⚖️

Depending on: -기에 달려 있다

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Built
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Keywords
달려 있다
Lesson #
S
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Section
Advanced Grammar
🚀
Want more reps? Visit the Practice Hub when you're ready! You’re about to make “it depends” sound polished, not wobbly. ⚖️✨

Try this exercise
Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best form of today’s “depends on” pattern. Focus on whether the sentence needs -기에 달려 있다, -에 달려 있다, or a clearer -느냐에 달려 있다 structure.
  1. 보고서의 설득력은 자료를 정확히 분석하____.
(The persuasiveness of the report depends on how accurately the data is analyzed. 📊)
Answer
기에 달려 있어요분석하다 is an action verb, so 분석하기에 달려 있어요 is natural.
  1. 회의 분위기는 사회자가 질문을 어떻게 던지____.
(The meeting atmosphere depends on how the moderator asks questions. 🎤)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있어요어떻게 pairs clearly with -느냐에 달려 있다.
  1. 팀의 신뢰는 약속을 꾸준히 지키____.
(The team’s trust depends on consistently keeping promises. 🤝)
Answer
기에 달려 있어요지키다 becomes 지키기에 달려 있어요.
  1. 발표의 효과는 목소리의 속도____.
(The effect of the presentation depends on the speed of the voice. 🗣️)
Answer
에 달려 있어요목소리의 속도 is a noun phrase, so use N에 달려 있다.
  1. 자료의 가치는 연구자가 그것을 어떻게 활용하____.
(The value of the materials depends on how the researcher uses them. 🧪)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있어요어떻게 활용하느냐에 달려 있어요 states “how one uses it” clearly.
  1. 새 정책의 반응은 시민들에게 얼마나 쉽게 설명하____.
(The response to the new policy depends on how easily it is explained to citizens. 🏛️)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있어요얼마나 쉽게 naturally leads to 설명하느냐에 달려 있어요.
  1. 면접 결과는 답변의 구체성____.
(The interview result depends on the specificity of the answers. 💼)
Answer
에 달려 있어요구체성 is a noun, so use 구체성에 달려 있어요.
  1. 갈등 해결은 서로의 말을 끝까지 듣____.
(Conflict resolution depends on listening to each other until the end. 🕊️)
Answer
기에 달려 있어요듣다 becomes 듣기에 달려 있어요.
  1. 학습의 깊이는 질문을 얼마나 날카롭게 만들____.
(The depth of learning depends on how sharply one creates questions. 🔍)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있어요얼마나 calls for 만드느냐에 달려 있어요.
  1. 협상의 성패는 상대의 우려를 진지하게 받아들이____.
(The success or failure of the negotiation depends on taking the other side’s concerns seriously. ⚖️)
Answer
기에 달려 있어요받아들이다 becomes 받아들이기에 달려 있어요.
Vocabulary + pattern box 📦
  • 설득력 → persuasiveness
  • 분석하다 → to analyze
  • 사회자 → moderator
  • 질문을 던지다 → to pose a question
  • 신뢰 → trust
  • 지키다 → to keep / protect
  • 활용하다 → to use / utilize
  • 갈등 해결 → conflict resolution
  • 받아들이다 → to accept / take in
Tips 💡
  • Verb action? Try -기에 달려 있다.
  • Noun factor? Use N에 달려 있다.
  • 어떻게 or 얼마나? -느냐에 달려 있다 often sounds clearest.
You now have a strong “it depends” tool for polished Korean analysis. Use it to point at the real deciding factor, and your sentences will feel sharper than a freshly honed pencil. ✏️⚖️
  • 좋은 글은 쓰기에 나름이다. → ✅ 좋은 글은 쓰기 나름이다. (-기 나름이다 does not use .)
  • 사람은 날씨하기에 달려 있다. → ✅ 기분은 날씨에 달려 있다. (Use N에 달려 있다 for noun factors like weather.)
  • 그 문제는 해결하기에 달렸다. → ✅ 그 문제의 결과는 어떻게 해결하느냐에 달려 있다. (Make the outcome and deciding factor clear.)
  • 성공은 노력하기 달려 있다. → ✅ 성공은 노력하기에 달려 있다. (Do not drop after -기.)
  • 결과는 열심히에 달려 있다. → ✅ 결과는 얼마나 열심히 하느냐에 달려 있다. (Use a full “how much one does” clause, not just an adverb.)

