TL;DR ๐ฆ
- ๐ฌ ๊ณผํ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ means the ethical limits of science: science can do many things, but not every possible experiment or technology should be allowed.
- ๐งฌ ์๋ช ์กด์ค means respect for life: research must treat life, human dignity, participants, animals, and ecosystems as more than tools for results.
- ๐งญ ์ฑ ์ ์์ means a sense of responsibility: scientists, institutions, companies, and governments must consider consequences, risks, and social trust.
๐ง Iru Helper Note โ Use Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a Korean term aloud. Try ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ (scientific ethics), ์๋ช
์กด์ค (respect for life), or ์ฑ
์ ์์ (sense of responsibility). ๐ฌ
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๐ The Big Picture
Science expands what humans can know and do. That power is exciting, but it also creates difficult questions: Should every possible experiment be performed? Who bears responsibility if a technology harms people, animals, ecosystems, or future generations? โ๏ธ
Korean discusses these questions with terms such as ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ (scientific ethics), ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ (ethical limits), ์๋ช
์กด์ค (respect for life), and ์ฑ
์ ์์ (sense of responsibility). These terms appear often in biotechnology, AI, medical research, environmental science, and technology policy. ๐งช
The key nuance: ํ๊ณ (limit) is not always anti-science. In ethical discussion, limits can protect human dignity, research participants, animals, public safety, and social trust. A boundary is sometimes the guardrail that keeps the lab from becoming a disaster movie. ๐ง
๐จ The Core Ethical Limits of Science Family
- ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ (scientific ethics) = moral standards that guide scientific research, technology development, and use of results.
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ (ethical limits) = boundaries set by moral concerns, human dignity, safety, or social responsibility.
- ์๋ช ์กด์ค (respect for life) = valuing life and dignity rather than treating living beings merely as experimental tools.
- ์ฑ ์ ์์ (sense of responsibility) = awareness that one must answer for consequences and act carefully.
- ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ (research ethics) = rules and values governing how research is designed, conducted, reported, and reviewed.
- ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ (human dignity) = the inherent worth of human beings.
- ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ (safety verification) = checking whether a technology, treatment, or method is safe.
- ์ํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ (risk management) = identifying, reducing, and responding to possible harms.
- ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ ์ (social responsibility) = responsibility toward society, not only toward oneโs own research goal or company.
- ๊ท์ (regulation) = legal or institutional rules that control risky practices.
- ๋์ ์ ์ฐจ (consent procedure) = the process of obtaining informed agreement from participants.
- ์ค๋จ์ฉ (misuse and abuse) = harmful or improper use of knowledge, technology, power, or data.
๐ ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence
- ๊ณผํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ช ์กด์ค๊ณผ ์ฑ ์ ์์์ ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ฃจ์ด์ ธ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. (The development of science and technology should be based on respect for life and a sense of responsibility.) ๐งฌ
Notes: ๊ณผํ ๊ธฐ์ = science and technology, ๋ฐ์ = development, ๋ฐํ์ผ๋ก = based on.
- ์ ์ ์ ํธ์ง ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ๊ณผ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ๊ฒํ ๊ฐ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค. (Gene-editing technology requires safety verification and ethical review.) ๐งช
Notes: ์ ์ ์ ํธ์ง = gene editing, ๊ฒํ = review/examination.
- ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ค๋จ์ฉ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๊น์ง ๊ณ ๋ คํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค. (Researchers must consider even the possibility of misuse and abuse of research results.) โ ๏ธ
Notes: ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ = researcher, ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ = possibility, ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ค = to consider.
๐งฉ General Formation Rule
Ethics-and-science Korean often combines field + ethical standard / risk noun:
- ๊ณผํ (science) + ์ค๋ฆฌ (ethics) โ ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ (scientific ethics)
- ์ฐ๊ตฌ (research) + ์ค๋ฆฌ (ethics) โ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ (research ethics)
- ์๋ช (life) + ์กด์ค (respect) โ ์๋ช ์กด์ค (respect for life)
- ์์ ์ฑ (safety) + ๊ฒ์ฆ (verification) โ ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ (safety verification)
- ์ํ (risk) + ๊ด๋ฆฌ (management) โ ์ํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ (risk management)
These phrases are formal and common in academic writing, bioethics, AI policy, medical research, environmental debate, and public-policy analysis. ๐
๐ Cross-check note
Core terms such as ๊ณผํ (science), ์ค๋ฆฌ (ethics), ์๋ช
(life), ์ฑ
์ (responsibility), ํ๊ณ (limit), and ์กด์ค (respect) were cross-checked against standard Korean usage and Korean.go.kr / ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์ด์-style dictionary conventions. โ
๐ช Synonym Alert
- ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ (scientific ethics) vs. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ (research ethics) โ ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ is broad; ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ focuses on research conduct.
