๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ

Humanitarian Intervention

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… / ๊ตฌํ˜ธ / ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ / ์ฑ…์ž„
Lesson #
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Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… means โ€œhumanitarian interventionโ€: outside action aimed at protecting civilians from grave harm.
  • ๐Ÿšš ๊ตฌํ˜ธ is โ€œrelief/aid,โ€ and it pairs naturally with verbs like ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค (to provide), ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to deliver), and ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to expand).
  • ๐Ÿค ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ and ์ฑ…์ž„ help you discuss who acts, who coordinates, and who is accountable when a crisis crosses borders.
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” When you want to hear any Korean term or sentence from this lesson, open
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and type it in for audio. Policy vocabulary sounds much less scary once it has a voice. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Humanitarian-intervention vocabulary lives at the intersection of international relations, law, ethics, and crisis response. The topic is heavy, but the language is beautifully patterned: Korean often stacks Sino-Korean nouns into precise policy terms, then attaches action verbs like ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to demand), ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to urge), ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to strengthen), and ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜๋‹ค (to carry out). ๐Ÿงญ
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In this lesson, focus on four keyword families:
  • ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” humanitarian intervention
  • ๐Ÿšš ๊ตฌํ˜ธ โ€” relief / aid
  • ๐Ÿค ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ โ€” international coordination / cooperation
  • โš–๏ธ ์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” responsibility / accountability
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These words are often used in news analysis, policy reports, academic writing, and advanced debate. The trick is not just knowing the dictionary meaning โ€” it is knowing the collocations, or word partnerships, that sound natural.

๐ŸŽจ The Core Humanitarian-Response Family

1. ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” humanitarian intervention ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  means โ€œhumanitarianโ€ or โ€œbased on humanitarian principles.โ€ ๊ฐœ์ž… means โ€œinterventionโ€ or โ€œinvolvement.โ€ Together, ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… refers to intervention justified by the need to protect human life or dignity.
  • ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to justify humanitarian intervention
  • ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ โ€” debate surrounding humanitarian intervention
  • ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to intervene under the cause/justification of protecting human rights
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2. ๊ตฌํ˜ธ โ€” relief / aid ๐Ÿšš
๊ตฌํ˜ธ is emergency aid for people affected by war, disaster, famine, displacement, or other crises. It appears in compound terms like ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ (emergency relief), ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž (relief supplies), ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™ (relief work), and ์ธ๋„์  ์ง€์› (humanitarian assistance).
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to deliver relief supplies
  • ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to provide emergency relief
  • ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ์ธ๋„์  ์ง€์›์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to expand humanitarian assistance to displaced people
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3. ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ โ€” international coordination / cooperation ๐Ÿค
๊ตญ์ œ means โ€œinternational,โ€ and ๊ณต์กฐ means โ€œjoint action/cooperation.โ€ Compared with the broader ํ˜‘๋ ฅ (cooperation), ๊ณต์กฐ often implies coordinated action among governments, institutions, or agencies.
  • ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to strengthen international coordination
  • ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ณต์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to coordinate with the international community
  • ๋‹ค์ž์  ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to seek a multilateral response
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4. ์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” responsibility / accountability โš–๏ธ
์ฑ…์ž„ can mean moral, legal, political, or institutional responsibility. In humanitarian contexts, it often appears with ๋ณดํ˜ธ (protection), ๊ทœ๋ช… (investigation/clarification), ๋ถ€๋‹ด (burden), and ํšŒํ”ผ (avoidance).
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” responsibility to protect civilians
  • ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋‹ค โ€” to hold someone responsible
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” to clarify where responsibility lies

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • The government reviewed humanitarian intervention under the justification of protecting civilians.
      ๋ช…๋ถ„ = justification/cause; ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to review or consider.
  • ๐Ÿšš ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž๋ฅผ ์‹ ์†ํžˆ ์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • The international organization quickly delivered relief supplies to displaced people.
      ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ = international organization; ์‹ ์†ํžˆ = quickly; ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค = to deliver.