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • 좌우되다 (to be influenced/determined by): formal/written; use when a factor strongly determines an outcome.
  • -기 나름이다 (it depends on how one does it): more conversational, often advice-like.
  • -느냐에 달려 있다 (depends on whether/how): very clear, often used when presenting alternatives or degree.
  • -에 달려 있다 (depends on a noun/factor): neutral and direct.
  • -기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one does something): polished, analytical, often written or formal.

🪞 Synonym Alert

The forms and usage of 달려 있다, -기 nominalization, and related sentence patterns were checked against Korean usage references including korean.go.kr. ✅

📚 Cross-check note

  • 연습량연습량에 달려 있다 (depends on the amount of practice)
  • 태도태도에 달려 있다 (depends on attitude)

Noun + 에 달려 있다

  • 설명하다설명하기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one explains)
  • 관리하다관리하기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one manages)
  • 선택하다선택하기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one chooses)
  • 노력하다노력하기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one makes an effort)
Examples:
  • Conjugate 있다 if needed: 달려 있어요 (depends), 달려 있습니다 (formally depends), 달려 있었다 (depended).
  • Add 기에 달려 있다.
  • Remove from the dictionary form.

Action verb stem + 기에 달려 있다

🧩 General Formation Rule

  • 🌱 이 제도가 자리 잡을지는 시민들이 얼마나 꾸준히 참여하느냐에 달려 있다.
    • (Whether this system takes root depends on how consistently citizens participate.)
    • 제도 = system; 자리 잡다 = to become established; 참여하다 = to participate.
  • 🧠 같은 조언도 듣는 사람이 어떻게 받아들이기에 달려 있다.
    • (Even the same advice depends on how the listener accepts it.)
    • 조언 = advice; 받아들이다 = to accept / take in.
  • ⚙️ 프로젝트의 성패는 팀이 초기에 방향을 잘 잡기에 달려 있다.
    • (The success or failure of the project depends on how well the team sets its direction early.)
    • 성패 = success or failure; 초기 = early stage; 방향을 잡다 = to set a direction.

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

  • 쓰기 나름이에요. (It depends on how you use it.)
  • 말하기 나름이에요. (It depends on how you say it.)
-기 나름이다 means “it depends on how one does it.” It sounds more conversational and flexible than -기에 달려 있다.

4. Friendly cousin: V-기 나름이다

This version is especially clear when you want to spell out the “how” question.
  • 어떻게 받아들이느냐에 달려 있다 (depends on how one accepts it)
  • 얼마나 꾸준히 노력하느냐에 달려 있다 (depends on how consistently one makes an effort)

3. 얼마나 / 어떻게 V-느냐에 달려 있다 — depends on how much / how

This is the noun-based version. It is shorter and more direct.
  • 성공은 꾸준함에 달려 있다. (Success depends on consistency.)
  • 결과는 준비에 달려 있다. (The result depends on preparation.)

2. N에 달려 있다 — depends on a noun/factor

Use this with action verbs. The action becomes the deciding factor.
  • 활용하다활용하기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one uses something)
  • 생각하다생각하기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one thinks)
  • 준비하다준비하기에 달려 있다 (depends on how one prepares)

1. V-기에 달려 있다 — depends on how someone does something

🎨 The Core -기에 달려 있다 Family

This pattern often sounds reflective: it does not just say “A depends on B”; it suggests the speaker is identifying the factor that will decide the outcome. That is why it fits essays, coaching, analysis, and polished speech beautifully. ⚖️
-기에 달려 있다 is useful when the “condition” is not just a noun, but an action or approach: how someone thinks, prepares, chooses, handles, accepts, manages, or practices.
달리다 can mean “to be attached/hung on” in this grammar family, so 달려 있다 gives the feeling that one result is hanging from one key condition. In English, we often translate it as “depends on.”

🌈 The Big Picture

Use Korean Helper Widgets while practicing. You can type any Korean word or sentence into the widget to hear it read aloud and check the rhythm of formal sentence endings like 달려 있다 (to depend on).

🎧 Iru Helper Note

  • ✍️ For advanced writing, compare it with -에 달려 있다 (depends on a noun), -느냐에 달려 있다 (depends on whether/how), and -기 나름이다 (it depends on how one does it).
  • 🧠 Attach -기에 to a verb stem, then add 달려 있다 (to depend on / to hang on).
  • ⚖️ -기에 달려 있다 means “depends on how / whether / the way someone does…” and points to the deciding factor.