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ (ethical limits) vs. ๋ฒ์ ์ ํ (legal restrictions) โ ethical limits can exist even before a law is written.
- ์๋ช ์กด์ค (respect for life) vs. ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ (human dignity) โ the first can include life broadly; the second focuses specifically on human worth.
- ์ฑ ์ ์์ (sense of responsibility) vs. ์ฑ ์ ์์ฌ (where responsibility lies) โ the first is an attitude; the second asks who is accountable.
โ ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge
- โ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ = anti-science โ โ Ethical limits can support trustworthy and responsible science. ๐ฌ
- โ ์๋ช ์กด์ค = only medical treatment โ โ It can apply to experiments, biotechnology, animal research, ecology, and human dignity. ๐งฌ
- โ ์ฑ ์ ์์ = feeling guilty afterward โ โ It means anticipating consequences and acting responsibly from the start. ๐งญ
- โ ๊ท์ always blocks innovation โ โ Good regulation can reduce harm and protect public trust. โ๏ธ
- โ ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ = one quick test โ โ It implies systematic review, evidence, and ongoing risk awareness. ๐งช
๐ When you can use ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ, ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ, ์๋ช
์กด์ค, and ์ฑ
์ ์์, you can discuss science not just as power, but as power with a conscience. ๐ง
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Try this exercise
Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best science-ethics term. Think about whether the sentence focuses on boundaries, respect for life, safety, consent, responsibility, or misuse. ๐ฌ
1. ์๋ก์ด ์คํ์ ๊ณผํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ๊ณ๋ ๊ณ ๋ คํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
A new experiment must consider not only scientific possibility but also ethical limits. ๐ง
Answer
์ค๋ฆฌ์ โ The phrase ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ means ethical limits.
2. ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์กด์ค์ด ํนํ ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค.
In human embryo research, respect for life is especially important. ๐งฌ
Answer
์๋ช
โ The full phrase is ์๋ช
์กด์ค.
3. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์ฌํ์ ๋ฏธ์น ์ํฅ์ ์๊ฐํ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์์์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Researchers should have a sense of responsibility that considers the impact of results on society. ๐งญ
Answer
์ฑ
์ โ ์ฑ
์ ์์ means a sense of responsibility.
4. ์ฐธ์ฌ์๊ฐ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ค๋ช
์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๋์ํ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
A consent procedure is needed in which participants receive sufficient explanation and agree. โ๏ธ
Answer
๋์ โ Participant agreement after explanation is a ๋์ ์ ์ฐจ.
5. ์ ์น๋ฃ๋ฒ์ ์ฌ์ฉ ์ ์ ์ฒ ์ ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒ์ฆ์ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
A new treatment method must undergo thorough safety verification before use. ๐ฅ
Answer
์์ ์ฑ โ The full phrase is ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ.
6. ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ๋ฒ์ฃ์ ์ด์ฉ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ํ์ ํด๋นํฉ๋๋ค.
The possibility that technology could be used for crime is a risk of misuse and abuse. โ ๏ธ
Answer
์ค๋จ์ฉ โ Improper or harmful use is ์ค๋จ์ฉ.
7. ์คํ ๊ณผ์ ์ ์ ์ง์ฑ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํต์ฌ์
๋๋ค.
Honesty and transparency in the experiment process are central to research ethics. ๐
Answer
์ฐ๊ตฌ โ The phrase ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ focuses on research conduct.
8. ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์นจํดํด์๋ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Technological development must not violate human dignity. ๐ง
Answer
์กด์์ฑ โ The full phrase is ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ.
9. ์ํํ ๊ธฐ์ ์๋ ๋ช
ํํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๊ฐ๋
์ด ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
Dangerous technologies need clear regulation and oversight. โ๏ธ
Answer
๊ท์ โ Rules that control risky practices are ๊ท์ .
