TL;DR ๐ฆ
- -์/์ด๋ [-a/eo-do] means โeven if,โ โeven though,โ or โalthough.โ
- It shows that the second result happens regardless of the first situation: ๋ฐ๋น ๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์ = Even if Iโm busy, Iโll go.
- It is also used in daily permission phrases like ๊ฐ๋ ๋ผ์? = May I go? / Is it okay if I go?
๐ง Iru Helper Note Use Korean Helper Widgets to hear the rhythm. Try ๋น๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์ [bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo], ๋ฐ๋น ๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์ [ba-ppa-do gwaen-cha-na-yo], ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ผ์? [meo-geo-do dwae-yo], and ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ๋ค์ด๋ ํฌ๊ธฐํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์ [a-mu-ri him-deu-reo-do po-gi-ha-ji ma-se-yo].
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๐ The Big Picture
-์/์ด๋ is one of the most useful Korean connection endings. It says:
โEven if A happens, B still happens.โ
โAlthough A is true, B is still true.โ
Think of it as condition/concession + still.
- ๋น๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
[bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo]
Even if it rains, Iโll go. ๐ง๏ธ
- ๋ฐ๋น ๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
[ba-ppa-do gwaen-cha-na-yo]
Even if youโre busy / although youโre busy, itโs okay. ๐
- ๋ฆ์ด๋ ์ฐ๋ฝํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
[neu-jeo-do yeon-ra-kae ju-se-yo]
Even if youโre late, please contact me. ๐ฑ
It is very common in real daily speech because it helps you talk about plans, permissions, compromises, and โno matter whatโ situations.
๐ง Core Meanings
1. Even if
Use -์/์ด๋ when something may happen, but the result stays the same.
- ๋น๊ฐ ์๋ ์ฐ์ฑ ํ ๊ฑฐ์์.
[bi-ga wa-do san-chae-kal geo-ye-yo]
Even if it rains, Iโll take a walk. ๐ถ
- ์กฐ๊ธ ๋น์ธ๋ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์์.
[jo-geum bi-ssa-do sal geo-ye-yo]
Even if itโs a little expensive, Iโll buy it. ๐๏ธ
2. Although / even though
Use it when the first part is already true, but the second part is unexpected.
- ํผ๊ณคํด๋ ๊ณต๋ถํด์ผ ํด์.
[pi-gon-hae-do gong-bu-hae-ya hae-yo]
Although Iโm tired, I have to study. ๐
- ์๊ฐ์ด ์์ด๋ ์ด๋ํด์.
[si-ga-ni eop-seo-do un-dong-hae-yo]
Even though I donโt have time, I exercise. ๐
3. Permission: -์/์ด๋ ๋๋ค
Use -์/์ด๋ ๋ผ์? to ask โIs it okay ifโฆ?โ / โMay Iโฆ?โ
- ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ ๋ผ์?
[deu-reo-ga-do dwae-yo]
May I go in? ๐ช
- ์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐ์ด๋ ๋ผ์?
[sa-ji-neul jji-geo-do dwae-yo]
Is it okay if I take a picture? ๐ธ
- ๋ค, ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ผ์.
[ne, meo-geo-do dwae-yo]
Yes, you can eat it. ๐ช
4. โNo matter howโฆโ with ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ
Use ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ... -์/์ด๋ for โno matter howโฆโ
- ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ๋น ๋ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์ด์ผ ํด์.
[a-mu-ri ba-ppa-do ba-beun meo-geo-ya hae-yo]
No matter how busy you are, you have to eat. ๐
- ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ๋ค์ด๋ ํฌ๊ธฐํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
[a-mu-ri him-deu-reo-do po-gi-ha-ji ma-se-yo]
No matter how hard it is, donโt give up. ๐ช
๐จ Formation Rules
Attach ๋ to the normal ์/์ด form.