TL;DR 🦄

🧭
Advanced focus: -기에 달려 있다 sounds thoughtful and slightly formal. It is great for advice, analysis, essays, interviews, and serious explanations.
⚖️
Depending on -기에 달려 있다 ⚖️
Use this pattern when an outcome hangs on how someone does something, how much effort goes in, or how a situation is handled.
🎯
TL;DR 🦄
  • 🧭 -기에 달려 있다 means it depends on how/what someone does.
  • ⚖️ It connects an outcome to a controlling action or attitude: 성공은 준비하기에 달려 있어요 = Success depends on how you prepare.
  • 🔍 It is close to -느냐에 달려 있다 and -는지에 달려 있다, but -기에 달려 있다 feels compact, proverb-like, and often emphasizes the way someone handles something.
🔊
🎧 Iru Helper Note — Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear 준비하기에 달려 있어요 (it depends on preparing / how one prepares), 생각하기에 달려 있어요 (it depends on how one thinks), and 대처하기에 달려 있어요 (it depends on how one responds). Type any Korean sentence into Korean Helper Widgets to hear it read aloud.
 

🌈 The Big Picture

달려 있다 literally has the image of something “hanging on” something else. In grammar, it means to depend on / to be determined by.
 
-기에 달려 있다 says that the result is attached to how someone does an action. It is not just a random condition; it points to the key factor that controls the outcome.
 
Think:
  • The result depends on how you prepare.
  • The atmosphere depends on how people communicate.
  • The outcome depends on how quickly the team responds.
 
This pattern often sounds reflective, motivational, or analytical. It fits advice, coaching, evaluations, strategy talk, and thoughtful statements about what controls success.

🎨 The Core -기에 달려 있다 Family

1. Action verb stem + -기에 달려 있다

Use this when the result depends on how an action is done.
  • 준비하다 → 준비하기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone prepares
  • 대처하다 → 대처하기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone responds
  • 활용하다 → 활용하기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone uses something
  • 설명하다 → 설명하기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone explains
 

2. Thinking or attitude verbs are very natural

This pattern often pairs beautifully with mental-action verbs.
  • 생각하다 → 생각하기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone thinks
  • 받아들이다 → 받아들이기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone accepts something
  • 바라보다 → 바라보기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone views something
  • 판단하다 → 판단하기에 달려 있다 — to depend on how someone judges
 

3. Outcome noun + 은/는 + action + -기에 달려 있다

A common sentence shape is:
결과/성공/분위기/효과는 A하기에 달려 있다.
 
Examples:
  • 결과는 우리가 어떻게 준비하기에 달려 있어요.
    • The result depends on how we prepare. 📋
  • 분위기는 서로 어떻게 말하기에 달려 있어요.
    • The atmosphere depends on how people speak to each other. 💬
 

4. Add 어떻게, 얼마나, or 제대로 for natural precision

These words often make the sentence smoother:
  • 어떻게 — how
  • 얼마나 — how much / how
  • 제대로 — properly
  • 빠르게 — quickly

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

1. Preparation controls the result
  • 시험 결과는 얼마나 꾸준히 준비하기에 달려 있어요.
    • The test result depends on how consistently you prepare. 📝
      시험 결과 = test result; 얼마나 = how much/how; 꾸준히 = consistently; 준비하다 = to prepare.
 
2. Response controls the situation
  • 문제가 커질지는 우리가 빠르게 대처하기에 달려 있어요.
    • Whether the problem grows depends on how quickly we respond. 🚨
      문제 = problem; 커지다 = to grow/get bigger; 빠르게 = quickly; 대처하다 = to respond/cope.
 
3. Perspective controls the meaning
  • 같은 경험도 어떻게 바라보기에 달려 있어요.
    • Even the same experience depends on how you view it. 🔍
      같은 = same; 경험 = experience; 바라보다 = to view/look at.

🧩 General Formation Rule

1. Verb stem + -기 + 에 달려 있다

The core structure is:
Verb stem + 기에 달려 있다
 
Examples:
  • 준비하다 → 준비하기에 달려 있다 — depends on preparing / how one prepares
  • 생각하다 → 생각하기에 달려 있다 — depends on thinking / how one thinks
  • 말하다 → 말하기에 달려 있다 — depends on speaking / how one speaks
  • 사용하다 → 사용하기에 달려 있다 — depends on using / how one uses
 

2. The verb before -기 stays in dictionary-stem form

Do not add tense before -기에 in this pattern.
  • 준비하기에 달려 있다
  • 준비했기에 달려 있다
 

3. Use 어떻게 when the “how” meaning needs to be explicit

Many sentences sound more natural with 어떻게:
  • 성공은 어떻게 준비하기에 달려 있어요.
    • Success depends on how one prepares.
  • 평가는 어떻게 설명하기에 달려 있어요.
    • The evaluation depends on how one explains it.
 