10. ๊ณผํ์๋ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ์ ์ด์ต๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ์ฌํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ์๊ฐํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Scientists must think not only about the benefits of discovery but also social responsibility. ๐
Answer
์ฑ
์ โ ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ
์ means responsibility toward society.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ โ ethical limits
- ์๋ช ์กด์ค โ respect for life
- ์ฑ ์ ์์ โ sense of responsibility
- ๋์ ์ ์ฐจ โ consent procedure
- ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ โ safety verification
- ์ค๋จ์ฉ โ misuse and abuse
- ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ โ research ethics
- ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ โ human dignity
- ๊ท์ โ regulation
- ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ ์ โ social responsibility
Tip ๐ก If the issue is โCan we?โ use science; if the issue is โShould we?โ use ethics.
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! ๐
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๐ฏ Practice Hub โ Ethical Limits of Science
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Welcome to the ethics lab! ๐ฌ This Practice Hub helps you discuss the boundaries of scientific power: respect for life, consent, safety, dignity, regulation, and responsibility. The goal is not to slow curiosity down; it is to give curiosity a steering wheel and brakes. ๐งญ
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๐ Audio reminder: Use Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a term or sentence aloud.
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๐ Instructions: Fill in each blank with the most natural Korean term. Read for the ethical issue first, then open the Answer toggle to check the nuance.
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Exercise 1 โ Core Ethics Terms ๐ฌ
A. ๊ณผํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ๋ฐ์ ํ ์๋ก ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ค์์ฑ๋ ์ปค์ง๋๋ค.
As science and technology develop, the importance of scientific ethics also grows. ๐งช
Answer
๊ณผํ โ ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ is scientific ethics.
B. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ์์ ์๋ ์ฌํ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์๋ค์ผ ์ ์๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ๊ณ๊ฐ ์์ต๋๋ค.
Even research freedom has ethical limits that society can accept. ๐ง
Answer
์ค๋ฆฌ์ โ Moral boundaries are ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ.
C. ์๋ช
์ ์คํ ์ฌ๋ฃ๋ก๋ง ๋ณด์ง ์๋ ํ๋๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์กด์ค์
๋๋ค.
Not treating life merely as experimental material is respect for life. ๐งฌ
Answer
์๋ช
โ The phrase is ์๋ช
์กด์ค.
D. ๊ณผํ์๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ํฅ์ ๋ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์์์ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Scientists should have a sense of responsibility for social impact. ๐
Answer
์ฑ
์ โ ์ฑ
์ ์์ is responsibility awareness.
E. ๋
ผ๋ฌธ ์กฐ์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์๋ฐํ๋ ํ์์
๋๋ค.
Fabricating a paper violates research ethics. ๐
Answer
์ฐ๊ตฌ โ Honesty in research belongs to ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ.
F. ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์๋จ์ผ๋ก๋ง ๋ํ๋ฉด ์ธ๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํผ์๋ฉ๋๋ค.
If humans are treated only as means, human dignity is damaged. ๐ง
Answer
์กด์์ฑ โ The term is ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ.
G. ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์ํ์ ์ค์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
Systematic risk management is needed to reduce the danger of new technology. โ ๏ธ
Answer
์ํ โ The phrase is ์ํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ.
H. ๊ณต๊ณต์ ์ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ์งํค๋ ์ผ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฑ
์๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Protecting public trust is connected to social responsibility. ๐ค
Answer
์ฌํ์ โ ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ
์ means responsibility toward society.
I. ์คํ ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Experiment participants must hear sufficient information and consent. โ๏ธ
Answer
๋์ โ Consent must be informed, not pressured.
J. ์ํ์ฑ์ด ํฐ ๊ธฐ์ ์๋ ๋ฒ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ ํ์ํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
High-risk technology may require legal regulation. โ๏ธ
Answer
๊ท์ โ Legal rules controlling risk are ๊ท์ .
Vocabulary Box
- ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ โ scientific ethics
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ โ ethical limits
- ์๋ช ์กด์ค โ respect for life
- ์ฑ ์ ์์ โ sense of responsibility
- ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ โ research ethics
- ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ โ human dignity
- ์ํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ risk management
- ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ ์ โ social responsibility
- ๋์ โ consent
- ๊ท์ โ regulation
Tip ๐ก ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ is broad; ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ focuses on research behavior.
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Exercise 2 โ Consent, Safety, and Review ๐งช
A. ์์ ์ํ ์ ์ ์ฐธ์ฌ์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ช
ํํ ํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Before a clinical trial, the participant consent procedure must be made clear. ๐ฅ
Answer
๋์ โ The full phrase is ๋์ ์ ์ฐจ.
B. ์ ์ฝ๋ฌผ์ ์ฌ์ฉ ์ ์ ์ถฉ๋ถํ ์์ ์ฑ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๋ฐ์์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
A new drug must receive sufficient safety verification before use. ๐
Answer
๊ฒ์ฆ โ ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ means safety verification.