1. ใ / ใ vowel โ ์๋
- ๊ฐ๋ค [ga-da] โ ๊ฐ๋ [ga-do] = even if someone goes
- ์ค๋ค [o-da] โ ์๋ [wa-do] = even if someone comes
- ์ข๋ค [jo-ta] โ ์ข์๋ [jo-a-do] = even if it is good
- ๋ง๋ค [man-ta] โ ๋ง์๋ [ma-na-do] = even if there are many
2. Other vowels โ ์ด๋
- ๋จน๋ค [meok-da] โ ๋จน์ด๋ [meo-geo-do] = even if someone eats
- ์ฝ๋ค [ik-da] โ ์ฝ์ด๋ [il-geo-do] = even if someone reads
- ๋ฆ๋ค [neut-da] โ ๋ฆ์ด๋ [neu-jeo-do] = even if someone is late
- ์๋ค [it-da] โ ์์ด๋ [i-sseo-do] = even if someone has / even if there is
3. ํ๋ค โ ํด๋
- ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค [gong-bu-ha-da] โ ๊ณต๋ถํด๋ [gong-bu-hae-do]
- ์ด๋ํ๋ค [un-dong-ha-da] โ ์ด๋ํด๋ [un-dong-hae-do]
- ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค [pi-gon-ha-da] โ ํผ๊ณคํด๋ [pi-gon-hae-do]
- ๊ด์ฐฎ๋ค [gwaen-chan-ta] โ ๊ด์ฐฎ์๋ [gwaen-cha-na-do]
4. Common irregulars
- ์ถฅ๋ค [chup-da] โ ์ถ์๋ [chu-wo-do] = even if it is cold
- ๋ฅ๋ค [deop-da] โ ๋์๋ [deo-wo-do] = even if it is hot
- ์ด๋ ต๋ค [eo-ryeop-da] โ ์ด๋ ค์๋ [eo-ryeo-wo-do] = even if it is difficult
- ๋ฃ๋ค [deut-da] โ ๋ค์ด๋ [deu-reo-do] = even if someone listens/hears
- ๊ฑท๋ค [geot-da] โ ๊ฑธ์ด๋ [geo-reo-do] = even if someone walks
Spelling warning
- โ ๊ฐ๋, not ๊ฐ์๋
- โ ์๋, not ์ค์๋
- โ ํด๋, not ํ์ฌ๋ for normal daily speech
- โ ์ถ์๋, not ์ถฅ์ด๋
๐ ๏ธ How It Works in Real Sentences
Plans and determination
- ๋น๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
[bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo]
Even if it rains, Iโll go. ๐ง๏ธ
- ํผ๊ณคํด๋ ์ด๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์์.
[pi-gon-hae-do un-dong-hal geo-ye-yo]
Even if Iโm tired, Iโll exercise. ๐
Advice and rules
- ๋ฆ์ด๋ ์ฐ๋ฝํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
[neu-jeo-do yeon-ra-kae ju-se-yo]
Even if youโre late, please contact me. ๐ฑ
- ๋ฐ๋น ๋ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์ด์ผ ํด์.
[ba-ppa-do ba-beun meo-geo-ya hae-yo]
Even if youโre busy, you have to eat. ๐
Permission
- ์ฌ๊ธฐ ์์๋ ๋ผ์?
[yeo-gi an-ja-do dwae-yo]
May I sit here? ๐ช
- ์ด๊ฑฐ ์จ๋ ๋ผ์?
[i-geo sseo-do dwae-yo]
Can I use this? โ๏ธ
- ์ง๊ธ ๊ฐ๋ ๋ผ์.
[ji-geum ga-do dwae-yo]
You can go now. โ
Reassurance
- ์ค์ํด๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
[sil-su-hae-do gwaen-cha-na-yo]
Even if you make a mistake, itโs okay. ๐
- ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
[mol-la-do gwaen-cha-na-yo]
Itโs okay even if you donโt know. ๐ฑ
๐ -์/์ด๋ vs -์ง๋ง vs -๋๋ผ๋
-์ง๋ง = but / although
Use it for a simple contrast.
- ๋น๊ฐ ์ค์ง๋ง ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
[bi-ga o-ji-man gal geo-ye-yo]
Itโs raining, but Iโll go.
-์/์ด๋ = even if / even though
Use it when the first situation does not stop the second result.