4. 달려 있다 spacing

Write it with a space:
  • 달려 있다
  • 달려있다
 
The spelling matters because 있다 follows the verb form 달려.

📚 Cross-check note

Usage and spacing were checked against korean.go.kr: National Institute of Korean Language examples include 그의 결정에 달려 있다 and guidance on writing 달려 있다 with spacing. This lesson applies the same “depends on” meaning to the learner pattern -기에 달려 있다. ✅

🪞 Synonym Alert

These expressions all mean “depends on,” but they focus differently:
  • -기에 달려 있다 — depends on how someone does/handles something; compact and reflective
  • -느냐에 달려 있다 — depends on whether/how; very explicit question-like structure
  • -는지에 달려 있다 — depends on whether/how; natural and flexible
  • 명사에 달려 있다 — depends on a noun factor
  • -기 나름이다 — it is up to how someone does it; more idiomatic and often conversational
 
Quick distinction:
  • 성공은 준비에 달려 있어요. — Success depends on preparation. Noun focus.
  • 성공은 얼마나 준비하느냐에 달려 있어요. — Success depends on how much one prepares. Explicit question-style focus.
  • 성공은 어떻게 준비하기에 달려 있어요. — Success depends on how one prepares. Compact action-handling focus.
  • 성공은 준비하기 나름이에요. — Success is up to how one prepares. Idiomatic “it depends on how you do it.”

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • 준비했기에 달려 있어요 → ✅ 준비하기에 달려 있어요 (use -기, not past tense).
  • 달려있다 → ✅ 달려 있다 (keep the space).
  • ❌ Using it for a random cause → ✅ Use it for the factor that controls the outcome.
  • ❌ Forgetting the outcome noun → ✅ Say what depends on the action: 결과는, 성공은, 분위기는.
  • ❌ For a simple noun factor, forcing -기에 → ✅ use 명사에 달려 있다: 결정에 달려 있어요.
 
🧭 Bottom line: -기에 달려 있다 is the “the outcome hangs on how you handle it” pattern. It is perfect for strategy, advice, mindset, teamwork, and any moment where the result is not fixed yet. ⚖️✨
 

Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best -기에 달려 있다 form. Focus on the action that controls the result.
1. 성공은 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Success depends on how you prepare. 📋
Answer
준비하기에준비하다 (to prepare) becomes 준비하기에.
2. 분위기는 서로 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
The atmosphere depends on how people speak to each other. 💬
Answer
말하기에말하다 (to speak) becomes 말하기에.
3. 결과는 자료를 얼마나 잘 ____ 달려 있어요.
The result depends on how well you analyze the data. 📊
Answer
분석하기에분석하다 (to analyze) becomes 분석하기에.
4. 문제가 커질지는 빠르게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Whether the problem grows depends on how quickly you respond. 🚨
Answer
대처하기에대처하다 (to respond/cope) becomes 대처하기에.
5. 효과는 도구를 제대로 ____ 달려 있어요.
The effect depends on how properly you use the tool. 🛠️
Answer
사용하기에사용하다 (to use) becomes 사용하기에.
6. 평가는 내용을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
The evaluation depends on how you explain the content. 🧑‍🏫
Answer
설명하기에설명하다 (to explain) becomes 설명하기에.
7. 가능성은 상황을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
The possibility depends on how you judge the situation. ⚖️
Answer
판단하기에판단하다 (to judge) becomes 판단하기에.
8. 의미는 경험을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
The meaning depends on how you view the experience. 🔍
Answer
바라보기에바라보다 (to view) becomes 바라보기에.
9. 협력은 서로의 의견을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Cooperation depends on how people accept each other’s opinions. 🤝
Answer
받아들이기에받아들이다 (to accept) becomes 받아들이기에.
10. 변화는 문제를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Change depends on how you solve the problem. 🧩
Answer
해결하기에해결하다 (to solve) becomes 해결하기에.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 성공 → success
  • 분위기 → atmosphere
  • 결과 → result
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 대처하다 → to respond/cope
  • 효과 → effect
  • 평가 → evaluation
  • 판단하다 → to judge
Tip 💡 The action before -기에 is the lever that controls the outcome.

