
꺼져 [kkeo-jyeo] — result state.
E. 학생이 의자에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[hak-ssaeng-i ui-ja-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The student is sitting on a chair. 🪑
Answer
앉아 [an-ja] — sitting position as a maintained state.
F. 사람이 문 앞에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ra-mi mun a-pe ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
A person is standing in front of the door. 🧍
Answer
서 [seo] — standing position as a maintained state.
G. 책이 책상 위에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[chae-gi chaek-ssang wi-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The book is placed on the desk. 📚
Answer
놓여 [no-yeo] — result state.
H. 사진이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[sa-ji-ni byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The photo is attached to the wall. 🖼️
Answer
붙어 [bu-teo] — result state.
I. 아이가 침대에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[a-i-ga chim-dae-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The child is lying on the bed. 🛏️
Answer
누워 [nu-wo] — position state; remember ㅂ-irregular.
J. 달력이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[dal-lyeo-gi byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The calendar is hanging on the wall. 📅
Answer
걸려 [geol-lyeo] — result state.
🏃
Vocabulary Box
  • -고 있다 [-go it-tta] → action in progress
  • -아/어 있다 [-a/eo it-tta] → result state
  • 문 [mun] → door
  • 불 [bul] → light
  • 학생 [hak-ssaeng] → student
  • 의자 [ui-ja] → chair
  • 사람 [sa-ram] → person
  • 앞 [ap] → front
  • 책 [chaek] → book
  • 책상 [chaek-ssang] → desk
  • 위 [wi] → top / above
  • 사진 [sa-jin] → photo
  • 벽 [byeok] → wall
  • 아이 [a-i] → child
  • 침대 [chim-dae] → bed
  • 달력 [dal-lyeok] → calendar
Tip 💡 Ask: “Is it happening now, or is the result already sitting there?”
 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. ❌ 문이 열고 있어요. → ✅ 문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The door is open. 🚪
Answer
열려 [yeol-lyeo] — use the result-state verb 열리다, not direct-action 열다.
B. ❌ 불이 꺼지고 있어요. → ✅ 불이 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[bu-ri ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The light is off. 🕯️
Answer
꺼져 [kkeo-jyeo] — 꺼지고 있어요 means it is turning off, not already off.
C. ❌ 아이가 눕어 있어요. → ✅ 아이가 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[a-i-ga ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The child is lying down. 🛏️
Answer
누워 [nu-wo] — 눕다 is ㅂ-irregular: 누워 있어요.
D. Which spacing is correct? 열려있어요 / 열려 있어요
[yeol-lyeo-i-sseo-yo / yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo]
Choose the correct spacing. 🚪
Answer
열려 있어요 [yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo] — write 있다 separately.
E. 창문이 ＿＿＿＿ 있었어요.
[chang-mu-ni ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-sseo-yo]
The window was closed. 🪟
Answer
닫혀 [da-chyeo] — past state: 닫혀 있었어요.
F. 달력이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있을 거예요.
[dal-lyeo-gi byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseul geo-ye-yo]
The calendar will be hanging on the wall. 📅
Answer
걸려 [geol-lyeo] — future state: 걸려 있을 거예요.
G. 책이 책상 위에 ＿＿＿＿ 있어요.
[chae-gi chaek-ssang wi-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-yo]
The book is placed on the desk. 📚
Answer
놓여 [no-yeo] — 놓이다 → 놓여 있어요.
H. 사진이 벽에 ＿＿＿＿ 있었어요.
[sa-ji-ni byeok-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-sseo-yo]
The photo was attached to the wall. 🖼️
Answer
붙어 [bu-teo] — past state: 붙어 있었어요.
I. 사람이 문 앞에 ＿＿＿＿ 있었어요.
[sa-ra-mi mun a-pe ＿＿＿＿ i-sseo-sseo-yo]
A person was standing in front of the door. 🧍
Answer
서 [seo] — past position state: 서 있었어요.
J. 학생이 의자에 ＿＿＿＿ 있을 거예요.
[hak-ssaeng-i ui-ja-e ＿＿＿＿ i-sseul geo-ye-yo]
The student will be sitting on a chair. 🪑
Answer
앉아 [an-ja] — future position state: 앉아 있을 거예요.
🛡️
Vocabulary Box
  • 문 [mun] → door
  • 불 [bul] → light
  • 아이 [a-i] → child
  • 창문 [chang-mun] → window
  • 달력 [dal-lyeok] → calendar
  • 벽 [byeok] → wall
  • 책 [chaek] → book
  • 책상 [chaek-ssang] → desk
  • 사진 [sa-jin] → photo
  • 사람 [sa-ram] → person
  • 앞 [ap] → front
  • 학생 [hak-ssaeng] → student
  • 의자 [ui-ja] → chair
  • 열리다 [yeol-li-da] → to be opened
  • 닫히다 [da-chi-da] → to be closed
  • 꺼지다 [kkeo-ji-da] → to be turned off
  • 눕다 [nup-tta] → to lie down
  • 걸리다 [geol-li-da] → to be hung
  • 놓이다 [no-i-da] → to be placed
  • 붙다 [but-tta] → to stick / attach
  • 서다 [seo-da] → to stand
  • 앉다 [an-tta] → to sit
Tip 💡 Final check: result form + separate 있다, and watch 눕다 → 누워.
 
🎉
Excellent work! You can now describe Korean freeze-frame states: doors open, lights off, books placed, calendars hanging, and people calmly holding their positions. Very cinematic grammar. 🧷🎬