  • ๐Ÿค ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
    • International coordination was strengthened for medical assistance in the conflict area.
      ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ง€์—ญ = conflict area; ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์› = medical assistance; ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค = to be strengthened.
  • โš–๏ธ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • The investigation team tried to determine the scale of damage and where responsibility lay.
      ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ = investigation team; ํ”ผํ•ด ๊ทœ๋ชจ = scale of damage; ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค = to investigate/clarify.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Advanced policy Korean often builds meaning like this:
  • Sino-Korean noun + ์  โ†’ adjective-like meaning: ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜ (humanitarianism) โ†’ ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  (humanitarian)
  • Policy noun + ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ action verb: ๊ฐœ์ž… (intervention) โ†’ ๊ฐœ์ž…ํ•˜๋‹ค (to intervene)
  • Policy noun + ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ passive/intransitive change: ๊ฐ•ํ™” (strengthening) โ†’ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค (to be strengthened)
  • Noun + ์„/๋ฅผ + action verb โ†’ natural collocation: ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค (to provide relief), ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to strengthen coordination), ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋‹ค (to hold responsible)
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No special irregular conjugation is the star today; the challenge is choosing the noun-verb partnership that sounds policy-native. Tiny collocation goblin defeated. ๐ŸงŒ

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The spellings and core meanings of key Korean terms such as ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜, ๊ฐœ์ž…, ๊ตฌํ˜ธ, ๊ณต์กฐ, ์ฑ…์ž„, ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค, and ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค were checked against Korean dictionary usage available through ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / korean.go.kr. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ โ€” relief/aid, often emergency-focused ๐Ÿšš
  • ์ง€์› โ€” support/assistance, broader and more neutral ๐Ÿงฐ
  • ์›์กฐ โ€” aid/assistance, often formal and international-development flavored ๐ŸŒ
  • ํ˜‘๋ ฅ โ€” cooperation, broad and friendly ๐Ÿค
  • ๊ณต์กฐ โ€” coordinated joint action, often institutional/policy-heavy ๐Ÿงฉ
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” responsibility/accountability โš–๏ธ
  • ์ฑ…๋ฌด โ€” duty/obligation, more formal and institutional ๐Ÿ“œ

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค / ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋‹ค (use an action verb that fits relief work)
  • โŒ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค / ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ณต์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค (coordination is strengthened or carried out, not โ€œprovidedโ€)
  • โŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋‹ค / ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋‹ค (responsibility is borne or assigned)
  • โŒ Treating ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… as always positive โ†’ โœ… It is often controversial, so pair it with ๋…ผ์Ÿ, ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ, ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด, or ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ depending on the argument.
  • โŒ Using ๊ณต์กฐ and ํ˜‘๋ ฅ as perfect twins โ†’ โœ… ๊ณต์กฐ sounds more coordinated and institutional; ํ˜‘๋ ฅ is broader.

๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ You now have the vocabulary to discuss humanitarian crises with nuance: who intervenes, who receives aid, who coordinates, and who carries responsibility. Heavy topic, sharp Korean. โš–๏ธ
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Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the most natural policy term or collocation. Say the full Korean sentence aloud, check whether the verb fits the noun, then open the Answer toggle.
1. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ช…๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government reviewed humanitarian intervention under the justification of protecting civilians. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” This is the standard term for intervention justified by humanitarian protection.
2. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
The international organization delivered relief supplies to displaced people. ๐Ÿšš
Answer
์ „๋‹ฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž๋ฅผ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค is a natural collocation: deliver relief supplies.
3. ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์›์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
They strengthened international coordination for medical assistance in the conflict area. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to strengthen coordination.
4. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The investigation team tried to clarify where responsibility lay. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค means to determine/clarify who is responsible.
5. ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์ •๋ถ€์— ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ํ™•๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
The civic group urged the government to expand emergency relief. ๐Ÿ“ฃ
Answer
์ด‰๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to urge or call for action.