🚀
Want more reps? Keep going into the Practice Hub below for outcome-control sentences, spacing checks, and comparison drills. 🧭
 
📦
🎯 Practice Hub — Depending on: -기에 달려 있다
 
Welcome to the “what does the outcome hang on?” lab. 🧭 You’ll practice linking results to the actions, attitudes, and responses that control them. This pattern is especially useful when you want to sound thoughtful, strategic, and just a little motivational.
 
🔊 Audio reminder: Use Korean Helper Widgets to hear the full sentence rhythm, especially the flow from -기에 into 달려 있어요.
 
📝 Instructions: Fill each blank with the right form, then open the Answer toggle. Ask yourself: “What result is being controlled, and what action controls it?”
 

Exercise 1 — Form Builder: Make -기에 🔧

A. 준비하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on preparing / how one prepares. 📋
Answer
준비하기에 — verb stem + -기 + .
B. 생각하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on thinking / how one thinks. 🧠
Answer
생각하기에.
C. 말하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on speaking / how one speaks. 💬
Answer
말하기에.
D. 대처하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on responding / how one responds. 🚨
Answer
대처하기에.
E. 활용하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on using something well. 🛠️
Answer
활용하기에.
F. 설명하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on explaining / how one explains. 🧑‍🏫
Answer
설명하기에.
G. 바라보다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on viewing / how one views it. 🔍
Answer
바라보기에.
H. 판단하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on judging / how one judges. ⚖️
Answer
판단하기에.
I. 받아들이다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on accepting / how one accepts it. 🤝
Answer
받아들이기에.
J. 해결하다 → ____ 달려 있어요.
It depends on solving / how one solves it. 🧩
Answer
해결하기에.
🔧
Form Box
  • Verb stem + 기에 달려 있다
  • 하다 → 하기에
  • 보다 → 보기에
  • 받아들이다 → 받아들이기에
  • 달려 있다 → depends on / is determined by
  • spacing: 달려 있다, not 달려있다
Tip 💡 Build the noun-like action with -기, then attach .
 

Exercise 2 — Results and Controlling Actions ⚖️

A. 결과는 우리가 얼마나 꾸준히 ____ 달려 있어요.
The result depends on how consistently we practice. 🏋️
Answer
연습하기에연습하다 means to practice.
B. 신뢰는 약속을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Trust depends on how people keep promises. 🤝
Answer
지키기에지키다 means to keep/protect.
C. 효율은 시간을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Efficiency depends on how one manages time. ⏰
Answer
관리하기에관리하다 means to manage.
D. 평판은 실수를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Reputation depends on how one admits mistakes. 🙇
Answer
인정하기에인정하다 means to admit/recognize.
E. 분위기는 갈등을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
The atmosphere depends on how people resolve conflict. 🕊️
Answer
해결하기에갈등을 해결하다 means to resolve conflict.
F. 성장은 피드백을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Growth depends on how one accepts feedback. 🌱
Answer
받아들이기에피드백을 받아들이다 means to accept feedback.
G. 안전은 규칙을 얼마나 잘 ____ 달려 있어요.
Safety depends on how well people follow the rules. 🦺
Answer
따르기에따르다 means to follow.
H. 설득력은 근거를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Persuasiveness depends on how one presents evidence. 📌
Answer
제시하기에제시하다 means to present.
I. 만족도는 기대를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Satisfaction depends on how one adjusts expectations. 🎛️
Answer
조절하기에조절하다 means to adjust/control.
J. 성과는 목표를 얼마나 분명히 ____ 달려 있어요.
Performance depends on how clearly one sets goals. 🎯
Answer
정하기에정하다 means to decide/set.
⚖️
Outcome Box
  • 결과 → result
  • 신뢰 → trust
  • 효율 → efficiency
  • 평판 → reputation
  • 갈등 → conflict
  • 성장 → growth
  • 안전 → safety
  • 설득력 → persuasiveness
Tip 💡 The first noun is the outcome. The -기에 phrase is the controlling action.
 