- ๋น๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
[bi-ga wa-do gal geo-ye-yo]
Even if it rains, Iโll go.
-๋๋ผ๋ = even if, stronger / more hypothetical
Use it for stronger, more extreme, or more determined situations.
- ๋น๊ฐ ๋ง์ด ์ค๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
[bi-ga ma-ni o-deo-ra-do gal geo-ye-yo]
Even if it rains a lot, Iโll go.
Daily learner tip: Use -์/์ด๋ first. It is common, natural, and flexible. Learn -๋๋ผ๋ later as a stronger version.
๐งฉ Common Patterns
1. -์/์ด๋ ๋ผ์? = Is it okay ifโฆ?
- ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ ๋ผ์? = May I go in?
- ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ผ์? = Can I eat it?
- ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ด๋ ๋ผ์? = Can I take a picture?
2. -์/์ด๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์ = Itโs okay even ifโฆ
- ๋ฆ์ด๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. = Itโs okay even if youโre late.
- ํ๋ ค๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. = Itโs okay even if itโs wrong / you get it wrong.
- ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. = Itโs okay even if you donโt know.
3. ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ -์/์ด๋ = no matter howโฆ
- ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ฐ๋น ๋ ์ฌ์ด์ผ ํด์. = No matter how busy you are, you should rest.
- ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ด๋ ค์๋ ํด ๋ณผ๊ฒ์. = No matter how difficult it is, Iโll try.
- ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ์. = No matter how much I eat, Iโm hungry.
๐ Cross-check note
This lesson was checked against korean.go.kr. Their guidance confirms that -์๋/-์ด๋ is a connecting ending used for assumption or concession. Korean.go.kr also explains:
- -๋๋ผ๋ has a stronger meaning than -์/์ด๋.
- -์/์ด๋ is used in permission/acceptability patterns like -์/์ด๋ ๋๋ค and -์/์ด๋ ์ข๋ค.
- -์/์ด๋ is flexible with the tense of the following clause, while -๋๋ผ๋ can feel more restricted or hypothetical in some contexts.
โ ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge
- โ ๋น๊ฐ ์ค๋ โ โ ๋น๊ฐ ์๋
- โ ์ถฅ์ด๋ โ โ ์ถ์๋
- โ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ โ โ ๊ณต๋ถํด๋
- โ Using -์ง๋ง for permission โ โ Use -์/์ด๋ ๋ผ์?: ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ผ์?
- โ Thinking -์/์ด๋ always means โbutโ โ โ It often means โeven if / even though,โ with a stronger โstillโ feeling.
Bottom line: -์/์ด๋ lets you say โeven if this happens, that still happens.โ It is also the key to daily permission phrases like ๊ฐ๋ ๋ผ์? and reassurance phrases like ํ๋ ค๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. ๐งญโจ
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Try this exercise
Instructions Complete each sentence with the correct -์/์ด๋ form.
1. ๊ฐ๋ค โ ์ง๊ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์? ๐ช
Answer
๊ฐ๋ โ ๊ฐ๋ค โ ๊ฐ๋; โMay I go now?โ
2. ๋จน๋ค โ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์? ๐ช
Answer
๋จน์ด๋ โ ๋จน๋ค โ ๋จน์ด๋.
3. ์ค๋ค โ ๋น๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์. ๐ง๏ธ
Answer
์๋ โ ์ค๋ค โ ์๋.
4. ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ณต๋ถํด์ผ ํด์. ๐
Answer
ํผ๊ณคํด๋ โ ํ๋ค adjective โ ํด๋.
5. ์ถฅ๋ค โ ๋ ์จ๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฐ์ฑ
ํ ๊ฑฐ์์. ๐งฅ
Answer
์ถ์๋ โ ใ
irregular: ์ถฅ๋ค โ ์ถ์๋.
