๐Ÿงฌ

Ethical Standards in Biotechnology

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™ ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น / ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ / ์กด์—„์„ฑ / ์ฑ…์ž„
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿงฌ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงช Biotechnology ethics means research must protect human dignity, safety, consent, and accountability before chasing speed or profit.
  • ๐Ÿ“œ Learn high-value terms such as ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น (code of ethics), ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ (research guidelines), ์กด์—„์„ฑ (dignity), and ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ (where responsibility lies).
  • โš–๏ธ Advanced Korean arguments often sound strongest when they balance benefit and risk: โ€œit can contribute to society, but it must be regulated responsibly.โ€
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” When you want to hear any Korean word or sentence from this lesson, type it into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and listen before you repeat it aloud. Science vocabulary sounds less scary when your ears get a lab coat too. ๐Ÿฅผ

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Biotechnology can treat disease, improve public health, and open new scientific possibilities. But because it handles bodies, genes, embryos, patient data, clinical trials, and living systems, it also raises questions that are bigger than โ€œCan we do it?โ€ ๐Ÿงซ
In advanced Korean, ethical discussion usually relies on precise nouns and policy-style verbs. Instead of saying โ€œthis is bad,โ€ you can say ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค (it may violate human dignity) or ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค (the responsible party must be clarified). That is the grown-up vocabulary suit. ๐Ÿ‘”
The core idea: biotechnology should serve ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต (the public interest) while protecting ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ (individual rights), ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ (safety), and ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ (respect for life). โš–๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Biotechnology Ethics Family

๐Ÿ“œ Standards and rules

  • ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น โ†’ code of ethics; a set of ethical principles that guides a field or profession.
    • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™ ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (Researchers must follow the biotechnology code of ethics.)
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ โ†’ research guidelines; practical procedures and rules for conducting research.
    • ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (Clinical trials must be conducted according to strict research guidelines.)
  • ์‹ฌ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ review process; a formal check before a study is approved.
    • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์‹ฌ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. (High-risk experiments must go through a review process.)

๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Values that must be protected

  • ์กด์—„์„ฑ / ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ dignity / human dignity; the value that people must not be treated merely as research tools.
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ โ†’ respect for life; the principle that life itself deserves serious moral consideration.
  • ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ โ†’ informed prior consent; agreement given after receiving enough information before participating in research.
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ personal data protection; especially important for genetic information and medical records.

โš™๏ธ Responsibility and control

  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies; who is accountable if harm occurs.
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to verify safety; to check whether a technology or experiment is safe.
  • ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent misuse; to stop technology from being used carelessly or abusively.
  • ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to restrict commercial use; often used when profit may conflict with dignity or fairness.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  1. ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์Ÿ์ ์„ ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    1. (Biotechnology research can contribute to disease treatment, but it also involves ethical issues.) ๐Ÿฅ
      • ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto contribute,โ€ and ๋™๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto accompany / involve.โ€
  1. ์œ ์ „์ž ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์นจํ•ดํ•  ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
    1. (The commercial use of genetic information may violate individual rights.) ๐Ÿงฌ
      • ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค means โ€œthere is a concern thatโ€ฆ,โ€ a common formal warning phrase.
  1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    1. (Research institutions must ensure participantsโ€™ prior consent and clarify where responsibility lies.) ๐Ÿ“
      • ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž means โ€œparticipant,โ€ and ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto make clear.โ€

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Advanced policy-style vocabulary often forms in predictable chunks:
  • Value noun + protection verb
    • ์กด์—„์„ฑ์„ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค (to protect dignity)
    • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค (to guarantee rights)
  • Risk noun + control verb
    • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to minimize side effects)
    • ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to prevent misuse)
  • Institutional noun + compliance verb
    • ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค (to comply with a code of ethics)
    • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋‹ค (to follow research guidelines)
No special irregular conjugation is being taught here; the challenge is collocation. Memorize which nouns naturally pair with which verbs. Tiny vocabulary magnets, basically. ๐Ÿงฒ