Exercise 3 — Mindset and Perspective 🧠

A. 기회는 상황을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
An opportunity depends on how you interpret the situation. 🎁
Answer
해석하기에해석하다 means to interpret.
B. 스트레스는 문제를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Stress depends on how you view the problem. 🧠
Answer
바라보기에.
C. 관계는 상대의 말을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
A relationship depends on how you listen to the other person’s words. 👂
Answer
듣기에듣다 becomes 듣기에.
D. 자신감은 실패를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Confidence depends on how you accept failure. 🌧️
Answer
받아들이기에.
E. 선택은 우선순위를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
A choice depends on how you judge priorities. 🧭
Answer
판단하기에.
F. 배움은 질문을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Learning depends on how you ask questions. ❓
Answer
던지기에질문을 던지다 means to pose/ask a question.
G. 인상은 첫 대화를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
The impression depends on how you start the first conversation. 👋
Answer
시작하기에.
H. 팀워크는 의견 차이를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Teamwork depends on how people handle differences of opinion. 🧑‍🤝‍🧑
Answer
다루기에다루다 means to handle/deal with.
I. 집중력은 환경을 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Concentration depends on how you arrange the environment. 🪑
Answer
정리하기에정리하다 means to organize/arrange.
J. 가능성은 한계를 어떻게 ____ 달려 있어요.
Possibility depends on how you think about limits. 🚪
Answer
생각하기에.
🧠
Mindset Box
  • 해석하다 → to interpret
  • 바라보다 → to view
  • 듣다 → to listen/hear
  • 받아들이다 → to accept
  • 우선순위 → priority
  • 질문을 던지다 → to pose a question
  • 의견 차이 → difference of opinion
Tip 💡 This pattern often sounds natural with thinking, judging, listening, and handling.
 

Exercise 4 — Choose the Best “Depends On” Pattern 🧭

A. “It depends on preparation.”
준비에 달려 있어요 / ② 준비했기에 달려 있어요
Answer
— noun factor + 에 달려 있어요.
B. “It depends on how you prepare.”
어떻게 준비하기에 달려 있어요 / ② 어떻게 준비했기에 달려 있어요
Answer
— use -기, not past tense.
C. “It depends on whether we respond quickly.”
빠르게 대처하느냐에 달려 있어요 / ② 빠르게 대처하는 말할 것도 없어요
Answer
-느냐에 달려 있다 explicitly means depends on whether/how.
D. “It is up to how you think.”
생각하기 나름이에요 / ② 생각 때문에 나름이에요
Answer
-기 나름이다 means it is up to how someone does it.
E. “It depends on the decision.”
결정에 달려 있어요 / ② 결정하기에만 없어요
Answer
— noun + 에 달려 있다.
F. “The meaning depends on how you view it.”
의미는 어떻게 바라보기에 달려 있어요 / ② 의미는 바라봤기에 달려 있어요
Answer
바라보기에 gives the controlling action.
G. Correct spacing:
달려 있다 / ② 달려있다
Answer
달려 있다.
H. “It depends on how much you practice.”
얼마나 연습하기에 달려 있어요 / ② 얼마나 연습했기에 달려 있어요
Answer
연습하기에.
I. “It depends on how the tool is used.”
도구를 어떻게 사용하기에 달려 있어요 / ② 도구를 사용한 말할 것도 없어요
Answer
사용하기에 달려 있다.
J. “It depends on the situation.”
상황에 달려 있어요 / ② 상황하기에 달려 있어요
Answer
상황 is a noun, so use 상황에.
🧭
Pattern Choice Box
  • noun factor → N에 달려 있다
  • action handling → V-기에 달려 있다
  • explicit whether/how → V-느냐에 달려 있다
  • flexible whether/how → V-는지에 달려 있다
  • up to how one does it → V-기 나름이다
Tip 💡 If the word before “depends on” is a noun, use . If it is an action, use -기에.
 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. Translate: “Success depends on how you prepare.”
Answer
성공은 어떻게 준비하기에 달려 있어요.
B. Translate: “The result depends on how quickly we respond.”
Answer
결과는 우리가 얼마나 빠르게 대처하기에 달려 있어요.
C. Translate: “The atmosphere depends on how people speak.”
Answer
분위기는 사람들이 어떻게 말하기에 달려 있어요.
D. Translate: “The effect depends on how properly you use the tool.”
Answer
효과는 도구를 얼마나 제대로 사용하기에 달려 있어요.
E. Translate: “The meaning depends on how you view the experience.”
Answer
의미는 경험을 어떻게 바라보기에 달려 있어요.
F. Fix: ❌ 준비했기에 달려 있어요.
Answer
준비하기에 달려 있어요. — use -기, not past tense.
G. Fix: ❌ 결과는 달려있어요.
Answer
결과는 달려 있어요. — write 달려 있다 with a space. Also add the factor when needed: 결과는 준비하기에 달려 있어요.
H. Choose the noun-factor sentence: 결정에 달려 있어요 / 결정하기에만 말해요
Answer
결정에 달려 있어요.
I. Choose the action-handling sentence: 어떻게 설명하기에 달려 있어요 / 설명에 말할 것도 없어요
Answer
어떻게 설명하기에 달려 있어요.
J. What does -기에 달려 있다 mean?
Answer
It means an outcome depends on how someone does, handles, views, or responds to something.
🛡️
Final Check
  • 준비하기에 달려 있다 → depends on how one prepares
  • 대처하기에 달려 있다 → depends on how one responds
  • 생각하기에 달려 있다 → depends on how one thinks
  • 바라보기에 달려 있다 → depends on how one views it
  • 사용하기에 달려 있다 → depends on how one uses it
  • N에 달려 있다 → depends on a noun factor
  • -느냐에 달려 있다 → depends on whether/how
  • -기 나름이다 → up to how one does it
Final Boss Rule 💡 The result “hangs on” the action before -기에. Choose that action carefully.
 
