๐Ÿ”€

Either... or...: -๋“ ์ง€ -๋“ ์ง€

Keywords
๋“ ์ง€
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Grammar
๐Ÿ”€
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • -๋“ ์ง€ -๋“ ์ง€ means whether A or B / either A or B / no matter which option.
  • Use it when two or more choices are all acceptable, possible, or treated the same.
  • ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”. = Whether you drink coffee or tea, it is fine.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€, ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€, ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€, and ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€. Listen for ๋“ ์ง€ as a repeated โ€œwhether... or...โ€ rhythm.
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

-๋“ ์ง€ -๋“ ์ง€ lets you present choices and say that the result does not really depend on which one is chosen.
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It can feel like:
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whether A or B
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either A or B
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no matter whether A or B
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Examples:
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š”.
    • [ga-deun-ji mal-deun-ji ne-ga gyeol-jeong-hae-yo]
      Whether you go or not, you decide.
  • ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด์š”.
    • [keo-pi-reul ma-si-deun-ji cha-reul ma-si-deun-ji sang-gwan-eop-seo-yo]
      Whether you drink coffee or tea, it does not matter.
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
    • [bi-ssa-deun-ji ssa-deun-ji pum-jil-i jung-yo-hae-yo]
      Whether it is expensive or cheap, quality is important.
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The key feeling is choice with indifference, freedom, or equal treatment.

๐Ÿง  What Is ๋“ ์ง€ Doing?

๋“ ์ง€ marks an option. When you repeat it, Korean hears a choice set:
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Option A๋“ ์ง€ Option B๋“ ์ง€ โ†’ whichever option
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Tiny map:
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค = to go
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ = whether going / if going is the choice
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ = whether going or not going
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Common chunks:
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether someone goes or not
  • ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether eating or drinking
  • ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether doing it or not
  • ์ข‹๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ซ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether liking it or not
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether expensive or cheap
  • ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether a student or teacher

๐Ÿงฉ Formation Rules

1. Action verb stem + ๋“ ์ง€

Use the verb stem directly.
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether going
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether eating
  • ์ฝ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ฝ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether reading
  • ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether making
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2. Descriptive verb/adjective stem + ๋“ ์ง€

Use the descriptive stem directly.
  • ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ์ข‹๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether good
  • ์‹ซ๋‹ค โ†’ ์‹ซ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether disliked
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether expensive
  • ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฉ€๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether far
  • ์ถฅ๋‹ค โ†’ ์ถฅ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether cold
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3. Noun + (์ด)๋“ ์ง€

Use ์ด๋“ ์ง€ after a consonant and ๋“ ์ง€ after a vowel.
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether a student
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether a teacher
  • ์ปคํ”ผ โ†’ ์ปคํ”ผ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether coffee
  • ์ฐจ โ†’ ์ฐจ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether tea
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4. Negative option: ๋ง๋“ ์ง€

Use ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ for โ€œwhether not doing it.โ€
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether going or not
  • ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether eating or not
  • ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether doing it or not
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5. Shorter form: -๋“  -๋“ 

You may see ๋“  instead of ๋“ ์ง€.
  • ๊ฐ€๋“  ๋ง๋“  ๋„ค ๋งˆ์Œ์ด์—์š”.
    • Whether you go or not, it is up to you.
  • ์ปคํ”ผ๋“  ์ฐจ๋“  ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
    • Either coffee or tea is fine.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in Sentences

Free choice

  • ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
    • Eat or drink, do whatever feels comfortable.
  • ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
    • Whether you do it today or tomorrow, it is fine.
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Indifference / โ€œI do not mindโ€

  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด์š”.
    • I do not care whether you go or not.
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์ €๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • Whether it is expensive or cheap, I will buy it if I need it.
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Equal rule / same result

  • ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
    • Whether student or teacher, everyone must register.
  • ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๋“ ์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ž๋“ ์ง€ ์ด ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
    • Whether beginner or advanced learner, this rule is important.
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Strong โ€œwhatever you chooseโ€

  • ์–ด๋””์— ์‚ด๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ œ์ผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
    • Wherever you live, health is most important.
  • ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋“ ์ง€ ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
    • Whatever you learn, you need to do it consistently.

