๐Ÿ“ฑ

Discussing the Impact of Technology on Daily Life

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Keywords
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Speaking
๐Ÿ’ป
Technology Impact
Discuss how technology is reshaping society, work, and daily life in Korean.
๐Ÿ”Š
Iru Helper Note
Technology vocabulary is heavily borrowed from English in Korean, but the discourse around technology's social impact uses rich native Korean framing. Both are essential.
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”?
(How is technology changing our lives?)
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๐Ÿ’ป What You'll Learn Today

Technology is reshaping every aspect of modern life โ€” and Koreans talk about this constantly, from dinner conversations to workplace discussions. This lesson focuses on how to discuss the impact (์˜ํ–ฅ) of technology on society, relationships, and work in Korean. You'll learn to express both the benefits and concerns that come with rapid technological change, using language that sounds thoughtful and engaged.

๐Ÿ“Œ Technology Impact Vocabulary

Expression
Meaning
Notes
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „
Advancement of technology
๋ฐœ์ „ = development/progress
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค
To have an impact on
์˜ํ–ฅ = influence/impact
ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค
To become more convenient
ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค = convenient
์˜์กดํ•˜๋‹ค
To depend on / rely on
์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค = high dependence
์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‹ค
The way of communicating changes
์†Œํ†ต = communication
์ •๋ณด์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋‹ค
To access information
์ ‘๊ทผ = approach/access
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ
Side effect / downside
๋ถ€ = negative; ์ž‘์šฉ = effect
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ
Personal information protection
Privacy concerns
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ
Digital divide
๊ฒฉ์ฐจ = gap/divide
์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„
Smartphone dependency
Major modern concern
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค
To impact human relationships
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„ = human relationships
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค
Efficiency increases
ํšจ์œจ = efficiency
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„
The pace of technological advancement
์†๋„ = speed/pace
์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
Has two sides / is a double-edged sword
์–‘๋ฉด = two faces/sides
๐Ÿ’ก Key pattern: [Technology] + ์ด/๊ฐ€ + [society/life] + ์— + ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” โ€” "~ is having an impact on ~." This is the core technology impact sentence frame in Korean.

๐Ÿ’ฌ Conversations in Action

Dialogue 1 โ€” Daily Life
A: ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์ •๋ง ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (Smartphones are really having a big impact on our daily lives.)
B: ๋งž์•„์š”. ์ƒํ™œ์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (Right. Life has become more convenient, but I think we've become too dependent.)
A: ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (It seems to affect human relationships too.)
B: ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ . ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (Right. It seems like technology has two sides.)
Dialogue 2 โ€” Work and Efficiency
A: ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”. (Thanks to advances in technology, work efficiency has increased.)
B: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ . ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋“ ๊ฐ€์š”. (But there are also side effects. Like personal information protection issues.)
A: ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”. ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. (The digital divide is also a problem. Not everyone can have the same access.)
B: ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (I think the problem is that the pace of technological advancement is too fast.)

๐ŸŒ Cultural Note โ€” Korea as a Tech-Forward Nation

South Korea is one of the most connected countries on earth โ€” with some of the fastest internet speeds, highest smartphone penetration rates, and a culture deeply embedded with digital tools. This means conversations about technology's impact are highly relevant and personal. Koreans discuss ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„ (smartphone dependency) extensively; it's even discussed in school curricula and health campaigns. Using terms like ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ and ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ signals awareness of technology's broader social dimensions โ€” always impressive in conversation.