6. ์ด๋ฒˆ ์‚ฌ์•ˆ์€ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋…ผ๋ž€๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ถฉ๋Œํ•œ๋‹ค.
In this issue, controversy over sovereignty violation clashes with the need to protect civilians. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ โ€” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ is a core phrase in humanitarian-intervention debates.
7. ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์ž์  ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Countries sought a multilateral response to protect refugees. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ๋Œ€์‘์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค means to seek or explore a response.
8. ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.
The international community stated that the perpetrators should be held responsible. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋‹ค means to hold someone responsible.
9. ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์‹๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์ง€์›์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
The relief organization expanded support for food and medicine. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ์ง€์›์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to expand support/assistance.
10. ๊ทธ ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
The report questioned the legitimacy of humanitarian intervention. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ์•˜๋‹ค โ€” ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ๋‹ค means to question legitimacy.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ humanitarian intervention
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ โ†’ civilian
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž โ†’ relief supplies
  • ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to deliver
  • ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ international organization
  • ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ โ†’ displaced person
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์ง€์—ญ โ†’ conflict area
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ ์ง€์› โ†’ medical assistance
  • ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ โ†’ international coordination
  • ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to clarify/investigate
  • ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to urge
  • ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด โ†’ violation of sovereignty
  • ๋‹ค์ž์  ๋Œ€์‘ โ†’ multilateral response
  • ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to seek/explore
  • ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋‹ค โ†’ to hold responsible
  • ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to expand
  • ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ legitimacy
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ๋‹ค โ†’ to question/take issue with
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Policy Korean loves noun + verb collocations. Match the pair, not just the dictionary meaning.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below will make these policy collocations feel much less like a diplomatic obstacle course. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Humanitarian Intervention
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Welcome to the humanitarian-intervention Practice Hub. Youโ€™ll practice advanced vocabulary for relief, international coordination, legitimacy, responsibility, and crisis-response debates โ€” serious topic, precision toolkit included. ๐Ÿงฐ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a term or sentence aloud.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean term or collocation. Read the full sentence for meaning, check whether the noun and verb naturally belong together, then open the Answer toggle.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Intervention and Legitimacy ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ

A. ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ฐˆ๋ ธ๋‹ค.
Experts were divided over the legitimacy of humanitarian intervention. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ •๋‹น์„ฑ โ€” ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ means legitimacy; it pairs naturally with debates about intervention.
B. ๊ทธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ž…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The country presented civilian protection as the justification for intervention. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
๋ช…๋ถ„ โ€” ๋ช…๋ถ„ is a stated cause or justification.
C. ์ผ๋ถ€ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์ด ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณธ๋‹ค.
Some scholars believe military intervention can lead to a violation of sovereignty. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด is the standard phrase for violation/infringement of sovereignty.
D. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ž… ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹ ์ค‘ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The committee carefully reviewed whether to intervene. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค means to review or consider.
E. ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ท ํ˜• ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The report handled the debate surrounding intervention in a balanced way. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋…ผ์Ÿ โ€” ๊ฐœ์ž…์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋…ผ์Ÿ means debate surrounding intervention.
F. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ธ๊ถŒ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ œํ•œ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government argued for limited intervention on the grounds of human-rights protection. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ฐœ์ž… โ€” ์ œํ•œ์  ๊ฐœ์ž… means limited intervention.
G. ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์€ ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The decision failed to sufficiently explain its basis under international law. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ means grounds, basis, or evidence.
H. ์–ธ๋ก ์€ ์ž‘์ „์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชฉ์ ๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The media compared the humanitarian purpose of the operation with its actual results. ๐Ÿ“ฐ
Answer
์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  โ€” ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ชฉ์  means humanitarian purpose.
I. ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋‹จ์€ ๋ฌด๋ ฅ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The delegation tried to justify the need to use force. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์ •๋‹นํ™” โ€” ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to justify.
J. ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ค€๋‹ค.
That case clearly shows the tension between protection and sovereignty. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์„ ๋ช… โ€” ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋‹ค means to show clearly or vividly.
๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ humanitarian intervention
  • ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ legitimacy
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ civilian protection
  • ๋ช…๋ถ„ โ†’ justification/cause
  • ๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ military intervention
  • ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด โ†’ violation of sovereignty
  • ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to review/consider
  • ๋…ผ์Ÿ โ†’ debate
  • ์ œํ•œ์  ๊ฐœ์ž… โ†’ limited intervention
  • ๊ตญ์ œ๋ฒ•์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ basis under international law
  • ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๋ชฉ์  โ†’ humanitarian purpose
  • ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to justify
  • ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ ์ฃผ๋‹ค โ†’ to show clearly
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก When intervention appears, watch for the argument words: ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ, ๋ช…๋ถ„, ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ, and ๋…ผ์Ÿ.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Relief and Aid Logistics ๐Ÿšš

A. ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The relief organization provided food to the affected area. ๐Ÿš
Answer
์ œ๊ณต โ€” ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค means to provide food.
B. ํ•ญ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ํ์‡„๋˜์–ด ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Delivery of relief supplies was delayed because the port was closed. ๐Ÿšข
Answer
์ „๋‹ฌ โ€” ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž ์ „๋‹ฌ means delivery of relief supplies.
C. ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„์€ ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ํ™•์‚ฐ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋‚˜์„ฐ๋‹ค.
Medical staff began emergency relief to prevent the spread of an infectious disease. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๊ตฌํ˜ธ โ€” ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ means emergency relief.
D. ๊ตญ์ œ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ์— ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The international organization expanded medical-supply assistance to the displaced-person camp. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
์ง€์› โ€” ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์ง€์› means medical-supply support.
E. ํ˜„์žฅ ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ์ œํ•œ๋˜์–ด ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋‹ค.
Relief work faced major difficulties because access to the site was restricted. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
ํ™œ๋™ โ€” ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™ means relief work or relief activities.
F. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์žฌ๋‚œ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž„์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government prepared temporary shelters for disaster victims. ๐Ÿ•๏ธ
Answer
๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ โ€” ์ž„์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ means temporary shelter.
G. ๊ตฌํ˜ธํ’ˆ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต์„ ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Vulnerable groups should be considered first in the distribution of relief goods. ๐Ÿ‘ต
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider as a priority.
H. ํญ์šฐ๋กœ ๋„๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋Š๊ฒจ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Œ€์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋Šฆ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
The rescue teamโ€™s access was delayed because roads were cut off by heavy rain. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
์ ‘๊ทผ โ€” ์ ‘๊ทผ means access or approach.
I. ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊นจ๋—ํ•œ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ„์ƒ ์šฉํ’ˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Organizations distributed clean water and hygiene supplies. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ€” ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to distribute or allocate.
J. ์žฅ๊ธฐํ™”๋œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ณ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์‹œ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
Support for residentsโ€™ livelihoods became urgent because the crisis dragged on. ๐Ÿงบ
Answer
์ง€์› โ€” ์ƒ๊ณ„ ์ง€์› means livelihood support.
๐Ÿšš
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋‹จ์ฒด โ†’ relief organization
  • ํ”ผํ•ด ์ง€์—ญ โ†’ affected area
  • ์‹๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to provide food
  • ํ•ญ๊ตฌ โ†’ port
  • ํ์‡„๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be closed
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž ์ „๋‹ฌ โ†’ delivery of relief supplies
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ์ง„ โ†’ medical staff
  • ๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ํ™•์‚ฐ โ†’ spread of infectious disease
  • ๊ธด๊ธ‰ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ โ†’ emergency relief
  • ํ”ผ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ˆ˜์šฉ์†Œ โ†’ displaced-person camp
  • ์˜์•ฝํ’ˆ ์ง€์› โ†’ medical-supply assistance
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ํ™œ๋™ โ†’ relief work
  • ์ž„์‹œ ๋Œ€ํ”ผ์†Œ โ†’ temporary shelter
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธํ’ˆ ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ โ†’ distribution of relief goods
  • ์ทจ์•ฝ ๊ณ„์ธต โ†’ vulnerable group
  • ์šฐ์„ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to consider as a priority
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ โ†’ access
  • ์œ„์ƒ ์šฉํ’ˆ โ†’ hygiene supplies
  • ์ƒ๊ณ„ ์ง€์› โ†’ livelihood support
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก For relief language, use physical-action verbs: ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค, ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ฐฐ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” International Coordination ๐Ÿค

A. ๊ฐ๊ตญ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Countries responded jointly to the cross-border crisis. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋Œ€์‘ โ€” ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to respond jointly.