🎉 Practice complete. You can now use -기에 달려 있다 to talk about outcomes that depend on preparation, response, perspective, judgment, and action. The future is not floating randomly — it is hanging on how you handle it. 🧭⚖️
📦
🎯 Practice Hub — Depending on -기에 달려 있다
Welcome to the Practice Hub for -기에 달려 있다! Here, you’ll train the difference between action-based dependency, noun-based dependency, explicit “whether/how” clauses, and close synonyms like -기 나름이다. Think of each sentence as a tiny scale: one side is the outcome, the other side is the factor that decides it. ⚖️
🔊 Audio reminder
Use Korean Helper Widgets to hear the example sentences aloud, especially the rhythm of 달려 있다 and 나름이다.
📝 Instructions:
Complete each prompt with the most natural form. Read the English meaning, identify the deciding factor, and choose the pattern that best matches the sentence.

Exercise 1 — Action Factors with -기에 달려 있다 ⚙️

A. 캠페인의 반응은 첫 메시지를 분명하게 정하____.
(The response to the campaign depends on setting the first message clearly. 📣)
Answer
기에 달려 있다정하다 is an action verb, so 정하기에 달려 있다 fits.
B. 연구의 방향은 초기에 문제를 정확히 정의하____.
(The direction of the research depends on defining the problem accurately at the beginning. 🧭)
Answer
기에 달려 있다정의하다 becomes 정의하기에 달려 있다.
C. 브랜드의 이미지는 고객 불만을 차분히 처리하____.
(The brand’s image depends on handling customer complaints calmly. 🧯)
Answer
기에 달려 있다처리하다 becomes 처리하기에 달려 있다.
D. 토론의 질은 반대 의견을 공정하게 다루____.
(The quality of the debate depends on treating opposing opinions fairly. 🗯️)
Answer
기에 달려 있다다루다 becomes 다루기에 달려 있다.
E. 공연의 긴장감은 조명을 섬세하게 조절하____.
(The tension of the performance depends on adjusting the lighting delicately. 🎭)
Answer
기에 달려 있다조절하다 becomes 조절하기에 달려 있다.
F. 수업의 몰입도는 교사가 예시를 생생하게 제시하____.
(The immersion of the class depends on the teacher presenting examples vividly. 🧑‍🏫)
Answer
기에 달려 있다제시하다 becomes 제시하기에 달려 있다.
G. 앱의 첫인상은 가입 절차를 간단히 만들____.
(The app’s first impression depends on making the sign-up process simple. 📱)
Answer
기에 달려 있다만들다 becomes 만들기에 달려 있다.
H. 기사의 신뢰도는 출처를 투명하게 밝히____.
(The credibility of the article depends on revealing sources transparently. 📰)
Answer
기에 달려 있다밝히다 becomes 밝히기에 달려 있다.
I. 도시의 매력은 오래된 공간을 새롭게 살리____.
(The charm of the city depends on reviving old spaces in a new way. 🏙️)
Answer
기에 달려 있다살리다 becomes 살리기에 달려 있다.
J. 협업의 속도는 정보를 제때 공유하____.
(The speed of collaboration depends on sharing information on time. 🚦)
Answer
기에 달려 있다공유하다 becomes 공유하기에 달려 있다.
Action vocabulary ⚙️
  • 정하다 → to decide / set
  • 정의하다 → to define
  • 처리하다 → to handle
  • 다루다 → to treat / handle
  • 조절하다 → to adjust
  • 제시하다 → to present
  • 만들다 → to make
  • 밝히다 → to reveal
  • 살리다 → to revive / bring out
  • 공유하다 → to share
Tip 💡 If the deciding factor is an action, attach -기에 달려 있다 to the verb stem.