<summary>Try This Speaking Exercise
Practice discussing technology's impact in Korean.
A. Say technology is having a big impact using ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค.
<summary>Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (Technology is having a big impact on our society.)
</summary>
B. Say life has become more convenient.
<summary>Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ƒํ™œ์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”. (Thanks to technology, life has become more convenient.)
</summary>
C. Express concern about dependence.
<summary>Answer
์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (I think smartphone dependency has become too high.)
</summary>
D. Mention a side effect using ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ.
<summary>Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (There are also side effects to technological advancement.)
</summary>
E. Raise a privacy concern.
<summary>Answer
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (Personal information protection is becoming increasingly important.)
</summary>
F. Discuss the digital divide.
<summary>Answer
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (If the digital divide grows, it could become a problem.)
</summary>
G. Say efficiency has increased.
<summary>Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”. (Thanks to technology, work efficiency has increased.)
</summary>
H. Say technology has two sides.
<summary>Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (Technology has two sides. There are pros and cons.)
</summary>
I. Say the pace of change is too fast.
<summary>Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (I think the pace of technological advancement is too fast.)
</summary>
J. Ask how technology is changing our lives.
<summary>Answer
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”? (How is technology changing our lives?)
</summary>
๐Ÿ“š
Expression Reference
Expression
Nuance/Key
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค
To have an impact
ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค
To become convenient
์˜์กดํ•˜๋‹ค/์˜์กด๋„
To depend / dependency level
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ
Side effect / downside
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ
Privacy protection
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ
Digital divide
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค
Efficiency increases
์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
Has two sides
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„
Pace of tech advancement
์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‹ค
Way of communicating changes
๐Ÿ’ก
Tip: ๋•๋ถ„์— vs. ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— again
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ƒํ™œ์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š” = thanks to technology, life became convenient (positive). ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š” = because of technology, dependence increased (negative/neutral). Use ๋•๋ถ„์— for tech benefits, ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— for tech problems โ€” the distinction matters in nuanced discussion.
</summary>

๐Ÿ”
Want more reps?
Think of one technology that's had the biggest impact on your life. Describe it using ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค, ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค, and ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค โ€” a pro, a con, and your overall take. Three sentences is enough to make a complete, thoughtful argument in Korean.
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๐Ÿ“ฆ Practice Hub โ€” Technology Impact


Exercise 1 โ€” Choose the Right Expression

A. You want to say technology has an impact: (a) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์š” (b) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์š” (c) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—†์–ด์š”
<summary>Answer
(a) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์š” โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค = to have an impact.
B. You want to say life has become more convenient: (a) ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š” (b) ์ƒํ™œ์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š” (c) ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”
<summary>Answer
(b) ์ƒํ™œ์ด ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š” โ€” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค = to become convenient.
C. You want to say someone is dependent on smartphones: (a) ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฎ์•„์š” (b) ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ์„ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•ˆ ์จ์š” (c) ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์š”
<summary>Answer
(c) ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์š” โ€” ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค = high dependency.
D. You want to mention a side effect: (a) ์ด๊ฑด ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์—†์–ด์š” (b) ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” (c) ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์ด ์ข‹์•„์š”
<summary>Answer
(b) ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” โ€” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ = side effect/downside.
E. You want to raise a privacy concern: (a) ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š” (b) ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ด์š” (c) ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์–ด์š”
<summary>Answer
(a) ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š” โ€” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ = personal information protection.
F. You want to say technology has two sides: (a) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฉด๋งŒ ์žˆ์–ด์š” (b) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š” (c) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ๋‚˜์˜๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด์š”
<summary>Answer
(b) ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š” โ€” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ = having two sides.
G. You want to say efficiency increased: (a) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์กŒ์–ด์š” (b) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š” (c) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ์—†์–ด์กŒ์–ด์š”
<summary>Answer
(b) ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š” โ€” ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค = to become higher.
H. You want to discuss the digital divide: (a) ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š” (b) ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š” (c) ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„์š”
<summary>Answer
(a) ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š” โ€” ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ = gap/divide.
I. You want to say the pace of advancement is too fast: (a) ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋А๋ ค์š” (b) ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ผ์š” (c) ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋ฉˆ์ท„์–ด์š”
<summary>Answer
(b) ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ผ์š” โ€” ์†๋„ = speed/pace.
J. You want to say the way of communicating has changed: (a) ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š” (b) ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜ˆ์š” (c) ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์—†์–ด์š”
<summary>Answer
(a) ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š” โ€” ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹ = the way of communicating.
๐Ÿ“š
Quick Reference
Expression
Meaning
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค
To have an impact
ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค
To become convenient
์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’๋‹ค
High dependency
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ
Side effect
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ
Privacy protection
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ
Digital divide
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค
Efficiency increases
์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
Has two sides
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„
Pace of tech advancement
์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‹ค
Way of communicating changes
๐Ÿšจ
Pitfall: ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค vs. ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค
์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค = to have an impact ON something (active): ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์š” (technology impacts society). ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›๋‹ค = to be impacted BY something (passive): ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์š” (society is impacted by technology). The direction is reversed โ€” choose based on what's doing the affecting vs. what's being affected.