๐Ÿ” Meaning Contrast

-๋“ ์ง€ -๋“ ์ง€

Choice alternatives: either A or B / whether A or B.
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š”.
    • Whether you go or not, you decide.
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-(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š”์ง€

Whether / if, often for wondering, asking, checking, knowing.
  • ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”.
    • I do not know whether they are going or not.
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๊ฑฐ๋‚˜

Simple โ€œorโ€ between actions or choices.
  • ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”์š”.
    • I drink coffee or tea.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด

Or / otherwise, often between clauses or sentences.
  • ์ปคํ”ผ ๋งˆ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ฐจ ๋งˆ์‹ค๋ž˜์š”?
    • Do you want coffee? Or tea?
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-๋˜์ง€

Past recollection or uncertainty, not the same as choice -๋“ ์ง€.
  • ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ถฅ๋˜์ง€ ์†์ด ์–ผ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • It was so cold that my hands froze.
      โš ๏ธ This is not โ€œwhether A or B.โ€
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Shortcut:
  • choice/either/or โ†’ ๋“ ์ง€
  • whether/checking/knowing โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š”์ง€
  • simple or โ†’ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
  • sentence-level or โ†’ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
  • past recollection โ†’ ๋˜์ง€

๐Ÿชž Synonym & Usage Alert

Possible English translations:
  • whether A or B
  • either A or B
  • no matter whether A or B
  • whatever / whichever
  • A or B, it does not matter
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Useful chunks:
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether going or not
  • ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether doing it or not
  • ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether eating or drinking
  • ์ข‹๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ซ๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether liking it or not
  • ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€ โ€” whether student or teacher
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Tone note:
  • ๋“ ์ง€ can sound casual, neutral, or firm depending on context.
  • ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์–ด์š” can sound dismissive, like โ€œI do not care whether you go or not.โ€
  • Softer version: ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๋„ ๋ผ์š”. = It is okay whether you go or not.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ๋ง๋˜์ง€ for choice โ†’ โœ… ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€.
  • โŒ ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ โ†’ โœ… ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€.
  • โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ ์ง€ โ†’ โœ… ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€.
  • โŒ ๋จน์€๋“ ์ง€ โ†’ โœ… ๋จน๋“ ์ง€.
  • โš ๏ธ ๋“ ์ง€ is not past tense. It attaches directly to stems for choice.
  • โš ๏ธ If you are asking โ€œI wonder whether...โ€ use -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š”์ง€, not ๋“ ์ง€.

You now have the โ€œeither/or, whicheverโ€ tool: ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€, ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€, ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€, and ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€. Choice grammar unlocked. ๐Ÿ”€โœจ
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Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each blank with the correct ๋“ ์ง€ form.
1. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค / ๋ง๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋„ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ โ€” Whether you go or not, you decide.
2. ์ปคํ”ผ / ์ฐจ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
Answer
์ปคํ”ผ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋“ ์ง€ / ์ปคํ”ผ๋“  ์ฐจ๋“ .
3. ๋จน๋‹ค / ๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
Answer
๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€.
4. ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค / ์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€.
5. ํ•™์ƒ / ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€.
6. Choose: โ€œwhether going or notโ€
โ‘  ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ / โ‘ก ๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ๋ง๋˜์ง€
Answer
โ‘  ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€.
7. Choose: โ€œI do not know whether they are going.โ€
โ‘  ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š” / โ‘ก ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”
Answer
โ‘  ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. Use -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š”์ง€ for checking/wondering whether.
8. Fix: โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ ์ง€
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€.
9. Fix: โŒ ๋จน์€๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ ๋“ ์ง€
Answer
๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€.
10. Translate: โ€œWhether you do it today or tomorrow, it is okay.โ€
Answer
์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค [gyeol-jeong-ha-da] โ†’ to decide
  • ์ƒ๊ด€์—†๋‹ค [sang-gwan-eop-da] โ†’ to not matter
  • ํ’ˆ์งˆ [pum-jil] โ†’ quality
  • ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๋‹ค [deung-rok-ha-da] โ†’ to register
  • ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ [pyeon-ha-ge] โ†’ comfortably
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Choice ๋“ ์ง€ uses ใ„ท, not ๋˜์ง€ with ใ„ด.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below trains forms, free choice, indifference, equal rules, and the ๋“ ์ง€ vs ๋˜์ง€ vs ๋Š”์ง€ contrast.
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Either... or...: -๋“ ์ง€ -๋“ ์ง€
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Welcome to the choice gym. ๐Ÿ”€ Youโ€™ll practice building choice pairs, deciding when ๋“ ์ง€ fits, and avoiding the classic ๋“ ์ง€ vs ๋˜์ง€ trap.
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear each completed sentence aloud.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Build the ๋“ ์ง€ Form ๐Ÿ”ง

A. ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€
B. ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋จน๋“ ์ง€
C. ๋งˆ์‹œ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€
D. ๋งŒ๋“ค๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋งŒ๋“ค๋“ ์ง€
E. ์ข‹๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ข‹๋“ ์ง€
F. ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€
G. ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋ฉ€๋“ ์ง€
H. ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€
I. ์ปคํ”ผ โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
์ปคํ”ผ๋“ ์ง€
J. ๋ง๋‹ค โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Answer
๋ง๋“ ์ง€
๐Ÿ”ง
Form Box
  • verb stem + ๋“ ์ง€
  • adjective stem + ๋“ ์ง€
  • noun + (์ด)๋“ ์ง€
  • negative option โ†’ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€
  • short form โ†’ ๋“ 
Memory tip ๐Ÿ’ก Choice ๋“ ์ง€ attaches directly to the stem.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Free Choice ๐Ÿ›’

A. ์ปคํ”ผ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: either is fine
Answer
๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
B. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋‚ด์ผ ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: do it whenever comfortable
Answer
ํŽธํ•  ๋•Œ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
C. ๋ฒ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€๋“ ์ง€ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์„ ํƒ€๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: arrive by 3
Answer
3์‹œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
D. ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋“ ์ง€ ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: rest a little
Answer
์กฐ๊ธˆ ์‰ฌ์„ธ์š”.
E. ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: decide quickly
Answer
๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š”.
F. ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ์ผ๋ณธ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: consistency is important
Answer
๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
G. ์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: please contact me
Answer
์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
H. ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰์ด๋“ ์ง€ ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: choose what you like
Answer
์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๊ณ ๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
I. ์ฃผ๋ง์ด๋“ ์ง€ ํ‰์ผ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: I can meet
Answer
๋งŒ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
J. ํ˜ผ์ž ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: be careful
Answer
์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
๐Ÿ›’
Choice words
  • ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to arrive
  • ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to decide
  • ๊พธ์ค€ํžˆ โ†’ consistently
  • ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to contact
  • ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋‹ค โ†’ to choose
  • ํ‰์ผ โ†’ weekday
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Same Rule, Any Option โš–๏ธ

A. ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๋“ ์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ž๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: everyone needs practice
Answer
์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
B. ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: everyone must register
Answer
๋ชจ๋‘ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
C. ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: quality is important
Answer
ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
D. ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ์‚ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์— ์‚ด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: health is important
Answer
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
E. ์•„์นจ์— ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฐค์— ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: finish by today
Answer
์˜ค๋Š˜๊นŒ์ง€ ๋๋‚ด์„ธ์š”.
F. ์–ด๋ ต๋“ ์ง€ ์‰ฝ๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: try once
Answer
ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
G. ์ž‘๋“ ์ง€ ํฌ๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: I need a bag
Answer
๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
H. ํ˜ผ์ž๋“ ์ง€ ๊ฐ™์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: reservation is required
Answer
์˜ˆ์•ฝ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
I. ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์˜คํ”„๋ผ์ธ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: attendance is required
Answer
์ถœ์„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
J. ์ฒ˜์Œ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋“ ์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Use: read the instructions
Answer
์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฌธ์„ ์ฝ์œผ์„ธ์š”.
โš–๏ธ
Equal-rule words
  • ์ดˆ๋ณด์ž โ†’ beginner
  • ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ž โ†’ advanced learner
  • ๋“ฑ๋กํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to register
  • ์ถœ์„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to attend
  • ์•ˆ๋‚ด๋ฌธ โ†’ instructions/notice
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋“ ์ง€ is useful when the same rule applies to every option.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Choose the Best Grammar ๐Ÿงญ