B. ์™ธ๊ต๋ถ€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ตญ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฐํ˜”๋‹ค.
The foreign ministry stated that it would strengthen international coordination with neighboring countries. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๊ณต์กฐ โ€” ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค is the target collocation.
C. ์œ ์—”์€ ๋‹ค์ž์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์™„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ถ”์ง„ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The UN pursued conflict mitigation through a multilateral response. ๐Ÿณ๏ธ
Answer
๋Œ€์‘ โ€” ๋‹ค์ž์  ๋Œ€์‘ means a multilateral response.
D. ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ž‘์—…์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Relevant agencies coordinated in rescue operations while sharing information. ๐Ÿš
Answer
๊ณต์กฐ โ€” ๊ณต์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate or act jointly.
E. ํšŒ์˜์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋…ผ์˜๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
At the meeting, a cooperation framework for refugee protection was discussed. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์ฒด๊ณ„ โ€” ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ„ means cooperation framework/system.
F. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ธด๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government promised to coordinate closely with the international community. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๊ณต์กฐ โ€” ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ณต์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate with the international community.
G. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•œ ๊ณต๋™ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์žฅ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
A joint investigation team involving several organizations began the field investigation. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ โ€” ๊ณต๋™ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ means joint investigation team.
H. ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ ๋ด‰์‡„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ธ๋„์  ํ†ต๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ๋‹ค.
Securing a humanitarian corridor became more difficult because of the border closure. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
ํ™•๋ณด โ€” ํ†ต๋กœ ํ™•๋ณด means securing a passage or corridor.
I. ๊ณต์—ฌ๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์› ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Donor countries decided to coordinate methods of financial support. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์กฐ์œจ โ€” ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate/adjust arrangements.
J. ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๋ณต๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Without international coordination, long-term recovery is hard to sustain. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
์ง€์†๋˜๊ธฐ โ€” ์ง€์†๋˜๋‹ค means to continue or be sustained.
๐Ÿค
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐ๊ตญ โ†’ each country
  • ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ๋„˜๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ โ†’ cross-border crisis
  • ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respond jointly
  • ์™ธ๊ต๋ถ€ โ†’ foreign ministry
  • ์ฃผ๋ณ€๊ตญ โ†’ neighboring country
  • ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ โ†’ international coordination
  • ์œ ์—” โ†’ United Nations
  • ๋‹ค์ž์  ๋Œ€์‘ โ†’ multilateral response
  • ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์™„ํ™” โ†’ conflict mitigation
  • ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๊ด€ โ†’ relevant agency
  • ๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ž‘์—… โ†’ rescue operation
  • ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ cooperation framework
  • ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ๊ณต์กฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to coordinate with the international community
  • ๊ณต๋™ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ โ†’ joint investigation team
  • ์ธ๋„์  ํ†ต๋กœ โ†’ humanitarian corridor
  • ํ™•๋ณด โ†’ securing
  • ๊ณต์—ฌ๊ตญ โ†’ donor country
  • ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์› โ†’ financial support
  • ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to coordinate/adjust
  • ์ง€์†๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be sustained
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๊ณต์กฐ often feels more organized and institutional than plain ํ˜‘๋ ฅ.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Responsibility and Accountability โš–๏ธ

A. ํ”ผํ•ด์ž ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์€ ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€์— ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
The victimsโ€™ families held the command responsible. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋‹ค โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋‹ค means to hold responsible.
B. ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ์€ ํ•™์‚ด์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ฐํžˆ๋ ค ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The investigation team tried to identify where responsibility for the massacre lay. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
์†Œ์žฌ โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ means where responsibility lies.
C. ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋Š” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ณผ์ œ๋กœ ์ œ์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The report presented the responsibility to protect civilians as a core task of the international community. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธ
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ฑ…์ž„ means responsibility to protect civilians.
D. ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹น๊ตญ์€ ์ฑ…์ž„ ํšŒํ”ผ๋ผ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.
The authorities faced criticism for avoiding responsibility. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๋น„ํŒ โ€” ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค means to receive criticism.
E. ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ ฅ์€ ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฒ•์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The perpetrators must bear legal responsibility for war crimes. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ ธ์•ผ โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋‹ค means to bear responsibility.
F. ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋‹จ์ฒด๋Š” ์ง„์ƒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The civic group demanded an independent investigation to establish the truth. ๐Ÿ“ฃ
Answer
๊ทœ๋ช… โ€” ์ง„์ƒ ๊ทœ๋ช… means truth-finding or establishing the facts.
G. ๊ทธ ํ˜‘์ •์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์˜๋ฌด์™€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์—ˆ๋‹ค.
The agreement dealt with the balance between the duty to protect and state responsibility. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
์ฑ…์ž„ โ€” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„ means state responsibility.
H. ์ง€๋„๋ถ€์˜ ๋ช…๋ น ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฑ…์ž„ ๊ทœ๋ช…์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์กŒ๋‹ค.
Establishing responsibility became difficult because the command structure was unclear. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์–ด๋ ค์›Œ โ€” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋‹ค means to become difficult.
I. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ํ”ผํ•ด ๋ณด์ƒ๊ณผ ์žฌ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ œ์•ˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The committee proposed both victim compensation and measures to prevent recurrence. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
๋Œ€์ฑ… โ€” ์žฌ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ฑ… means measures to prevent recurrence.
J. ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‘์€ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ์ œ๊ณต๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
A responsible response includes not only providing relief but also follow-up management. ๐Ÿงฐ
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ means follow-up management.
โš–๏ธ
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ”ผํ•ด์ž ๊ฐ€์กฑ โ†’ victimsโ€™ families
  • ์ง€ํœ˜๋ถ€ โ†’ command/leadership
  • ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋‹ค โ†’ to hold responsible
  • ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋‹จ โ†’ investigation team
  • ํ•™์‚ด โ†’ massacre
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ responsibility to protect civilians
  • ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ โ†’ international community
  • ๊ด€๊ณ„ ๋‹น๊ตญ โ†’ relevant authorities
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ํšŒํ”ผ โ†’ avoidance of responsibility
  • ๋น„ํŒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค โ†’ to face criticism
  • ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ ฅ โ†’ perpetrating force
  • ์ „์Ÿ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ โ†’ war crime
  • ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to bear responsibility
  • ์ง„์ƒ ๊ทœ๋ช… โ†’ truth-finding
  • ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ state responsibility
  • ๋ช…๋ น ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ command structure
  • ์žฌ๋ฐœ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ๋Œ€์ฑ… โ†’ recurrence-prevention measures
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ follow-up management
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์ฑ…์ž„ changes flavor by verb: ์ง€๋‹ค = bear it, ๋ฌป๋‹ค = hold someone to it, ๊ทœ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค = clarify it.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Fix it: โ€œprovide coordinationโ€ โ†’ โ€œstrengthen coordination.โ€ ๐Ÿค
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” ๊ณต์กฐ is naturally strengthened or carried out, not โ€œprovided.โ€
B. โŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Fix it: โ€œprovide responsibilityโ€ โ†’ โ€œbear responsibility.โ€ โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ง€๋‹ค โ€” Use ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋‹ค for bearing responsibility.