C. ์คํ ์ค๊ณ๋ ๋
๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ค๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น๋ ๊ฒ์ด ๋ฐ๋์งํฉ๋๋ค.
An experimental design should go through independent ethical review. ๐
Answer
๊ฒํ โ ์ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฒํ means ethical review.
D. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋์์์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ณด๋ ์ฒ ์ ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Research subjectsโ personal information must be thoroughly protected. ๐
Answer
๋ณดํธ โ Privacy and personal information require protection.
E. ์ํ์ด ํฐ ์คํ์ ์ฌ์ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
High-risk experiments require risk assessment in advance. โ ๏ธ
Answer
์ํ โ ์ํ ํ๊ฐ means risk assessment.
F. ์ฐธ์ฌ์๊ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ์ดํดํ์ง ๋ชปํ๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋์๋ผ๊ณ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต์ต๋๋ค.
If participants do not understand the purpose, it is hard to call it informed consent. ๐
Answer
์ถฉ๋ถํ โ Ethical consent requires sufficient explanation.
G. ๋๋ฌผ ์คํ์ ํ์์ฑ๊ณผ ๊ณ ํต ๊ฐ์ ์์น์ ํจ๊ป ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Animal experiments must consider necessity and reduction of suffering. ๐
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ Ethical review requires considering necessity and harm.
H. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ๋์ค์ ๊ฒ์ฆํ ์ ์๋๋ก ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ฒ ๋จ๊ฒจ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Research records should be left transparently so they can be verified later. ๐
Answer
ํฌ๋ช
โ ํฌ๋ช
ํ๊ฒ means transparently.
I. ์์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ํผํด๋ฅผ ์ค์ด๊ธฐ ์ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ฑ
์ ๋ง๋ จํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Measures to prevent foreseeable harm should be prepared. ๐ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง โ ํผํด ๋ฐฉ์ง์ฑ
means harm-prevention measures.
J. ์คํ ํ์๋ ๋ถ์์ฉ์ ํ์ธํ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ด์ฐฐ์ด ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
Follow-up observation is necessary to check side effects after the experiment. ๐
Answer
์ถ์ โ ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ means follow-up observation.
Vocabulary Box
- ๋์ ์ ์ฐจ โ consent procedure
- ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ โ safety verification
- ์ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฒํ โ ethical review
- ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ณด ๋ณดํธ โ personal-information protection
- ์ํ ํ๊ฐ โ risk assessment
- ์ถฉ๋ถํ ๋์ โ informed/sufficient consent
- ๊ณ ๋ คํ๋ค โ to consider
- ํฌ๋ช ํ๊ฒ โ transparently
- ํผํด ๋ฐฉ์ง์ฑ โ harm-prevention measures
- ์ถ์ ๊ด์ฐฐ โ follow-up observation
Tip ๐ก Consent, safety, privacy, and review turn research from โpossibleโ into โresponsible.โ
ย
Exercise 3 โ Bioethics and Respect for Life ๐งฌ
A. ์ ์ ์ ํธ์ง์ ์๋ช
๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๊ด์ ์์ ๋
ผ์๋์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Gene editing should be discussed from the perspective of bioethics. ๐งฌ
Answer
์ค๋ฆฌ โ ์๋ช
์ค๋ฆฌ means bioethics.
B. ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฃจ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ธ๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์นจํดํ์ง ์์์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Research handling human embryos must not violate human dignity. ๐ง
Answer
์กด์์ฑ โ Human worth is ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ.
C. ๋๋ฌผ ์คํ์์๋ ๊ณ ํต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์์น์ด ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค.
In animal experiments, the principle of reducing suffering is important. ๐
Answer
๊ฐ์ โ Ethical animal research tries to reduce suffering.
D. ์ง๋ณ ์น๋ฃ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ ์๋ช
๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์์ด์๋ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Even for disease treatment, respect for life must not be forgotten. ๐ฅ
Answer
์กด์ค โ The full phrase is ์๋ช
์กด์ค.
E. ๋ง์ถคํ ์๊ธฐ ๋
ผ์์ ๊ณผํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ฌ ์ค๋๋ค.
The designer-baby debate shows the ethical limits of science and technology. ๐ถ
Answer
์ค๋ฆฌ์ โ This is a classic ethical-limit context.
F. ์๋ช
์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ํ์ฒ๋ผ ๋ํ๋ ํ๋๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๋์์ด ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Treating living beings like products becomes an object of criticism. ๐งพ
Answer
๋นํ โ Ethical concerns often invite criticism.
G. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์ข์๋ ์๋จ์ด ๋น์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
Even if the research goal is good, it cannot be justified if the means are unethical. โ๏ธ
Answer
์ ๋นํ โ ์ ๋นํ๋๋ค means to be justified.
H. ์ทจ์ฝํ ์ฐธ์ฌ์๋ ๋ ๊ฐํ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
Vulnerable participants need stronger ethical protection. ๐ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณดํธ โ Vulnerable groups require protection.
I. ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์๋ช
์ ๊ฐ์น๋ฅผ ๋จ์ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ก ํ์ํด์๋ ์ ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Researchers must not reduce the value of life to mere data. ๐
Answer
์๋ฃ โ The warning is against treating life as mere data/material.
J. ์๋ช
๊ณผํ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ํจ๊ป ๋ค๋ฃจ์ด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Life science must handle possibility and responsibility together. ๐ฌ
Answer
์ฑ
์ โ Science needs responsibility along with possibility.
Vocabulary Box
- ์๋ช ์ค๋ฆฌ โ bioethics
- ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ โ human dignity
- ๊ณ ํต ๊ฐ์ โ reduction of suffering
- ์๋ช ์กด์ค โ respect for life
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ โ ethical limits
- ๋นํ โ criticism
- ์ ๋นํ๋๋ค โ to be justified
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ๋ณดํธ โ ethical protection
- ์๋ฃ โ data/material
- ์ฑ ์ โ responsibility
Tip ๐ก Bioethics asks whether life and dignity are protected, not just whether the experiment works.
ย
Exercise 4 โ Misuse, Regulation, and Social Trust โ๏ธ
A. ๊ฐ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์๋ฏผ ํต์ ์ ์ฐ์ด๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ธธ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
If surveillance technology is used for citizen control, a misuse problem can arise. ๐๏ธ
Answer
์ค๋จ์ฉ โ Improper harmful use is ์ค๋จ์ฉ.
B. ์ํํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์๋ ์ ๋์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฅ์น๊ฐ ํ์ํฉ๋๋ค.
Risky research needs institutional regulatory mechanisms. ๐๏ธ
Answer
๊ท์ โ Rules that control risk are ๊ท์ .
C. ํฌ๋ช
ํ์ง ์์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ์ฌํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์์ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
Nontransparent research can lose social trust. ๐ค
Answer
์ ๋ขฐ โ Public acceptance depends on trust.
D. ๊ธฐ์ ๊ฐ๋ฐ์๋ ์์ ๊ฐ๋ฅํ ๋ถ์์ฉ์ ๋ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ ธ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Technology developers must bear responsibility for foreseeable side effects. โ ๏ธ
Answer
์ฑ
์ โ The phrase ์ฑ
์์ ์ง๋ค means to take responsibility.
E. ์ํ์ ์จ๊ธฐ๋ฉด ๊ณผํ ๊ณต๋์ฒด์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ฑ์ด ํผ์๋ฉ๋๋ค.
If risks are hidden, the credibility of the scientific community is damaged. ๐
Answer
์ ๋ขฐ โ ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ means credibility/reliability.
F. ์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ํธ์ต๊ณผ ์ํ์ ํจ๊ป ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
New technology must evaluate benefits and risks together. โ๏ธ
Answer
ํ๊ฐ โ Balanced evaluation includes both benefit and risk.
G. ๊ณต๊ณต ์์ ์ ์ํํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋์์ด ๋ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
Research that threatens public safety can become subject to restriction. ๐ซ
Answer
์ ํ โ ์ ํ ๋์ means subject to restriction.
H. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์
์ฉ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
The possibility that research results may be abused must be reviewed in advance. ๐งญ
Answer
๊ฒํ โ Risks should be reviewed before harm occurs.
I. ๊ณผํ์๋ ์ฌํ์ ์ํตํ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ๊ฐ์ ธ์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Scientists should also have the attitude of communicating with society. ๐ฃ๏ธ
Answer
ํ๋ โ Responsible science includes communication.
J. ์ค๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ฑ
์ ์๊ฒ ์ด๋๋ ์ญํ ์ ํฉ๋๋ค.