Exercise 2 โ€” Korean โ†’ English Translation

A. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ํฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
Technology is having a big impact on our human relationships.
B. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ •๋ณด์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฌ์›Œ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
Thanks to smartphones, it has become easier to access information.
C. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
<summary>Answer
But I think smartphone dependency has become too high.
D. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์žฅ์ ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
Technology has two sides. There are pros and there are cons.
E. ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
Personal information protection is becoming increasingly important.
F. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์ด ์‹ฌํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
If the digital divide grows, social inequality could worsen.
G. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
<summary>Answer
I think the problem is that the pace of technological advancement is too fast.
H. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
Thanks to technology, work efficiency has increased a lot.
I. ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‹ค ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
The way we communicate has completely changed. Now everything is done online.
J. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณธ ์  ์žˆ์–ด์š”?
<summary>Answer
Have you ever thought about how technology is changing our lives?
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Cheat Sheet
Word
Meaning
์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„
Human relationships
์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋‹ค
To access, to approach
์žฅ์ 
Pros, advantages
๋‹จ์ 
Cons, disadvantages
๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ
Inequality
์‹ฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค
To worsen, to intensify
์†๋„
Speed, pace
์†Œํ†ต
Communication
ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ
Efficiency
์˜์กด๋„
Level of dependence
๐Ÿ’ก
Grammar Tip: ~์•„/์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” = "I think dependence has become too high." The ~์•„/์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š” pattern expresses a change that has already occurred and a judgment about it. It's softer than stating it as a fact, and sounds thoughtfully observational rather than critical.

Exercise 3 โ€” Complete the Sentence

A. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ํฐ ___ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (Technology is having a big impact on our society.)
<summary>Answer
์˜ํ–ฅ โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค.
B. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ƒํ™œ์ด ___ ํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”. (Thanks to smartphones, life has become more convenient.)
<summary>Answer
ํŽธ๋ฆฌ โ€” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
C. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ___ ์—๋Š” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (There are also side effects to technological advancement.)
<summary>Answer
๋ฐœ์ „ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์—๋Š”.
D. ___ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (Personal information protection is becoming increasingly important.)
<summary>Answer
๊ฐœ์ธ โ€” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ.
E. ___ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์š”. (If the digital divide grows, it becomes a problem.)
<summary>Answer
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ โ€” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ.
F. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ___ ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์ข‹์€ ๋ฉด๋„ ๋‚˜์œ ๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. (Technology has two sides. There are good and bad sides.)
<summary>Answer
์–‘๋ฉด โ€” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
G. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ์—…๋ฌด ___ ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”. (Thanks to technology, work efficiency has increased.)
<summary>Answer
ํšจ์œจ โ€” ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
H. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ___ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (I think smartphone dependency has become too high.)
<summary>Answer
์˜์กด โ€” ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
I. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ___ ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”. (I think the pace of technological advancement is too fast.)
<summary>Answer
์†๋„ โ€” ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
J. ___ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. (The way of communicating has completely changed.)
<summary>Answer
์†Œํ†ต โ€” ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Sentence Starters
Starter
Use for
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ~์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Impact statement
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ~์ด/๊ฐ€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”
Benefit statement
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Introducing a downside
~์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
Concern about dependency
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Privacy concern
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”
Digital divide concern
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Balanced assessment
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ผ์š”
Concern about pace
๐Ÿ’ก
Production Tip
A complete technology impact argument: (1) state the impact with ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ~์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š” (2) give a benefit with ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ~์ด/๊ฐ€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š” (3) give a concern with ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” (4) balance it with ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. This 4-step structure is complete, balanced, and sounds mature in Korean.

