๐ŸŒฟ

Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์›๊ณผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ / ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณด์กด / ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ / ์žฌ์ƒ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐ŸŒฟ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐ŸŒฑ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์› means ecological restoration: helping a damaged ecosystem recover its structure, function, and resilience.
  • ๐Ÿงฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (biodiversity) is both a goal and a measure of restoration success: more stable habitats can support more varied life.
  • ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ The core vocabulary family is ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค (to restore), ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค (to recover), ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค (to regenerate), ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค (to conserve), and ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค (to protect a habitat).
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear advanced terms like ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์› (ecological restoration), ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (biodiversity), and ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ (habitat connectivity). Long academic phrases become much less scary when your ears meet them first. ๐Ÿฆ
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์› (ecological restoration) is the process of helping a damaged ecosystem regain healthier functions. It is not just โ€œplanting a tree and hoping for applause.โ€ ๐ŸŒณ It can include restoring wetlands, reconnecting fragmented habitats, removing invasive species, improving water quality, and monitoring whether plants and animals actually return.
์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (biodiversity) refers to the variety of life: species, genes, habitats, and ecological relationships. In a restoration context, biodiversity is often the scoreboard: if a restored wetland supports insects, birds, plants, fish, and microorganisms again, the recovery is more meaningful than a surface-level cleanup. ๐Ÿ
This lesson is different from a pure biodiversity preservation lesson. ๋ณด์ „ and ๋ณด์กด focus on preventing loss; ๋ณต์›, ํšŒ๋ณต, and ์žฌ์ƒ focus on repairing or regaining ecological function after damage has already occurred. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Restoration + Biodiversity Family

  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ โ†’ ecosystem: living organisms, their environment, and the relationships among them. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ means ecosystem function. โš™๏ธ
  • ๋ณต์› / ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ restoration / to restore: returning a damaged place or system closer to a healthy condition. Natural collocation: ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค (to restore a damaged wetland). ๐Ÿชท
  • ํšŒ๋ณต / ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ recovery / to recover: the ecosystem regains condition or function over time. Natural collocation: ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค (the ecosystem gradually recovers). ๐ŸŒ„
  • ์žฌ์ƒ / ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ regeneration / to regenerate: new growth or renewal, often natural or biological. Natural collocation: ์ˆฒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค (the forest regenerates naturally). ๐ŸŒฒ
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ biodiversity: the variety of life. In restoration writing, you often see ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค (to enhance biodiversity) or ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค (biodiversity recovers). ๐Ÿฆ‹
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ habitat: the place where organisms live. Key phrases: ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ (habitat protection), ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ (habitat connectivity), ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ (habitat fragmentation/disconnection). ๐ŸฆŒ
  • ๋ณด์ „ / ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ conservation / to conserve: maintaining ecological value over time. In restoration, this often appears after repair begins: ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค (to conserve the restored ecosystem long-term). ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ์ง€์ž์ฒด๋Š” ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌผ๊ธธ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
    • (The local government reconnected waterways to restore a damaged wetland.) ๐Ÿ’ง
      Notes: ์ง€์ž์ฒด = local government, ํ›ผ์†๋œ = damaged, ๋ฌผ๊ธธ = waterway, ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค = to reconnect.
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€์ž ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์˜ ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„๊ฐ€ ๋„“์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค.
    • (As habitat connectivity increased, the movement range of endangered species widened.) ๐Ÿ†
      Notes: ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ = habitat connectivity, ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข… = endangered species, ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„ = movement range.