6. ๋ฆ๋ค โ ์กฐ๊ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. โฐ
Answer
๋ฆ์ด๋ โ โItโs okay even if youโre a little late.โ
7. ํ๋ฆฌ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์. ๐ฑ
Answer
ํ๋ ค๋ โ โItโs okay even if you get it wrong.โ
8. ์ด๋ ต๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํด ๋ณผ๊ฒ์. ๐ช
Answer
์ด๋ ค์๋ โ ใ
irregular: ์ด๋ ต๋ค โ ์ด๋ ค์๋.
9. ๋ฃ๋ค โ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์. ๐ง
Answer
๋ค์ด๋ โ ใท irregular: ๋ฃ๋ค โ ๋ค์ด๋.
10. Choose the natural permission phrase.
โ ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ง๋ง ๋ผ์?
โก ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ด๋ ๋ผ์?
Answer
โก ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ์ด๋ ๋ผ์? โ Use -์/์ด๋ ๋ผ์? for permission.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ง๊ธ โ now
- ๋จน๋ค โ to eat
- ๋น๊ฐ ์ค๋ค โ to rain
- ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค โ to be tired
- ์ถฅ๋ค โ to be cold
- ๋ฆ๋ค โ to be late
- ํ๋ฆฌ๋ค โ to be wrong / get wrong
- ์ด๋ ต๋ค โ to be difficult
- ๋ฃ๋ค โ to listen/hear
- ์ฌ์ง ์ฐ๋ค โ to take a picture
Tip ๐ก For permission, remember: ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ผ์?, ๊ฐ๋ ๋ผ์?, ์จ๋ ๋ผ์?
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐
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๐ฏ Practice Hub โ Even if / Although: -์/์ด๋
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This Practice Hub trains the real daily-life use of -์/์ด๋: โeven if,โ โalthough,โ permission with ๋ผ์, reassurance with ๊ด์ฐฎ์์, and โno matter howโ with ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ. Each exercise has 10 questions, AโJ. ๐งฉ
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Exercise 1 โ Form Builder โ
A. ๊ฐ๋ค โ ์ง๊ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
๊ฐ๋
B. ์ค๋ค โ ๋น๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Answer
์๋
C. ๋ณด๋ค โ ๋ค์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์.
Answer
๋ด๋
D. ๋จน๋ค โ ๋ง์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ์.
Answer
๋จน์ด๋
E. ์ฝ๋ค โ ์ฒ์ฒํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ด๋ ค์์.
Answer
์ฝ์ด๋
F. ๋ฆ๋ค โ ์กฐ๊ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
Answer
๋ฆ์ด๋
G. ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ค โ ๋ฐค์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์?
Answer
๊ณต๋ถํด๋
H. ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ด๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Answer
ํผ๊ณคํด๋
I. ์ถฅ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฐ์ฑ
ํ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Answer
์ถ์๋
J. ๋ฃ๋ค โ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์.
Answer
๋ค์ด๋
Form reminder
- ใ /ใ โ ์๋
- Other vowels โ ์ด๋
- ํ๋ค โ ํด๋
- Watch irregulars: ์ถฅ๋ค โ ์ถ์๋, ๋ฃ๋ค โ ๋ค์ด๋
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Exercise 2 โ Even If / Although Sentences ๐ฆ๏ธ