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

Key terms and standard meanings in this lesson were checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources at korean.go.kr, with special attention to formal vocabulary such as ๊ฐ•๋ น, ์ง€์นจ, ์กด์—„์„ฑ, ์ฑ…์ž„, ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค, and ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น (code of ethics; formal/professional) vs. ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€ (ethical standard; broader and easier)
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ (research guidelines; procedural) vs. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ทœ์ • (research regulations; more rule-like)
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ (where responsibility lies; legal/institutional) vs. ์ฑ…์ž„ (responsibility; general)
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค (to violate/infringe; formal) vs. ํ•ด์น˜๋‹ค (to harm; everyday/broader)
  • ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค (to comply with; formal) vs. ์ง€ํ‚ค๋‹ค (to keep/follow; everyday)

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  = โ€œpoliteโ€ โ†’ โœ… ์œค๋ฆฌ์  means ethical, involving right/wrong, rights, duties, fairness, or harm. โš–๏ธ
  • โŒ ๊ฐ•๋ น and ์ง€์นจ are identical โ†’ โœ… ๊ฐ•๋ น is principle-based; ์ง€์นจ is more practical/procedural. ๐Ÿ“œ
  • โŒ ์กด์—„์„ฑ = personal pride โ†’ โœ… In this context, it means the inherent dignity of human beings. ๐Ÿง
  • โŒ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ only means โ€œfeeling responsibleโ€ โ†’ โœ… It asks who is accountable when a problem occurs. ๐Ÿงพ
  • โŒ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค is always negative โ†’ โœ… It can mean necessary public-interest control, especially when safety is at stake. ๐Ÿšฆ
Ethical biotechnology vocabulary lets you sound thoughtful, not just opinionated. You are not yelling โ€œscience bad!โ€ โ€” you are calmly placing a tiny legal helmet on the microscope. ๐Ÿ”ฌ๐Ÿช–

Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the most natural biotechnology ethics term. Say the full Korean sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the meaning and the collocation.
1. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Researchers must comply with the code of ethics. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๊ฐ•๋ น โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น means โ€œcode of ethics,โ€ and ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค naturally pairs with rules or standards.
2. ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Clinical trials must proceed according to research guidelines. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์ง€์นจ โ€” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ means โ€œresearch guidelines,โ€ especially practical procedures.
3. ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์นจํ•ดํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Biotechnology must not violate human dignity. ๐Ÿง
Answer
์กด์—„์„ฑ โ€” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ means human dignity.
4. ์‹คํ—˜ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋™์˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Prior informed consent from experiment participants is necessary. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
์‚ฌ์ „ โ€” ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ means prior/informed consent before participation.
5. ์œ ์ „์ž ์ •๋ณด์˜ ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The commercial use of genetic information must be strictly restricted. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
์ œํ•œ โ€” ์ œํ•œ๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be restricted.โ€
6. ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ฑ…์ž„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
If a problem occurs, where responsibility lies must be clarified. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
์†Œ์žฌ โ€” ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ means who is accountable.
7. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The committee reviewed the ethical validity of the study. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค means to review or examine carefully.
8. ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The misuse of dangerous technology must be prevented. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to prevent.
9. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The research institution must guarantee participantsโ€™ safety. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to guarantee or ensure.
10. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
The balance between technological progress and respect for life is important. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ means respect for life.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น โ†’ code of ethics
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ โ†’ research guidelines
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ โ†’ prior/informed consent
  • ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ โ†’ commercial use
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to review
  • ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to prevent
  • ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to guarantee
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ โ†’ respect for life
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค usually pairs with standards, rules, or codes.
  • ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค is formal and often pairs with rights, dignity, or privacy.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below gives you five rounds of ethical-lab-coat vocabulary training. ๐Ÿฅผ
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Ethical Standards in Biotechnology
ย 
Welcome to your biotechnology ethics drill lab. ๐Ÿงฌ Here youโ€™ll practice the vocabulary that lets you discuss research rules, human dignity, consent, responsibility, and public safety with a precise advanced tone. By the end, you should be able to build balanced argument sentences instead of waving vaguely at โ€œscience problemsโ€ from across the room. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence before repeating it.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each Korean sentence with the best word or phrase, read the full sentence aloud, and then open the Answer toggle. Focus on natural collocations: which noun goes with which verb, and which phrase sounds policy-level rather than casual.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Codes, Guidelines, and Review ๐Ÿ“œ

A. ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์œค๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Biotechnology researchers must follow a code of ethics. ๐Ÿ“œ
Answer
๊ฐ•๋ น โ€” ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น is a formal code of ethics.
B. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋จผ์ € ํ™•์ธํ•œ ๋’ค ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค.
A new experiment begins after the research guidelines are checked first. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
์ง€์นจ โ€” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ is the procedural guide.
C. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‹ฌ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
High-risk research must go through a review process. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” ์‹ฌ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ means a review process.
D. ์œ„์›ํšŒ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ณ„ํš์˜ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The committee reviewed the ethical validity of the research plan. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
ํƒ€๋‹น โ€” ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ means validity or appropriateness.
E. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The research institution must strictly comply with safety standards. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์ค€์ˆ˜ โ€” ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค means to comply with rules or standards.
F. ์‹คํ—˜ ๊ธฐ๋ก์€ ๊ด€๋ จ ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Experiment records must be managed according to relevant regulations. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋˜๋‹ค means to be managed.
G. ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If ethical standards are unclear, confusion may arise in the research field. ๐ŸŒซ๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐœ์ƒ โ€” ๋ฐœ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค / ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค means to occur.
H. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The institution clearly defined the researcherโ€™s responsibility. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๊ทœ์ • โ€” ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค means to define or stipulate by rule.
I. ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
A code of ethics becomes a standard that guides researchersโ€™ judgment. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์•ˆ๋‚ด โ€” ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to guide.
J. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ์„ ์–ด๊ธฐ๋ฉด ์Šน์ธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If research guidelines are violated, approval itself may be canceled. ๐Ÿšซ
Answer
์ทจ์†Œ โ€” ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be canceled.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น โ†’ code of ethics
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ โ†’ research guidelines
  • ์‹ฌ์˜ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ review process
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ โ†’ ethical validity
  • ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ safety standards
  • ๊ทœ์ • โ†’ regulation; rule
  • ์ค€์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to comply with
  • ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to manage
  • ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to occur
  • ์ทจ์†Œ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be canceled
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก This round trains formal rule language: ๊ฐ•๋ น, ์ง€์นจ, ์ ˆ์ฐจ, and ๊ทœ์ •.

Exercise 2 โ€” Dignity, Consent, and Rights ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ›ผ์†ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Biotechnology must not damage human dignity. ๐Ÿง
Answer
์กด์—„์„ฑ โ€” ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ means human dignity.
B. ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์„ค๋ช…์„ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์ „ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Participants must give prior consent after receiving sufficient explanation. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
๋™์˜ โ€” ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ is informed prior consent.
C. ์œ ์ „์ž ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ๋‹ค.
Genetic information is deeply connected to personal privacy. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ โ€” ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ means private life/privacy.
D. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ž๋Š” ์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Researchers must not treat subjects merely as means. ๐Ÿง
Answer
์ทจ๊ธ‰ โ€” ์ทจ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค means to treat or handle.
E. ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ •๋‹นํ™”๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Research that violates individual rights is hard to justify. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to violate/infringe.
F. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The institution must guarantee participantsโ€™ safety and rights. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to guarantee.
G. ์ƒ๋ช… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์˜ ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋‹ค.
Respect for life is a core value in biotechnology debates. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์กด์ค‘ โ€” ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ means respect for life.
H. ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‹น์‚ฌ์ž์˜ ๋™์˜ ์—†์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Medical data must not be used without the personโ€™s consent. ๐Ÿ’พ
Answer
ํ™œ์šฉ โ€” ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค means to be used or utilized.
I. ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž๋Š” ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค.
Vulnerable participants need special protection. โ˜‚๏ธ
Answer
ํ•„์š” โ€” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to be necessary.
J. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์ข‹์•„๋„ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Even if the research purpose is good, basic rights must not be ignored. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
๊ฐ„๊ณผ โ€” ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค means to overlook.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ โ†’ human dignity
  • ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ โ†’ prior/informed consent
  • ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ โ†’ private life/privacy
  • ์‹คํ—˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ž โ†’ experiment subject
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ โ†’ individual rights
  • ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ โ†’ respect for life
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ โ†’ medical data
  • ์ทจ์•ฝํ•œ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž โ†’ vulnerable participant
  • ๊ธฐ๋ณธ๊ถŒ โ†’ basic rights
  • ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to overlook
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค and ํ›ผ์†ํ•˜๋‹ค are strong formal verbs for ethical harm.