A. โ€œWhether you go or not, decide quickly.โ€
โ‘  ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š” / โ‘ก ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ง๋Š”์ง€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ .
B. โ€œI do not know whether they are going.โ€
โ‘  ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š” / โ‘ก ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์–ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ .
C. Simple โ€œDrink coffee or tea.โ€
โ‘  ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”์š” / โ‘ก ์ปคํ”ผ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์…”์š”
Answer
โ‘  is the simple โ€œorโ€ structure.
D. โ€œWhether coffee or tea, either is fine.โ€
โ‘  ์ปคํ”ผ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋“ ์ง€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š” / โ‘ก ์ปคํ”ผ๋˜์ง€ ์ฐจ๋˜์ง€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”
Answer
โ‘ .
E. โ€œIt was so cold that...โ€
โ‘  ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ถฅ๋˜์ง€... / โ‘ก ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ถฅ๋“ ์ง€...
Answer
โ‘ . This is recollection/intensity ๋˜์ง€, not choice ๋“ ์ง€.
F. โ€œWhether it is expensive or cheap, quality matters.โ€
โ‘  ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š” / โ‘ก ๋น„์‹ผ์ง€ ์‹ผ์ง€ ํ’ˆ์งˆ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ .
G. โ€œDo you know whether it is expensive?โ€
โ‘  ๋น„์‹ผ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์š”? / โ‘ก ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์•Œ์•„์š”?
Answer
โ‘ .
H. โ€œEither student or teacher must register.โ€
โ‘  ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š” / โ‘ก ํ•™์ƒ๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋“ฑ๋กํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”
Answer
โ‘ .
I. Which is choice grammar?
Answer
๋“ ์ง€.
J. Which is past recollection?
Answer
๋˜์ง€.
๐Ÿงญ
Decision Box
  • either/whether/no matter which โ†’ ๋“ ์ง€
  • wonder/check/know whether โ†’ -(์œผ)ใ„ด/๋Š”์ง€
  • simple or โ†’ ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
  • sentence-level or โ†’ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
  • past recollection/intensity โ†’ ๋˜์ง€
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Translation + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. Translate: โ€œWhether you go or not, it is up to you.โ€
Answer
๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€ ๋„ค ๋งˆ์Œ์ด์—์š”.
B. Translate: โ€œWhether we eat at home or outside, it is okay.โ€
Answer
์ง‘์—์„œ ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฐ–์—์„œ ๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์š”.
C. Translate: โ€œWhether beginner or advanced learner, practice is necessary.โ€
Answer
์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๋“ ์ง€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰์ž๋“ ์ง€ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š”.
D. Translate: โ€œWhether it is difficult or easy, try it once.โ€
Answer
์–ด๋ ต๋“ ์ง€ ์‰ฝ๋“ ์ง€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
E. Translate: โ€œWhether you call or text, please contact me.โ€
Answer
์ „ํ™”ํ•˜๋“ ์ง€ ๋ฌธ์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋“ ์ง€ ์—ฐ๋ฝํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
F. Fix: โŒ ๊ฐ€๋˜์ง€ ๋ง๋˜์ง€
Answer
๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€.
G. Fix: โŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ ์ง€
Answer
ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€.
H. Fix: โŒ ๋จน์€๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹ ๋“ ์ง€
Answer
๋จน๋“ ์ง€ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋“ ์ง€.
I. Choose the โ€œchecking whetherโ€ form: ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€ / ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€
Answer
๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€.
J. What does -๋“ ์ง€ -๋“ ์ง€ do?
Answer
It presents choices and says the result is the same, acceptable, or not dependent on which option is chosen.
๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Final Check
  • ๊ฐ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€
  • ๋จน๋‹ค โ†’ ๋จน๋“ ์ง€
  • ๋น„์‹ธ๋‹ค โ†’ ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€
  • ๋ฉ€๋‹ค โ†’ ๋ฉ€๋“ ์ง€
  • ํ•™์ƒ โ†’ ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€
  • ์ปคํ”ผ โ†’ ์ปคํ”ผ๋“ ์ง€
  • choice = ๋“ ์ง€, not ๋˜์ง€
Final Boss Rule ๐Ÿ’ก If it means โ€œwhether A or B / whichever,โ€ use ๋“ ์ง€.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Practice complete. You can now express free choice and equal treatment with ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋ง๋“ ์ง€, ์ปคํ”ผ๋“ ์ง€ ์ฐจ๋“ ์ง€, ๋น„์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€ ์‹ธ๋“ ์ง€, and ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋“ ์ง€ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด๋“ ์ง€. Either-or Korean unlocked. ๐Ÿ”€โœจ