A. ๋น๊ฐ ์ค๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Answer
๋น๊ฐ ์๋
B. ๋ฐ์๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์ด์ผ ํด์.
Answer
๋ฐ๋น ๋
C. ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์์ ๋ฅผ ํด์ผ ํด์.
Answer
ํผ๊ณคํด๋
D. ๋์ด ์๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฌํํ๊ณ ์ถ์ด์.
Answer
๋์ด ์์ด๋
E. ์๊ฐ์ด ์๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ด๋ํด์.
Answer
์๊ฐ์ด ์์ด๋
F. ์กฐ๊ธ ๋น์ธ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ด ๊ฑฐ์์.
Answer
์กฐ๊ธ ๋น์ธ๋
G. ๋ฉ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ถ์ด์.
Answer
๋ฉ์ด๋
H. ์ด๋ ต๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
Answer
์ด๋ ค์๋
I. ๋ฆ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฐ๋ฝํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Answer
๋ฆ์ด๋
J. ์ค์ํ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
Answer
์ค์ํด๋
Meaning check
-์/์ด๋ often means:
- even if
- even though
- although
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The key feeling is: โA happens, but B still happens.โ
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Exercise 3 โ Permission: -์/์ด๋ ๋ผ์? โ
A. ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค โ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋
B. ์๋ค โ ์ฌ๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์์๋
C. ๋จน๋ค โ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
๋จน์ด๋
D. ๋ง์๋ค โ ๋ฌผ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
๋ง์
๋
E. ์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐ๋ค โ ์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์ฌ์ง์ ์ฐ์ด๋
F. ์ฐ๋ค โ ์ด ํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์จ๋
G. ์ด๋ค โ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์ด์ด๋
H. ๋น๋ฆฌ๋ค โ ์ฑ
์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
๋น๋ ค๋
I. ์ ํํ๋ค โ ์ง๊ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์ ํํด๋
J. ๋๊ฐ๋ค โ ์ ๊น ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
๋๊ฐ๋
ย
Exercise 4 โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ... -์/์ด๋ ๐ช
A. ๋ฐ์๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์ด์ผ ํด์.
Answer
๋ฐ๋น ๋
B. ์ด๋ ต๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํฌ๊ธฐํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
Answer
์ด๋ ค์๋
C. ๋ฉ๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ ๋ณผ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Answer
๋ฉ์ด๋
D. ํผ๊ณคํ๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ป๊ณ ์์ธ์.
Answer
ํผ๊ณคํด๋
E. ๋จน๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ์.
Answer
๋จน์ด๋
F. ๋ณด๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ด์.
Answer
๋ด๋
G. ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ์์.
Answer
๊ธฐ๋ค๋ ค๋
H. ์ถฅ๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ๊ธฐํด์ผ ํด์.
Answer
์ถ์๋
I. ์ซ๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํด์ผ ํด์.
Answer
์ซ์ด๋
J. ๋ฆ๋ค โ ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฐ๋ฝ์ ํด์ผ ํด์.
Answer
๋ฆ์ด๋
No matter how...
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ + adjective/verb + ์/์ด๋
= no matter how...
ย
์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ํ๋ค์ด๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
No matter how hard it is, itโs okay.
ย
Exercise 5 โ Real-Life Mini Dialogues ๐ฃ๏ธ
A. Friend: โShould we cancel if it rains?โ
You: ๋น๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์.
Answer
์๋
B. Student: โMay I sit here?โ
์ฌ๊ธฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์์๋
C. Teacher: โMistakes are okay.โ
์ค์๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
Answer
์ค์ํด๋
D. Friend: โIโm really tired.โ
You: ํผ๊ณค๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์ด์ผ ํด์.
Answer
ํผ๊ณคํด๋
E. At a museum: โCan I take a photo?โ
์ฌ์ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์ฐ์ด๋
F. Friend: โThis is hard.โ
You: ์๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํด ๋ด์.
Answer
์ด๋ ค์๋
G. Friend: โI might be late.โ
You: ์กฐ๊ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์.
Answer
๋ฆ์ด๋
H. You want to borrow a pen.
์ด ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ผ์?
Answer
์จ๋
I. Friend: โItโs far.โ
You: ๋ฉ์ด๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๊ฐ ๋ณด๊ณ ์ถ์ด์ โ โEven if itโs far, I want to go see it.โ
J. Parent: โEven if you donโt know, ask.โ
๋ชฐ๋ผ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Answer
๋ฌผ์ด๋ณด์ธ์ โ โEven if you donโt know, ask.โ
Final practical rule
Use -์/์ด๋ when A does not block B:
- rain โ still go
- tired โ still study
- mistake โ still okay
- ask permission โ okay if you do it
ย
For daily permission, memorize ํด๋ ๋ผ์?.
ย
๐ Even-if grammar unlocked. With -์/์ด๋, you can say what still happens despite the situation: ๋น๊ฐ ์๋ ๊ฐ ๊ฑฐ์์, ํ๋ ค๋ ๊ด์ฐฎ์์, and ๋จน์ด๋ ๋ผ์? ๐งญโจ