Exercise 3 โ€” Risk, Misuse, and Regulation ๐Ÿšง

A. ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The misuse of gene-editing technology must be prevented. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง€ โ€” ๋‚จ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to prevent misuse.
B. ์˜ˆ์ƒ๋˜๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A process for minimizing expected side effects is necessary. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์ตœ์†Œํ™” โ€” ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to minimize.
C. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
High-risk experiments must be strictly regulated. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
๊ทœ์ œ โ€” ๊ทœ์ œ๋˜๋‹ค means to be regulated.
D. ์ƒˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•œ ๋’ค ๋„์ž…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A new technology should be introduced after its safety is sufficiently verified. โœ…
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค means to verify safety.
E. ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์ต์ด ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Commercial interests can undermine public value. ๐Ÿ’ฐ
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์•ฝํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to weaken.
F. ์œ ์ „์ž ์ •๋ณด์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋…ผ๋ž€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The trade of genetic information can cause social controversy. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
์ดˆ๋ž˜ โ€” ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•˜๋‹ค means to bring about, usually something negative.
G. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์˜ค์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The possibility of misuse must be reviewed in advance. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค means to review.
H. ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To reduce social harm, the management system must be strengthened. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to strengthen.
I. ๋ฌด๋ถ„๋ณ„ํ•œ ์‹คํ—˜์€ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค.
Reckless experiments damage public trust. ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
์†์ƒ โ€” ์†์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to damage.
J. ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๋‹ค.
Regulation is a mechanism that manages risk rather than stopping technological progress. โš™๏ธ
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to manage risk.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  โ†’ gene-editing technology
  • ๋‚จ์šฉ โ†’ misuse
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ side effect
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ โ†’ risk level
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ†’ safety
  • ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์ต โ†’ commercial interest
  • ๊ณต๊ณต์„ฑ โ†’ public value
  • ์˜ค์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ possibility of misuse
  • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ management system
  • ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ โ†’ public trust
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Risk vocabulary often pairs with control verbs: ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค.

