๐ŸŒง๏ธ

Even if / Although: -์•„/์–ด๋„

Keywords
-์•„/์–ด๋„
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Basic Grammar
๐ŸŽฏ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • -์•„/์–ด๋„ [-a/eo-do] means โ€œeven if,โ€ โ€œeven though,โ€ or โ€œalthough.โ€
  • It shows that the second result happens regardless of the first situation: ๋ฐ”๋น ๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š” = Even if Iโ€™m busy, Iโ€™ll go.
  • It is also used in daily permission phrases like ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ผ์š”? = May I go? / Is it okay if I go?
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear the rhythm. Try ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š” [bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo], ๋ฐ”๋น ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š” [ba-ppa-do gwaen-cha-na-yo], ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? [meo-geo-do dwae-yo], and ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” [a-mu-ri him-deu-reo-do po-gi-ha-ji ma-se-yo].
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

-์•„/์–ด๋„ is one of the most useful Korean connection endings. It says:
โ€œEven if A happens, B still happens.โ€
โ€œAlthough A is true, B is still true.โ€
Think of it as condition/concession + still.
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo]
      Even if it rains, Iโ€™ll go. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
  • ๋ฐ”๋น ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
    • [ba-ppa-do gwaen-cha-na-yo]
      Even if youโ€™re busy / although youโ€™re busy, itโ€™s okay. ๐Ÿ™‚
  • ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
    • [neu-jeo-do yeon-ra-kae ju-se-yo]
      Even if youโ€™re late, please contact me. ๐Ÿ“ฑ
It is very common in real daily speech because it helps you talk about plans, permissions, compromises, and โ€œno matter whatโ€ situations.

๐Ÿง  Core Meanings

1. Even if

Use -์•„/์–ด๋„ when something may happen, but the result stays the same.
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [bi-ga wa-do san-chae-kal geo-ye-yo]
      Even if it rains, Iโ€™ll take a walk. ๐Ÿšถ
  • ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์‹ธ๋„ ์‚ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [jo-geum bi-ssa-do sal geo-ye-yo]
      Even if itโ€™s a little expensive, Iโ€™ll buy it. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ

2. Although / even though

Use it when the first part is already true, but the second part is unexpected.
  • ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
    • [pi-gon-hae-do gong-bu-hae-ya hae-yo]
      Although Iโ€™m tired, I have to study. ๐Ÿ“š
  • ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด๋„ ์šด๋™ํ•ด์š”.
    • [si-ga-ni eop-seo-do un-dong-hae-yo]
      Even though I donโ€™t have time, I exercise. ๐Ÿƒ

3. Permission: -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋˜๋‹ค

Use -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? to ask โ€œIs it okay ifโ€ฆ?โ€ / โ€œMay Iโ€ฆ?โ€
  • ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ผ์š”?
    • [deu-reo-ga-do dwae-yo]
      May I go in? ๐Ÿšช
  • ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”?
    • [sa-ji-neul jji-geo-do dwae-yo]
      Is it okay if I take a picture? ๐Ÿ“ธ
  • ๋„ค, ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”.
    • [ne, meo-geo-do dwae-yo]
      Yes, you can eat it. ๐Ÿช

4. โ€œNo matter howโ€ฆโ€ with ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ

Use ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ... -์•„/์–ด๋„ for โ€œno matter howโ€ฆโ€
  • ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋น ๋„ ๋ฐฅ์€ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
    • [a-mu-ri ba-ppa-do ba-beun meo-geo-ya hae-yo]
      No matter how busy you are, you have to eat. ๐Ÿš
  • ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด๋„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
    • [a-mu-ri him-deu-reo-do po-gi-ha-ji ma-se-yo]
      No matter how hard it is, donโ€™t give up. ๐Ÿ’ช

๐ŸŽจ Formation Rules

Attach ๋„ to the normal ์•„/์–ด form.

1. ใ… / ใ…— vowel โ†’ ์•„๋„

  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค [ga-da] โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋„ [ga-do] = even if someone goes
  • ์˜ค๋‹ค [o-da] โ†’ ์™€๋„ [wa-do] = even if someone comes
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค [jo-ta] โ†’ ์ข‹์•„๋„ [jo-a-do] = even if it is good
  • ๋งŽ๋‹ค [man-ta] โ†’ ๋งŽ์•„๋„ [ma-na-do] = even if there are many

2. Other vowels โ†’ ์–ด๋„

  • ๋จน๋‹ค [meok-da] โ†’ ๋จน์–ด๋„ [meo-geo-do] = even if someone eats
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค [ik-da] โ†’ ์ฝ์–ด๋„ [il-geo-do] = even if someone reads
  • ๋Šฆ๋‹ค [neut-da] โ†’ ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ [neu-jeo-do] = even if someone is late
  • ์žˆ๋‹ค [it-da] โ†’ ์žˆ์–ด๋„ [i-sseo-do] = even if someone has / even if there is

3. ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•ด๋„

  • ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค [gong-bu-ha-da] โ†’ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด๋„ [gong-bu-hae-do]
  • ์šด๋™ํ•˜๋‹ค [un-dong-ha-da] โ†’ ์šด๋™ํ•ด๋„ [un-dong-hae-do]
  • ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค [pi-gon-ha-da] โ†’ ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„ [pi-gon-hae-do]
  • ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค [gwaen-chan-ta] โ†’ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„๋„ [gwaen-cha-na-do]

4. Common irregulars

  • ์ถฅ๋‹ค [chup-da] โ†’ ์ถ”์›Œ๋„ [chu-wo-do] = even if it is cold
  • ๋ฅ๋‹ค [deop-da] โ†’ ๋”์›Œ๋„ [deo-wo-do] = even if it is hot
  • ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค [eo-ryeop-da] โ†’ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋„ [eo-ryeo-wo-do] = even if it is difficult
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค [deut-da] โ†’ ๋“ค์–ด๋„ [deu-reo-do] = even if someone listens/hears
  • ๊ฑท๋‹ค [geot-da] โ†’ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋„ [geo-reo-do] = even if someone walks
โš ๏ธ
Spelling warning
  • โœ… ๊ฐ€๋„, not ๊ฐ€์•„๋„
  • โœ… ์™€๋„, not ์˜ค์•„๋„
  • โœ… ํ•ด๋„, not ํ•˜์—ฌ๋„ for normal daily speech
  • โœ… ์ถ”์›Œ๋„, not ์ถฅ์–ด๋„

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in Real Sentences

Plans and determination

  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo]
      Even if it rains, Iโ€™ll go. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
  • ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„ ์šด๋™ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [pi-gon-hae-do un-dong-hal geo-ye-yo]
      Even if Iโ€™m tired, Iโ€™ll exercise. ๐Ÿƒ

Advice and rules

  • ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
    • [neu-jeo-do yeon-ra-kae ju-se-yo]
      Even if youโ€™re late, please contact me. ๐Ÿ“ฑ
  • ๋ฐ”๋น ๋„ ๋ฐฅ์€ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
    • [ba-ppa-do ba-beun meo-geo-ya hae-yo]
      Even if youโ€™re busy, you have to eat. ๐Ÿš

Permission

  • ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•‰์•„๋„ ๋ผ์š”?
    • [yeo-gi an-ja-do dwae-yo]
      May I sit here? ๐Ÿช‘
  • ์ด๊ฑฐ ์จ๋„ ๋ผ์š”?
    • [i-geo sseo-do dwae-yo]
      Can I use this? โœ๏ธ
  • ์ง€๊ธˆ ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ผ์š”.
    • [ji-geum ga-do dwae-yo]
      You can go now. โœ…

Reassurance

  • ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
    • [sil-su-hae-do gwaen-cha-na-yo]
      Even if you make a mistake, itโ€™s okay. ๐Ÿ™‚
  • ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
    • [mol-la-do gwaen-cha-na-yo]
      Itโ€™s okay even if you donโ€™t know. ๐ŸŒฑ

๐Ÿ” -์•„/์–ด๋„ vs -์ง€๋งŒ vs -๋”๋ผ๋„

-์ง€๋งŒ = but / although

Use it for a simple contrast.
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [bi-ga o-ji-man gal geo-ye-yo]
      Itโ€™s raining, but Iโ€™ll go.

-์•„/์–ด๋„ = even if / even though

Use it when the first situation does not stop the second result.
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo]
      Even if it rains, Iโ€™ll go.

-๋”๋ผ๋„ = even if, stronger / more hypothetical

Use it for stronger, more extreme, or more determined situations.
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ค๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [bi-ga ma-ni o-deo-ra-do gal geo-ye-yo]
      Even if it rains a lot, Iโ€™ll go.
Daily learner tip: Use -์•„/์–ด๋„ first. It is common, natural, and flexible. Learn -๋”๋ผ๋„ later as a stronger version.

๐Ÿงฉ Common Patterns

1. -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? = Is it okay ifโ€ฆ?

  • ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ผ์š”? = May I go in?
  • ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? = Can I eat it?
  • ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? = Can I take a picture?

2. -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š” = Itโ€™s okay even ifโ€ฆ

  • ๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. = Itโ€™s okay even if youโ€™re late.
  • ํ‹€๋ ค๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. = Itโ€™s okay even if itโ€™s wrong / you get it wrong.
  • ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. = Itโ€™s okay even if you donโ€™t know.

3. ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ -์•„/์–ด๋„ = no matter howโ€ฆ

  • ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ”๋น ๋„ ์‰ฌ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. = No matter how busy you are, you should rest.
  • ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋„ ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”. = No matter how difficult it is, Iโ€™ll try.
  • ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ์š”. = No matter how much I eat, Iโ€™m hungry.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

This lesson was checked against korean.go.kr. Their guidance confirms that -์•„๋„/-์–ด๋„ is a connecting ending used for assumption or concession. Korean.go.kr also explains:
  • -๋”๋ผ๋„ has a stronger meaning than -์•„/์–ด๋„.
  • -์•„/์–ด๋„ is used in permission/acceptability patterns like -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋˜๋‹ค and -์•„/์–ด๋„ ์ข‹๋‹ค.
  • -์•„/์–ด๋„ is flexible with the tense of the following clause, while -๋”๋ผ๋„ can feel more restricted or hypothetical in some contexts.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋„ โ†’ โœ… ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„
  • โŒ ์ถฅ์–ด๋„ โ†’ โœ… ์ถ”์›Œ๋„
  • โŒ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋„ โ†’ โœ… ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด๋„
  • โŒ Using -์ง€๋งŒ for permission โ†’ โœ… Use -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”?: ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”?
  • โŒ Thinking -์•„/์–ด๋„ always means โ€œbutโ€ โ†’ โœ… It often means โ€œeven if / even though,โ€ with a stronger โ€œstillโ€ feeling.

Bottom line: -์•„/์–ด๋„ lets you say โ€œeven if this happens, that still happens.โ€ It is also the key to daily permission phrases like ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ผ์š”? and reassurance phrases like ํ‹€๋ ค๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ๐Ÿงญโœจ
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Try this exercise

Instructions Complete each sentence with the correct -์•„/์–ด๋„ form.
1. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”? ๐Ÿšช
Answer
๊ฐ€๋„ โ€” ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋„; โ€œMay I go now?โ€
2. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”? ๐Ÿช
Answer
๋จน์–ด๋„ โ€” ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน์–ด๋„.
3. ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๐ŸŒง๏ธ
Answer
์™€๋„ โ€” ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ์™€๋„.
4. ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„ โ€” ํ•˜๋‹ค adjective โ†’ ํ•ด๋„.
5. ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”. ๐Ÿงฅ
Answer
์ถ”์›Œ๋„ โ€” ใ…‚ irregular: ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ถ”์›Œ๋„.
6. ๋Šฆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. โฐ
Answer
๋Šฆ์–ด๋„ โ€” โ€œItโ€™s okay even if youโ€™re a little late.โ€
7. ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
ํ‹€๋ ค๋„ โ€” โ€œItโ€™s okay even if you get it wrong.โ€
8. ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด ๋ณผ๊ฒŒ์š”. ๐Ÿ’ช
Answer
์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋„ โ€” ใ…‚ irregular: ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋„.
9. ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. ๐ŸŽง
Answer
๋“ค์–ด๋„ โ€” ใ„ท irregular: ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋“ค์–ด๋„.
10. Choose the natural permission phrase.
โ‘  ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ์ง€๋งŒ ๋ผ์š”?
โ‘ก ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
โ‘ก ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? โ€” Use -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? for permission.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€๊ธˆ โ†’ now
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ to eat
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ to rain
  • ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be tired
  • ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ to be cold
  • ๋Šฆ๋‹ค โ†’ to be late
  • ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ to be wrong / get wrong
  • ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ to be difficult
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ to listen/hear
  • ์‚ฌ์ง„ ์ฐ๋‹ค โ†’ to take a picture
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก For permission, remember: ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”?, ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ผ์š”?, ์จ๋„ ๋ผ์š”?

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐Ÿš€
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Even if / Although: -์•„/์–ด๋„
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This Practice Hub trains the real daily-life use of -์•„/์–ด๋„: โ€œeven if,โ€ โ€œalthough,โ€ permission with ๋ผ์š”, reassurance with ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”, and โ€œno matter howโ€ with ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ. Each exercise has 10 questions, Aโ€“J. ๐Ÿงฉ
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Exercise 1 โ€” Form Builder โœ…

A. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
๊ฐ€๋„
B. ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Answer
์™€๋„
C. ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
Answer
๋ด๋„
D. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋งŽ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ์š”.
Answer
๋จน์–ด๋„
E. ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์š”.
Answer
์ฝ์–ด๋„
F. ๋Šฆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
Answer
๋Šฆ์–ด๋„
G. ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฐค์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”?
Answer
๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด๋„
H. ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์šด๋™ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Answer
ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„
I. ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฐ์ฑ…ํ•  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Answer
์ถ”์›Œ๋„
J. ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฒˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
Answer
๋“ค์–ด๋„
๐Ÿ“š
Form reminder
  • ใ…/ใ…— โ†’ ์•„๋„
  • Other vowels โ†’ ์–ด๋„
  • ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ํ•ด๋„
  • Watch irregulars: ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ถ”์›Œ๋„, ๋“ฃ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋“ค์–ด๋„
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Exercise 2 โ€” Even If / Although Sentences ๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ

A. ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•™๊ต์— ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Answer
๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„
B. ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฅ์€ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๋ฐ”๋น ๋„
C. ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„
D. ๋ˆ์ด ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
Answer
๋ˆ์ด ์—†์–ด๋„
E. ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์šด๋™ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์–ด๋„
F. ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Answer
์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์‹ธ๋„
G. ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
Answer
๋ฉ€์–ด๋„
H. ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
Answer
์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋„
I. ๋Šฆ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
Answer
๋Šฆ์–ด๋„
J. ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
Answer
์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋„
๐Ÿ’ก
Meaning check
-์•„/์–ด๋„ often means:
  • even if
  • even though
  • although
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The key feeling is: โ€œA happens, but B still happens.โ€
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Exercise 3 โ€” Permission: -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? โœ…

A. ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„
B. ์•‰๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์•‰์•„๋„
C. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
๋จน์–ด๋„
D. ๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฌผ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
๋งˆ์…”๋„
E. ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ๋‹ค โ†’ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋„
F. ์“ฐ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ด ํŽœ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์จ๋„
G. ์—ด๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์—ด์–ด๋„
H. ๋นŒ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฑ…์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
๋นŒ๋ ค๋„
I. ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์ง€๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์ „ํ™”ํ•ด๋„
J. ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ์ž ๊น ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„
๐Ÿ“Œ
Permission pattern
Verb + ์•„/์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”?
= May Iโ€ฆ? / Is it okay if Iโ€ฆ?
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Answers:
  • ๋„ค, ๋ผ์š”. = Yes, you can.
  • ์•„๋‹ˆ์š”, ์•ˆ ๋ผ์š”. = No, you canโ€™t.
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Exercise 4 โ€” ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ... -์•„/์–ด๋„ ๐Ÿ’ช

A. ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฅ์€ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๋ฐ”๋น ๋„
B. ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š”.
Answer
์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋„
C. ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Answer
๋ฉ€์–ด๋„
D. ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์”ป๊ณ  ์ž์„ธ์š”.
Answer
ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„
E. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํŒŒ์š”.
Answer
๋จน์–ด๋„
F. ๋ณด๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
Answer
๋ด๋„
G. ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•ˆ ์™€์š”.
Answer
๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค๋„
H. ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ™˜๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์ถ”์›Œ๋„
I. ์‹ซ๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
์‹ซ์–ด๋„
J. ๋Šฆ๋‹ค โ†’ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—ฐ๋ฝ์€ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๋Šฆ์–ด๋„
๐Ÿง 
No matter how...
์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ + adjective/verb + ์•„/์–ด๋„
= no matter how...
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์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
No matter how hard it is, itโ€™s okay.
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Exercise 5 โ€” Real-Life Mini Dialogues ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ

A. Friend: โ€œShould we cancel if it rains?โ€
You: ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
Answer
์™€๋„
B. Student: โ€œMay I sit here?โ€
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์•‰์•„๋„
C. Teacher: โ€œMistakes are okay.โ€
์‹ค์ˆ˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
Answer
์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋„
D. Friend: โ€œIโ€™m really tired.โ€
You: ํ”ผ๊ณค๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฅ์€ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
ํ”ผ๊ณคํ•ด๋„
E. At a museum: โ€œCan I take a photo?โ€
์‚ฌ์ง„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์ฐ์–ด๋„
F. Friend: โ€œThis is hard.โ€
You: ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ•ด ๋ด์š”.
Answer
์–ด๋ ค์›Œ๋„
G. Friend: โ€œI might be late.โ€
You: ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
Answer
๋Šฆ์–ด๋„
H. You want to borrow a pen.
์ด ํŽœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์š”?
Answer
์จ๋„
I. Friend: โ€œItโ€™s far.โ€
You: ๋ฉ€์–ด๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š” โ€” โ€œEven if itโ€™s far, I want to go see it.โ€
J. Parent: โ€œEven if you donโ€™t know, ask.โ€
๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์„ธ์š” โ€” โ€œEven if you donโ€™t know, ask.โ€
โœ…
Final practical rule
Use -์•„/์–ด๋„ when A does not block B:
  • rain โ†’ still go
  • tired โ†’ still study
  • mistake โ†’ still okay
  • ask permission โ†’ okay if you do it
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For daily permission, memorize ํ•ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”?.
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๐ŸŽ‰ Even-if grammar unlocked. With -์•„/์–ด๋„, you can say what still happens despite the situation: ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์™€๋„ ๊ฐˆ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”, ํ‹€๋ ค๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”, and ๋จน์–ด๋„ ๋ผ์š”? ๐Ÿงญโœจ