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์ดํ›„ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
    • (After removing invasive species, native plants regenerated and biodiversity gradually recovered.) ๐ŸŒฑ
      Notes: ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ์ œ๊ฑฐ = removal of invasive/non-native species, ํ† ์ฐฉ ์‹๋ฌผ = native plants, ์„œ์„œํžˆ = gradually.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This is an advanced vocabulary lesson, so the useful formation is academic noun phrase + action verb:
  • ํ›ผ์†๋œ + ์žฅ์†Œ/์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ + ์„/๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค = restore a damaged place/ecosystem
    • Example: ํ›ผ์†๋œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์„ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค (to restore a damaged stream). ๐Ÿž๏ธ
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„/๊ธฐ๋Šฅ/๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ + ์ด/๊ฐ€ ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค = an ecosystem/function/diversity recovers
    • Example: ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค (ecosystem function recovers). โš™๏ธ
  • ์ˆฒ/์‹์ƒ/ํ† ์ฐฉ ์‹๋ฌผ + ์ด/๊ฐ€ ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค = forest/vegetation/native plants regenerate
    • Example: ์‹์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค (vegetation regenerates). ๐ŸŒฟ
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ + ์„/๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค/์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค/ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค = protect/connect/expand habitat
    • Example: ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค (to connect habitats). ๐ŸฆŒ
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ + ์„/๋ฅผ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค/๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค = enhance/conserve biodiversity
    • Example: ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ์ฆ์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค (to enhance biodiversity). ๐Ÿงฌ
No irregular conjugation is being taught here; the โ€œruleโ€ is choosing the natural verb partner for each environmental noun.

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

Key Korean terms and public terminology were cross-checked against korean.go.kr resources and standard environmental usage, including ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (biodiversity), ๋ณด์ „ (conservation), ๋ณต์› (restoration), ์žฌ์ƒ (regeneration), ์„œ์‹์ง€ (habitat), and ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ (ecosystem). โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๋ณต์› (restoration) vs. ํšŒ๋ณต (recovery) vs. ์žฌ์ƒ (regeneration): ๋ณต์› often sounds like planned repair; ํšŒ๋ณต emphasizes regained condition; ์žฌ์ƒ emphasizes renewal or new growth. ๐ŸŒฑ
  • ๋ณด์ „ (formal conservation) vs. ๋ณดํ˜ธ (protection): ๋ณด์ „ maintains ecological value over time; ๋ณดํ˜ธ shields organisms or habitats from harm. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… (non-native or invasive species) vs. ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… (native species) vs. ๊ณ ์œ ์ข… (endemic species): ๊ณ ์œ ์ข… lives naturally only in a specific region, while ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… is native to a region more generally. ๐Ÿข
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ (habitat fragmentation/disconnection) vs. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ (habitat connectivity): one describes separation; the other describes ecological linkage. ๐Ÿงฉ

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค as the default for restoration โ†’ โœ… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค (Use ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค for ecological restoration; ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค sounds too casual or mechanical.)
  • โŒ Using ์žฌ์ƒํ•˜๋‹ค for every planned government project โ†’ โœ… ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค (A project is usually ๋ณต์›; natural regrowth is often ์žฌ์ƒ.)
  • โŒ Treating ๋ณดํ˜ธ and ๋ณด์ „ as identical โ†’ โœ… ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค but ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค (direct protection vs. long-term conservation).
  • โŒ Translating ์ข… casually as โ€œkindโ€ in academic ecology โ†’ โœ… species (Use it in phrases like ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…, ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข…, ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข…, and ๊ณ ์œ ์ข….)
  • โŒ Measuring restoration only by appearance โ†’ โœ… Check ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ, ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, and ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ (a pretty park is not automatically a recovered ecosystem). ๐Ÿง

Restore the habitat, reconnect the life, and let biodiversity do its quiet little victory dance. ๐ŸŒฟ๐Ÿฆ‹
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Try this exercise

Fill each blank with the most natural word or phrase from this lesson. Focus on whether the sentence means restoration, recovery, regeneration, habitat protection, or biodiversity improvement. Say the completed sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle. ๐Ÿงญ
1. ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๋‹ค.
A project that revives a damaged wetland is an ecological restoration project. ๐Ÿชท
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—… means ecological restoration project.
2. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The degree to which diverse living organisms exist together is called biodiversity. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ means biodiversity.
3. ์ˆฒ์ด ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์€ ์ˆฒ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
The phenomenon of a forest growing again naturally is forest regeneration. ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
์žฌ์ƒ โ€” ์žฌ์ƒ emphasizes natural renewal or regrowth.
4. ๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The place where animals can live is called a habitat. ๐ŸฆŒ
Answer
์„œ์‹์ง€ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€ means habitat.
5. ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข…์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด ํ† ์ฐฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If invasive species are reduced, native plants can regenerate again. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์žฌ์ƒ โ€” ์žฌ์ƒ๋˜๋‹ค fits natural plant regrowth.
6. ๋ณต์› ์ดํ›„ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
After restoration, ecosystem function gradually recovered. โš™๏ธ
Answer
ํšŒ๋ณต โ€” ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค means to recover.
7. ๋Š์–ด์ง„ ์ˆฒ์„ ์ž‡๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค.
Connecting separated forests increases habitat connectivity. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ means habitat connectivity.
8. ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์„ ์ง€ํ‚ค๋ ค๋ฉด ์ฃผ์š” ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To protect endangered species, major habitats must be protected. ๐Ÿ†
Answer
๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to protect a habitat.
9. ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A restored ecosystem must be conserved long-term. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์ „ โ€” ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค means to conserve or preserve ecological value.
10. ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ๋Š” ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋„“ํž ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
An ecological corridor can widen wildlife movement range. ๐Ÿพ
Answer
๋ฒ”์œ„ โ€” ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„ means movement range.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ›ผ์†๋œ ์Šต์ง€ โ†’ damaged wetland
  • ๋˜์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋‹ค โ†’ to revive
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—… โ†’ ecological restoration project
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ biodiversity
  • ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด โ†’ living organism
  • ์žฌ์ƒ โ†’ regeneration
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ habitat
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… โ†’ invasive/non-native species
  • ํ† ์ฐฉ ์‹๋ฌผ โ†’ native plant
  • ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to recover
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ†’ ecosystem function
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ โ†’ habitat connectivity
  • ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข… โ†’ endangered species
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to protect
  • ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conserve
  • ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ โ†’ ecological corridor
  • ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ movement range
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก ๋ณต์› repairs damage, ํšŒ๋ณต shows regained condition, and ์žฌ์ƒ suggests new growth.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! Your restoration vocabulary is already sprouting new roots. ๐ŸŒฑ
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๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity
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Welcome to the restoration field station, where wetlands get second chances and vocabulary grows like native grass after a careful recovery plan. ๐ŸŒพ Youโ€™ll practice advanced Korean for ecological restoration, biodiversity recovery, habitat connectivity, regeneration, conservation, and the policy language that makes environmental writing sound precise. ๐Ÿงญ
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๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever phrases like ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ or ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ ์ฆ์ง„ need a pronunciation check.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean word or phrase. Pay attention to the role of the sentence: damage, restoration action, natural recovery, biodiversity outcome, or long-term conservation. Say the completed sentence aloud, then check the Answer toggle. ๐ŸŒฟ
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Exercise 1 โ€” Restoration Core Terms ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ

A. ํ›ผ์†๋œ ํ•˜์ฒœ์„ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ฒœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Returning a damaged stream closer to a healthy condition is called stream restoration. ๐Ÿž๏ธ
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋ณต์› means stream restoration; ๋ณต์› fits planned ecological repair.
B. ์˜ค์—ผ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์ž ๋ฌผ์† ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์„œ์„œํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค.
As pollution decreased, the number of aquatic organisms gradually recovered. ๐ŸŸ
Answer
ํšŒ๋ณต โ€” ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค means to recover or regain condition.
C. ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ ์ดํ›„ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์ˆฒ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The process of young trees growing again after a wildfire can be seen as forest regeneration. ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
์žฌ์ƒ โ€” ์žฌ์ƒ emphasizes new growth or renewal.
D. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ๋™์‹๋ฌผ๊ณผ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.
Ecosystem function includes the relationships between animals, plants, and the environment working again. โš™๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ€” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ means ecosystem function.
E. ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒํƒœ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํšŒ๋ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
A restoration project is not simple landscaping but a process of recovering ecological function. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ€” The phrase ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ means ecological function.
F. ์Šต์ง€์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ธธ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž‡๋Š” ์ผ์€ ๋ณต์› ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ด๋‹ค.
Reconnecting wetland waterways is part of a restoration process. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
๊ณผ์ • โ€” ๋ณต์› ๊ณผ์ • means restoration process.
G. ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋ฐฉ์น˜๋œ ํ๊ด‘ ์ง€์—ญ๋„ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ƒํƒœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Even a long-abandoned mining area can be ecologically restored through a systematic plan. โ›ฐ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” ๋ณต์›๋˜๋‹ค means to be restored.
H. ๋ณต์› ์ „์—๋Š” ํ›ผ์† ์›์ธ์„ ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Before restoration, the cause of damage must be accurately diagnosed. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์ง„๋‹จ โ€” ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค means to diagnose; it fits analyzing damage causes.
I. ๋ณต์› ํ›„์—๋„ ์‹์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ˆ˜์งˆ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Even after restoration, vegetation change and water quality must continue to be monitored. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๊ด€์ฐฐ โ€” ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to observe/monitor.
J. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์›์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Ecological restoration is difficult to succeed without long-term management. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ means long-term management.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ํ›ผ์†๋œ ํ•˜์ฒœ โ†’ damaged stream
  • ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ โ†’ healthy condition
  • ๋ณต์› โ†’ restoration
  • ์˜ค์—ผ โ†’ pollution
  • ๋ฌผ์† ์ƒ๋ฌผ โ†’ aquatic organism
  • ํšŒ๋ณต๋˜๋‹ค โ†’ to recover
  • ์‚ฐ๋ถˆ โ†’ wildfire
  • ์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด โ†’ young tree
  • ์žฌ์ƒ โ†’ regeneration
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ†’ ecosystem function
  • ์ƒํƒœ์  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ†’ ecological function
  • ์กฐ๊ฒฝ โ†’ landscaping
  • ์Šต์ง€ โ†’ wetland
  • ๋ฌผ๊ธธ โ†’ waterway
  • ๋ณต์› ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ restoration process
  • ํ๊ด‘ ์ง€์—ญ โ†’ abandoned mining area
  • ์ฒด๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๊ณ„ํš โ†’ systematic plan
  • ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to diagnose
  • ์‹์ƒ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ vegetation change
  • ์ˆ˜์งˆ โ†’ water quality
  • ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to observe/monitor
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ long-term management
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Restoration language often moves from ์ง„๋‹จ to ๋ณต์›, then to ๊ด€์ฐฐ and ๊ด€๋ฆฌ.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Biodiversity Outcomes ๐Ÿงฌ

A. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข…์ด ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If diverse species return, biodiversity can be considered to have increased. ๐Ÿฆ‹
Answer
๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ€” ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ is biodiversity.
B. ๋ณต์›๋œ ์Šต์ง€๋Š” ์กฐ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A restored wetland can become an important habitat for birds. ๐Ÿฆ
Answer
์„œ์‹์ง€ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€ means habitat.
C. ๊ณค์ถฉ์ด ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ์‹๋ฌผ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—๋„ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If insects increase, it can positively affect plant pollination. ๐Ÿ
Answer
์ˆ˜๋ถ„ โ€” ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ means pollination in this ecological context.
D. ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ฅ์ด ํฌ๋‹ค.
An ecosystem with high biodiversity has greater resilience against external shocks. ๐ŸŒŠ
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ means resilience or capacity to recover.
E. ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข…์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
An increase in native species helps evaluate the performance of a restoration project. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์„ฑ๊ณผ โ€” ์„ฑ๊ณผ means performance or outcome.
F. ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์—๋งŒ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ข…์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ข…์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅธ๋‹ค.
A species that naturally lives only in one region is called an endemic species. ๐Ÿ๏ธ
Answer
๊ณ ์œ  โ€” ๊ณ ์œ ์ข… means endemic species.
G. ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข…์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ์€ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The spread of invasive species can threaten the survival of native organisms. ๐Ÿ
Answer
์œ„ํ˜‘ โ€” ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค means to threaten.
H. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๋จน์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์•ˆ์ •๋˜๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ข…์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When an ecosystemโ€™s food chain stabilizes, many species can live together. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
์‚ฌ์Šฌ โ€” ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ means food chain.
I. ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ˆฒ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ™œ๋™์ด ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ํ† ์–‘ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋„ ์ข‹์•„์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If microorganism activity becomes active in a restored forest, soil health can also improve. ๐Ÿ„
Answer
๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ โ€” ํ† ์–‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ means soil health.
J. ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์€ ๋ณต์› ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Biodiversity becomes an important indicator for judging restoration success. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
Answer
์ง€ํ‘œ โ€” ์ง€ํ‘œ means indicator.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ข… โ†’ diverse species
  • ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋‹ค โ†’ to return
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ biodiversity
  • ๋ณต์›๋œ ์Šต์ง€ โ†’ restored wetland
  • ์กฐ๋ฅ˜ โ†’ birds
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ habitat
  • ๊ณค์ถฉ โ†’ insect
  • ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ โ†’ pollination
  • ์™ธ๋ถ€ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ โ†’ external shock
  • ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ โ†’ resilience
  • ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… โ†’ native species
  • ์„ฑ๊ณผ โ†’ performance/outcome
  • ๊ณ ์œ ์ข… โ†’ endemic species
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… โ†’ invasive/non-native species
  • ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to threaten
  • ๋จน์ด ์‚ฌ์Šฌ โ†’ food chain
  • ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ โ†’ microorganism
  • ํ† ์–‘ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ฑ โ†’ soil health
  • ์ง€ํ‘œ โ†’ indicator
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Biodiversity is not just a pretty result; it is evidence that ecological relationships are returning.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Habitat, Connectivity, and Protection ๐ŸฆŒ

A. ๋„๋กœ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰œ ์ˆฒ์€ ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A forest divided by roads can suffer from habitat fragmentation. ๐Ÿ›ฃ๏ธ
Answer
๋‹จ์ ˆ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ means habitat fragmentation/disconnection.
B. ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ๋Š” ๋Š์–ด์ง„ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜์ด๋‹ค.
An ecological corridor is a device that reconnects fragmented habitats. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to connect.
C. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™์ด ์‰ฌ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค.
When habitat connectivity increases, wildlife movement becomes easier. ๐Ÿพ
Answer
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ means habitat connectivity.
D. ํฌ๊ท€ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ์ž๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์ •๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
An area where rare plants grow can be designated as a protected area. ๐ŸŒบ
Answer
๊ตฌ์—ญ โ€” ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ means protected area.
E. ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํ›ผ์†๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If habitats are not protected, even a restored ecosystem can be damaged again. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณดํ˜ธ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to protect a habitat.
F. ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์ด๋™ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ข์•„์ง€๋ฉด ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ๋„ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If animalsโ€™ movement range narrows, genetic diversity can also decrease. ๐Ÿ†
Answer
๋ฒ”์œ„ โ€” ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„ means movement range.
G. ํ•˜์ฒœ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์˜ ์™„์ถฉ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์˜ ์œ ์ž…์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A buffer zone around a stream can reduce the inflow of pollutants. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
์ง€๋Œ€ โ€” ์™„์ถฉ ์ง€๋Œ€ means buffer zone.
H. ์Šต์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฉ”์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋ฌผ์ƒˆ์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Development that fills wetlands can destroy water birdsโ€™ habitats. ๐Ÿฆ†
Answer
ํŒŒ๊ดด โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋‹ค means to destroy a habitat.
I. ๋ณต์› ๊ณ„ํš์—๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์„œ์‹์ง€์™€ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A restoration plan should include management of core habitats and surrounding areas. ๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ means management.
J. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Š” ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข…์˜ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค.