Exercise 4 โ€” Dialogue Completion

A. A: ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ƒํ™œ์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์ณ์š”? B: ์ƒํ™œ์ด ๋งŽ์ด ___ ํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
ํŽธ๋ฆฌ โ€” ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”.
B. A: ๋‹จ์ ์€ ์—†์–ด์š”? B: ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ___ ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
<summary>Answer
์˜์กด โ€” ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
C. A: ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด๋Š”์š”? B: ___ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
๊ฐœ์ธ โ€” ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ.
D. A: ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”. B: ๋งž์•„์š”, ___ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”.
<summary>Answer
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ โ€” ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ.
E. A: ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์žฅ์ ๋„ ๋งŽ์ฃ ? B: ๋„ค, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ___ ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
์–‘๋ฉด โ€” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
F. A: ์—…๋ฌด ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€์š”? B: ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ___ ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
ํšจ์œจ โ€” ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์•„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
G. A: ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋ณ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”? B: ๋งž์•„์š”, ___ ๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
<summary>Answer
์†๋„ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
H. A: ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์ฃ ? B: ๋„ค, ___ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
์†Œํ†ต โ€” ์†Œํ†ต ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์–ด์š”.
I. A: ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋„ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‚˜์š”? B: ๋„ค, ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋„ ___ ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
์˜ํ–ฅ โ€” ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
J. A: ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‚˜๋น ์š”? B: ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ___ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋А๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
<summary>Answer
์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
๐Ÿ“š
Useful Phrases
Phrase
Use
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ~์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค
Impact statement
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ~์ด/๊ฐ€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๋‹ค
Tech benefit
๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ๋‹ค
There are also downsides
์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์•„์ง€๋‹ค
Dependency grows
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ
Privacy issue
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ
Digital divide
์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค
Has two sides
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋А๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค
Depends on how you use it
๐Ÿ’ก
Conversation Tip
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋А๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์š” (it depends on how you use it) is a perfect closing line for any technology debate in Korean. It's balanced, thoughtful, and avoids taking an extreme position โ€” which is valued in Korean social discourse. Use it to wrap up pros/cons discussions gracefully.

Exercise 5 โ€” Free Speaking Practice

A. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋””์˜ˆ์š”? (What area of your daily life is most impacted by technology?)
<summary>Starter
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ œ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€... (The area of my daily life most impacted by technology is...)
B. ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”? ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”? (Do you think smartphone dependency is too high? How could you reduce it?)
<summary>Starter
์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ ์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€... ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด... (Smartphone dependency... To reduce it...)
C. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ๊ณผ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ๋ญ์˜ˆ์š”? (What is the biggest pro and con of technology?)
<summary>Starter
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์žฅ์ ์€... ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ ์€... (The biggest pro of technology is... But the con is...)
D. ๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”? ๊ฑฑ์ •๋ผ์š”? (What do you think about personal information protection? Are you worried?)
<summary>Starter
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋Š”... ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด... (Personal information protection... Because...)
E. ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”? (What do you think needs to be done to solve the digital divide?)
<summary>Starter
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด... (To solve the digital divide...)
F. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋‚˜๋น ์š”? (Is the impact of technology on human relationships good or bad?)
<summary>Starter
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ธ๊ฐ„๊ด€๊ณ„์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ์€... ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ... (The impact of technology on human relationships... Because technology has two sides...)
G. ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”? ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”? (Do you think Korea is a country with fast technological advancement? Are there good points?)
<summary>Starter
ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๋Š”... ์ข‹์€ ์ ์€... (Korea's pace of technological advancement... The good points are...)
H. AI๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ง์—…์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณต๋ถ€์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”? (How do you think AI will impact your job or studies?)
<summary>Starter
AI๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์ผ/๊ณต๋ถ€์— ๋ฏธ์น  ์˜ํ–ฅ์€... ์ข‹์€ ๋ฉด๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ... (The impact AI will have on my work/studies is... There are good sides, but...)
I. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋น ๋ฅด๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”? ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค์–ด์š”? (Do you think the pace of technological advancement is too fast? Is it hard to keep up?)
<summary>Starter
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€... ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ... (The pace of technological advancement... keeping up...)
J. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฑด์ง€ ๋‚˜์œ ๊ฑด์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฐ๋ก  ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”? (How can you conclude whether technology is good or bad?)
<summary>Starter
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋А๋ƒ์—... (Technology has two sides. In the end, it depends on how you use it...)
๐Ÿ“š
Sentence Starters
Opener
For
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ~์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Impact statement
๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋•๋ถ„์— ~์ด/๊ฐ€ ํŽธ๋ฆฌํ•ด์กŒ์–ด์š”
Benefit
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Introducing concern
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Balanced conclusion
~์˜์กด๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋†’์•„์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”
Dependency concern
๊ฐœ์ธ ์ •๋ณด ๋ณดํ˜ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Privacy concern
๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ˆ์š”
Digital divide concern
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋А๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์š”
Balanced closing
๐Ÿ’ก
Speaking Challenge
Build a 90-second technology impact argument: (1) pick one technology (2) use ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋‹ค to state its impact (3) give one benefit with ๋•๋ถ„์— (4) give one concern with ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š” (5) close with ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ์–‘๋ฉด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์š”. ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ๋А๋ƒ์— ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์–ด์š”. Can you hit all 5 points in 90 seconds?
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ ๊นŠ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”! โœจ
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