Ethical standards guide the development of technology responsibly. ๐
Answer
๋ฐ์ โ Ethics can guide development, not simply block it.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ค๋จ์ฉ โ misuse and abuse
- ๊ท์ ์ฅ์น โ regulatory mechanism
- ์ฌํ์ ์ ๋ขฐ โ social trust
- ์ฑ ์์ ์ง๋ค โ to take responsibility
- ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ โ credibility/reliability
- ํ๊ฐํ๋ค โ to evaluate
- ์ ํ ๋์ โ subject to restriction
- ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค โ to review
- ํ๋ โ attitude
- ๋ฐ์ โ development
Tip ๐ก Regulation and review can protect trust, especially when technology can be misused.
ย
Exercise 5 โ Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐ก๏ธ
A. ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ๋ ๊ณผํ์ ๋ฐ๋ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋์ผ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
Ethical limits do not oppose science; they can raise trust. ๐ฌ
Answer
์ ๋ขฐ โ โ Ethical limits = anti-science โ โ
They can support trustworthy science.
B. ์๋ช
์กด์ค์ ๋ณ์๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ์คํ๊ณผ ์๋ช
๊ณตํ์๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
Respect for life applies not only to hospitals but also to experiments and biotechnology. ๐งฌ
Answer
์ ์ฉ โ It applies across science and ethics contexts.
C. ์ฑ
์ ์์์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ธด ๋ค์ ํํ๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ ์ฌ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์
๋๋ค.
A sense of responsibility is not regret after problems occur, but prior consideration. ๐งญ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ โ Responsibility = guilt afterward โ โ
It includes anticipating consequences.
D. ์ข์ ๊ท์ ๋ ํ์ ์ ๋ง๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ ์ ์์ต๋๋ค.
Good regulation can manage risk rather than block innovation. โ๏ธ
Answer
๊ด๋ฆฌ โ โ Regulation always blocks innovation โ โ
It can manage risk.
E. ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ์ ํ ๋ฒ์ ์ํ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ธ ํ์ธ ๊ณผ์ ์
๋๋ค.
Safety verification is not one test but a systematic checking process. ๐งช
Answer
์ฒด๊ณ์ โ โ One quick test โ โ
systematic verification.
F. ์ฐธ์ฌ์์ ๋์๊ฐ ์์ผ๋ฉด ์ฐ๊ตฌ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ฑ์ด ์ฝํด์ง๋๋ค.
Without participant consent, the ethical validity of the research weakens. โ๏ธ
Answer
์ค๋ฆฌ โ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ฑ means ethical validity/ethical quality.
G. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์ค๋จ์ฉ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ฌํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ณผ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋๋ค.
The possibility of misuse of research results connects to social responsibility. ๐
Answer
์ฑ
์ โ Scientists and institutions must think beyond the lab.
H. ์ธ๊ฐ ์กด์์ฑ์ ์นจํดํ๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ ๊ณผํ์ ์ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ ์์ด๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฐ๊ธฐ ์ด๋ ต์ต๋๋ค.
Research that violates human dignity is hard to justify even if scientifically successful. ๐ง
Answer
์ ๋นํ โ Ethical means matter, not only results.
I. ์ฐ๊ตฌ ์ค๋ฆฌ๋ ์ ์งํ ๊ธฐ๋ก๊ณผ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
Research ethics requires honest records and disclosure of results. ๐
Answer
๊ณต๊ฐ โ Transparency and disclosure support research ethics.
J. ๊ณผํ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ๋ ์๋ช
์กด์ค, ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ, ์ฑ
์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ํจ๊ป ์๊ตฌํฉ๋๋ค.
The ethical limits of science require respect for life, safety verification, and a sense of responsibility together. ๐ง
Answer
์์ โ The phrase ์ฑ
์ ์์ ties the lesson together.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ ๋ขฐ โ trust
- ์ ์ฉ๋๋ค โ to apply
- ์ฌ์ ๊ณ ๋ ค โ prior consideration
- ์ํ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ risk management
- ์ฒด๊ณ์ โ systematic
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ฑ โ ethical validity/quality
- ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ ์ โ social responsibility
- ์ ๋นํ๋ฐ๋ค โ to be justified
- ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐ โ disclosure of results
- ์ฑ ์ ์์ โ sense of responsibility
Tip ๐ก Pitfall patrol: responsible science is not weaker science โ it is science that society can trust.
ย
๐ You completed the ethics circuit: ๊ณผํ ์ค๋ฆฌ, ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ํ๊ณ, ์๋ช
์กด์ค, ์์ ์ฑ ๊ฒ์ฆ, ์ค๋จ์ฉ, and ์ฑ
์ ์์. Your Korean can now discuss discovery with both curiosity and conscience. ๐ฌ