Habitat protection is essential for the long-term survival of endangered species. ๐Ÿ…
Answer
์ƒ์กด โ€” ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ƒ์กด means long-term survival.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋„๋กœ โ†’ road
  • ๋‚˜๋‰œ ์ˆฒ โ†’ divided forest
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ โ†’ habitat fragmentation/disconnection
  • ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ โ†’ ecological corridor
  • ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to connect
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ โ†’ habitat connectivity
  • ์•ผ์ƒ๋™๋ฌผ โ†’ wildlife
  • ํฌ๊ท€ ์‹๋ฌผ โ†’ rare plant
  • ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ์—ญ โ†’ protected area
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to protect a habitat
  • ์ด๋™ ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ movement range
  • ์œ ์ „์  ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ genetic diversity
  • ์™„์ถฉ ์ง€๋Œ€ โ†’ buffer zone
  • ์˜ค์—ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ โ†’ pollutant
  • ์Šต์ง€ โ†’ wetland
  • ๋ฌผ์ƒˆ โ†’ water bird
  • ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to destroy
  • ๋ณต์› ๊ณ„ํš โ†’ restoration plan
  • ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ core habitat
  • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ management
  • ๋ฉธ์ข… ์œ„๊ธฐ์ข… โ†’ endangered species
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ์ƒ์กด โ†’ long-term survival
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Habitat vocabulary often uses spatial words: ๋‹จ์ ˆ, ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ, ๋ฒ”์œ„, ์ง€๋Œ€.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Policy, Monitoring, and Long-Term Conservation ๐Ÿ“Š

A. ์ง€์ž์ฒด๋Š” ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The local government conducted an expert survey before carrying out the restoration project. ๐Ÿ“
Answer
์ถ”์ง„ โ€” ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to carry out or promote a project.
B. ๋ณต์› ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข… ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To confirm restoration effects, changes in species must be continuously monitored. ๐Ÿ”ญ
Answer
๊ด€์ฐฐ โ€” ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to observe or monitor.
C. ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋ณต์›์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Water quality improvement can be an important goal of stream restoration. ๐Ÿ’ง
Answer
๊ฐœ์„  โ€” ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๊ฐœ์„  means water quality improvement.
D. ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ธ๋‹ค.
Local residentsโ€™ participation increases the sustainability of a restoration project. ๐Ÿ‘ฅ
Answer
์ฐธ์—ฌ โ€” ์ฐธ์—ฌ means participation.
E. ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์‚ฌํ›„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
To maintain a restored area for a long time, follow-up management is necessary. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ means follow-up management.
F. ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ณผํ•™์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Ecosystem conservation policy must be based on scientific evidence. ๐Ÿ”ฌ
Answer
๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ€” ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ means scientific evidence.
G. ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… ํšŒ๋ณต์„ ๋•๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์ „๋žต์ด๋‹ค.
Invasive species removal is a key strategy that helps native species recover. ๐Ÿ
Answer
์ œ๊ฑฐ โ€” ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ์ œ๊ฑฐ means removal of invasive/non-native species.
H. ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์„ ๋†’์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋‹จ๊ธฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์‹œํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policies to increase biodiversity should value long-term sustainability over short-term results. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ means sustainability.
I. ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์„ฑํŒจ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ ํšŒ๋ณต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The success or failure of a restoration project can be evaluated by whether ecosystem function recovers. โœ…
Answer
ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to evaluate.
J. ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›ผ์†์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If a restored ecosystem is not conserved, the same damage can repeat. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๋ณด์ „ โ€” ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค means to conserve or preserve long-term.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ง€์ž์ฒด โ†’ local government
  • ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—… โ†’ restoration project
  • ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to carry out/promote
  • ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‚ฌ โ†’ expert survey
  • ๋ณต์› ํšจ๊ณผ โ†’ restoration effect
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ข… ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ change in species
  • ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to observe/monitor
  • ์ˆ˜์งˆ ๊ฐœ์„  โ†’ water quality improvement
  • ํ•˜์ฒœ ๋ณต์› โ†’ stream restoration
  • ์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ โ†’ local residents
  • ์ฐธ์—ฌ โ†’ participation
  • ์ง€์† ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ sustainability
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ follow-up management
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณด์ „ ์ •์ฑ… โ†’ ecosystem conservation policy
  • ๊ณผํ•™์  ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ scientific evidence
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ์ œ๊ฑฐ โ†’ invasive species removal
  • ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… ํšŒ๋ณต โ†’ native species recovery
  • ์žฅ๊ธฐ์  โ†’ long-term
  • ์„ฑ๊ณผ โ†’ outcome/result
  • ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to evaluate
  • ๋ณด์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conserve
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Policy sentences love action nouns: ์ถ”์ง„, ๊ด€์ฐฐ, ๊ฐœ์„ , ๊ด€๋ฆฌ, ํ‰๊ฐ€.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค
Fix the academic word choice: to restore an ecosystem. ๐Ÿ› ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” Use ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค for ecological restoration; ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค sounds too casual or mechanical.
B. ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„ํš์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ˆฒ ์žฌ์ƒ ์‚ฌ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋” ์ž์—ฐ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค.
For a planned government project, โ€œforest restoration projectโ€ sounds more natural than โ€œforest regeneration project.โ€ ๐ŸŒฒ
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” A planned project is usually called ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…; natural regrowth is often ์žฌ์ƒ.
C. ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ์ œ๊ฑฐ ํ›„ ํ† ์ฐฉ ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์‹์ƒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If native plants grow again after invasive species removal, it can be called vegetation regeneration. ๐ŸŒฟ
Answer
์žฌ์ƒ โ€” ์‹์ƒ ์žฌ์ƒ fits natural plant regrowth.
D. ๋ณต์›๋œ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Maintaining the value of a restored ecosystem for a long time is ecosystem conservation. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์ „ โ€” ๋ณด์ „ emphasizes long-term conservation.
E. โŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ โœ… ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
Fix the word choice for human residence. ๐Ÿ 
Answer
๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ โ€” ์„œ์‹์ง€ is habitat in ecological contexts; ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ is residence for people.
F. ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ƒํƒœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
To reduce habitat fragmentation, ecological corridors can be created. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
ํ†ต๋กœ โ€” ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ connects habitats and supports movement.
G. ๋ณต์› ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ  ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Do not judge restoration outcomes only by appearance; ecosystem function must be checked. โš™๏ธ
Answer
๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ€” A restored place should regain ecological function, not just look green.
H. ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์„์ˆ˜๋ก ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ฅ๋„ ์ปค์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The higher biodiversity is, the greater ecosystem resilience can become. ๐ŸŒŠ
Answer
๋ณต์› โ€” ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ means resilience or recovery capacity.
I. ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข…์˜ ์ƒ์กด์„ ์œ„ํ˜‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์ข…์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ข…์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
A species that threatens native speciesโ€™ survival may be an invasive species. ๐Ÿ
Answer
์™ธ๋ž˜ โ€” ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… can mean non-native or invasive species depending on context.
J. ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—…์€ ์™„๋ฃŒ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์™€ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Even after completion, a restoration project needs continuous monitoring and management. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๊ด€์ฐฐ โ€” ๊ด€์ฐฐ here means monitoring; restoration is a long-term process.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ณต์›ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to restore an ecosystem
  • ๊ณ ์น˜๋‹ค โ†’ to fix; too casual/mechanical for this context
  • ์ •๋ถ€ โ†’ government
  • ๋ณต์› ์‚ฌ์—… โ†’ restoration project
  • ์žฌ์ƒ โ†’ regeneration
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… ์ œ๊ฑฐ โ†’ invasive species removal
  • ํ† ์ฐฉ ์‹๋ฌผ โ†’ native plant
  • ์‹์ƒ ์žฌ์ƒ โ†’ vegetation regeneration
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณด์ „ โ†’ ecosystem conservation
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ โ†’ habitat
  • ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ์ง€ โ†’ human residence
  • ์„œ์‹์ง€ ๋‹จ์ ˆ โ†’ habitat fragmentation/disconnection
  • ์ƒํƒœ ํ†ต๋กœ โ†’ ecological corridor
  • ๋ณต์› ์„ฑ๊ณผ โ†’ restoration outcome
  • ๊ฒ‰๋ชจ์Šต โ†’ outward appearance
  • ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ โ†’ ecosystem function
  • ์ƒ๋ฌผ ๋‹ค์–‘์„ฑ โ†’ biodiversity
  • ๋ณต์›๋ ฅ โ†’ resilience
  • ํ† ์ฐฉ์ข… โ†’ native species
  • ์™ธ๋ž˜์ข… โ†’ invasive/non-native species
  • ๊ด€์ฐฐ โ†’ observation/monitoring
  • ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ management
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol rule: choose ๋ณต์› for planned repair, ์žฌ์ƒ for regrowth, ํšŒ๋ณต for regained condition, and ๋ณด์ „ for long-term conservation.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” your ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„ ๋ณต์› vocabulary now has roots, corridors, indicators, and enough biodiversity to throw a tiny academic forest party. ๐ŸŒฟ๐Ÿฆ‹