C. โŒ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Fix it: โ€œcooperate reliefโ€ โ†’ โ€œprovide relief.โ€ ๐Ÿšš
Answer
์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ€” ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค is natural; ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๋‹ค does not take ๊ตฌํ˜ธ that way.
D. โŒ ๊ณต์กฐ์™€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ โ†’ โœ… ๊ณต์กฐ๋Š” ๋” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Fix it: coordination is more institutional. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์ œ๋„์  โ€” ๊ณต์กฐ often implies organized institutional coordination more than broad ํ˜‘๋ ฅ.
E. ์ธ๋„์ฃผ์˜์  ๊ฐœ์ž…์€ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์™€ ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋™์‹œ์— ๋‚ณ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Humanitarian intervention can produce both civilian-protection arguments and sovereignty-violation controversy. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋…ผ๋ž€ โ€” ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋…ผ๋ž€ means controversy over sovereignty violation.
F. ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ ฅ์— ๋ฒ•์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณ  ์ด‰๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The international community urged that the perpetrators be held legally responsible. ๐Ÿ“ฃ
Answer
๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค means someone should be held responsible.
G. ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž ์ „๋‹ฌ์ด ์ง€์—ฐ๋˜์ž ํ˜„์žฅ ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
When delivery of relief supplies was delayed, field organizations demanded guaranteed access. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ means guarantee of access rights.
H. ๊ณต์—ฌ๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ์žฌ์ • ์ง€์›์˜ ์ค‘๋ณต์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
Donor countries coordinated plans to reduce duplication in financial support. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์กฐ์œจ โ€” ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๋‹ค means to coordinate plans.
I. ์ง„์ƒ ๊ทœ๋ช… ์—†์ด ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฑ…์ž„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Emphasizing only follow-up management without truth-finding can look like avoiding responsibility. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
ํšŒํ”ผ โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„ ํšŒํ”ผ means avoidance of responsibility.
J. ์ธ๋„์  ์ง€์›์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ์™€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Humanitarian assistance should consider both short-term relief and long-term recovery. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
๋ณต๊ตฌ โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ณต๊ตฌ means long-term recovery.
๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ณต์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to strengthen international coordination
  • ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to bear responsibility
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to provide relief
  • ์ œ๋„์  โ†’ institutional
  • ํ˜‘๋ ฅ โ†’ cooperation
  • ๋ฏผ๊ฐ„์ธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ civilian protection
  • ์ฃผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ๋…ผ๋ž€ โ†’ controversy over sovereignty violation
  • ๊ตญ์ œ์‚ฌํšŒ โ†’ international community
  • ๊ฐ€ํ•ด ์„ธ๋ ฅ โ†’ perpetrating force
  • ๋ฒ•์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ legal responsibility
  • ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to urge
  • ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๋ฌผ์ž ์ „๋‹ฌ โ†’ delivery of relief supplies
  • ํ˜„์žฅ ๋‹จ์ฒด โ†’ field organization
  • ์ ‘๊ทผ๊ถŒ ๋ณด์žฅ โ†’ guarantee of access rights
  • ๊ณต์—ฌ๊ตญ โ†’ donor country
  • ์ค‘๋ณต โ†’ duplication
  • ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์กฐ์œจํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to coordinate plans
  • ์ง„์ƒ ๊ทœ๋ช… โ†’ truth-finding
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ follow-up management
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ํšŒํ”ผ โ†’ avoidance of responsibility
  • ์ธ๋„์  ์ง€์› โ†’ humanitarian assistance
  • ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ๊ตฌํ˜ธ โ†’ short-term relief
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ ๋ณต๊ตฌ โ†’ long-term recovery
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol rule: never translate one English verb mechanically. Korean policy nouns each have favorite verb partners.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work. You can now discuss humanitarian intervention with sharper Korean: ์ •๋‹น์„ฑ for legitimacy, ๊ตฌํ˜ธ for relief, ๊ณต์กฐ for coordinated action, and ์ฑ…์ž„ for accountability. Heavy subject, strong toolkit. ๐Ÿ•Š๏ธโš–๏ธ