Exercise 4 โ€” Balanced Argument Frames โš–๏ธ

A. ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋…ผ๋ž€๋„ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Biotechnology can contribute to disease treatment, but it can also cause ethical controversy. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ โ€” This frame balances benefit and concern.
B. ์œ ์ „์ž ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๊ฐœ์ธ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์—„๊ฒฉํžˆ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Genetic research may be allowed, but personal data protection must be strictly managed. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๋˜ โ€” ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ means โ€œallow it, but under a condition.โ€
C. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Participant safety must take priority over research results. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์šฐ์„  โ€” ์šฐ์„ ๋˜๋‹ค means to be prioritized.
D. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Even while recognizing the need for technological development, ethical limits must not be overlooked. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
๊ฐ„๊ณผ โ€” ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค means to overlook.
E. ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Even for the public interest, individual rights must not be violated. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค is a natural formal collocation.
F. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์ค‘ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We must maintain a balance between technological progress and respect for life. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to maintain balance.
G. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค.
Social consensus is necessary to reduce risk. ๐Ÿค
Answer
ํ•„์š” โ€” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to be necessary.
H. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์ œํ•œ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค.
Freedom of research is important, but it cannot be guaranteed without limits. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๋ณด์žฅ๋˜๋‹ค means to be guaranteed.
I. ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Biotechnology policy must consider scientific possibility and ethical responsibility together. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider.
J. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ™•์ธ๋œ ๋’ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Even if a new treatment is effective, it should be applied after its safety is confirmed. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
์ ์šฉ โ€” ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค means to be applied.
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ โ†’ can contribute, but
  • ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋˜ โ†’ allow, but under conditions
  • ์šฐ์„ ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be prioritized
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ ethical limit
  • ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต โ†’ public interest
  • ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to maintain balance
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ํ•ฉ์˜ โ†’ social consensus
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์œ  โ†’ freedom of research
  • ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ ethical responsibility
  • ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be applied
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Advanced arguments often use contrast frames: -์ง€๋งŒ, -๋˜, -๋”๋ผ๋„, and -๋ฉด์„œ๋„.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์œค๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
An ethical issue is not merely a matter of manners, but a matter of rights and responsibility. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์ด๋‹ค โ€” โŒ Do not read ์œค๋ฆฌ์  as โ€œpolite.โ€ โœ… It means ethical/moral in a rights-and-responsibility sense.
B. ๊ฐ•๋ น์€ ์›์น™์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ , ์ง€์นจ์€ ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
A code is closer to principles, and guidelines are closer to concrete procedures. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” โŒ ๊ฐ•๋ น and ์ง€์นจ are not identical. โœ… ์ง€์นจ is more procedural.
C. ์กด์—„์„ฑ์€ ์ž์กด์‹ฌ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋Œ€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
Dignity is not pride; it is the value that humans must not be treated merely as means. ๐Ÿง
Answer
๊ฐ€์น˜ โ€” โŒ ์กด์—„์„ฑ is not simple pride. โœ… It is inherent human worth.
D. ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š”์ง€์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
Where responsibility lies is the issue of who is accountable when a problem occurs. ๐Ÿงพ
Answer
๋ฌธ์ œ โ€” โŒ It is not just a personal feeling. โœ… It identifies accountability.
E. ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Regulation does not always stop technology; it can be a device for managing risk. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
์žฅ์น˜ โ€” โŒ ๊ทœ์ œํ•˜๋‹ค is not always negative. โœ… It can protect safety and public value.
F. ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜ ์—†๋Š” ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜์€ ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A clinical trial without prior consent can violate participantsโ€™ rights. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
์นจํ•ด โ€” This reviews the rights-protection collocation.
G. ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Commercial use may be restricted while public research can be reasonably allowed. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
ํ—ˆ์šฉ โ€” ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋˜ + ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค creates a balanced policy sentence.
H. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•ด์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To reduce side effects from research results, safety must be repeatedly verified. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค is a key formal phrase.
I. ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ณตํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์€ ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The development of biotechnology can contribute to the public interest. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๊ธฐ์—ฌ โ€” ๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ด์ต์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to contribute to the public interest.
J. ์œค๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ•๋ น, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ์ง€์นจ, ์‚ฌ์ „ ๋™์˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Codes of ethics, research guidelines, and prior consent are all standards for responsible research. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
๊ธฐ์ค€ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€ is the broad word for standards.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์˜ˆ์ ˆ ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ matter of manners
  • ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ rights and responsibility
  • ์›์น™ โ†’ principle
  • ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ concrete procedure
  • ๊ฐ€์น˜ โ†’ value
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ โ†’ where responsibility lies
  • ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ mechanism/device
  • ์ž„์ƒ ์‹œํ—˜ โ†’ clinical trial
  • ์ƒ์—…์  ์ด์šฉ โ†’ commercial use
  • ์ฑ…์ž„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ responsible research
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final check: avoid vague translations. Match ๊ฐ•๋ น, ์ง€์นจ, ์กด์—„์„ฑ, ์ฑ…์ž„ ์†Œ์žฌ, and ๊ทœ์ œ to their specific roles.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” you can now discuss biotechnology ethics with vocabulary that sounds precise, balanced, and policy-ready. Your Korean microscope officially has moral supervision. ๐Ÿ”ฌโš–๏ธ