Exercise 2 — Noun Factor or Action Factor? 🧩

A. 계약의 안정성은 조건의 명확성____.
(The stability of the contract depends on the clarity of the terms. 📄)
Answer
에 달려 있다명확성 is a noun, so use N에 달려 있다.
B. 상담의 효과는 질문을 조심스럽게 고르____.
(The effect of the counseling depends on choosing questions carefully. 🛋️)
Answer
기에 달려 있다고르다 is an action verb.
C. 축제의 분위기는 공간 배치____.
(The atmosphere of the festival depends on the spatial arrangement. 🎪)
Answer
에 달려 있다공간 배치 is a noun phrase.
D. 자료집의 완성도는 작은 오류를 끝까지 확인하____.
(The completeness of the booklet depends on checking small errors until the end. 📚)
Answer
기에 달려 있다확인하다 becomes 확인하기에 달려 있다.
E. 대화의 깊이는 침묵을 견디는 태도____.
(The depth of the conversation depends on the attitude of tolerating silence. 🤫)
Answer
에 달려 있다태도 is a noun.
F. 전시의 흐름은 작품 사이의 간격____.
(The flow of the exhibition depends on the spacing between works. 🖼️)
Answer
에 달려 있다간격 is a noun.
G. 공동체의 회복은 서로를 다시 믿____.
(The recovery of the community depends on trusting each other again. 🌱)
Answer
기에 달려 있다믿다 becomes 믿기에 달려 있다.
H. 서비스의 평가는 응답 속도____.
(The evaluation of the service depends on response speed. ⏱️)
Answer
에 달려 있다응답 속도 is a noun phrase.
I. 논문의 설득력은 반론을 균형 있게 소개하____.
(The persuasiveness of the thesis depends on introducing counterarguments in a balanced way. 🎓)
Answer
기에 달려 있다소개하다 becomes 소개하기에 달려 있다.
J. 제품의 수명은 관리 방법____.
(The lifespan of the product depends on the maintenance method. 🔧)
Answer
에 달려 있다관리 방법 is a noun phrase.
Nouns + actions 🧩
  • 명확성 → clarity
  • 고르다 → to choose
  • 공간 배치 → spatial arrangement
  • 완성도 → level of completion
  • 태도 → attitude
  • 간격 → spacing / interval
  • 믿다 → to believe / trust
  • 응답 속도 → response speed
  • 반론 → counterargument
  • 수명 → lifespan
Tip 💡 Noun phrase? Choose 에 달려 있다. Verb action? Choose -기에 달려 있다.

Exercise 3 — Clear “How / How Much” Clauses 🔍

A. 토론의 생산성은 참가자들이 서로의 말을 얼마나 존중하____.
(The productivity of the discussion depends on how much participants respect one another’s words. 🗣️)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다얼마나 pairs naturally with 존중하느냐에 달려 있다.
B. 전략의 성공은 시장 변화를 얼마나 빨리 읽____.
(The success of the strategy depends on how quickly one reads market changes. 📈)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다읽다 becomes 읽느냐에 달려 있다.
C. 갈등의 방향은 당사자들이 사과를 어떻게 받아들이____.
(The direction of the conflict depends on how the people involved accept the apology. 🕊️)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다어떻게 needs the explicit “how” structure.
D. 훈련의 효과는 피드백을 얼마나 꾸준히 반영하____.
(The effect of training depends on how consistently feedback is reflected. 🏋️)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다반영하다 becomes 반영하느냐에 달려 있다.
E. 위기 대응은 정보를 얼마나 솔직하게 공개하____.
(Crisis response depends on how honestly information is disclosed. 🚨)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다공개하다 becomes 공개하느냐에 달려 있다.
F. 독자의 반응은 결말을 어떻게 해석하____.
(The reader’s response depends on how they interpret the ending. 📖)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다해석하다 becomes 해석하느냐에 달려 있다.
G. 제안의 채택 여부는 비용을 얼마나 현실적으로 계산하____.
(Whether the proposal is adopted depends on how realistically the cost is calculated. 🧮)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다계산하다 becomes 계산하느냐에 달려 있다.
H. 관계의 회복은 상처를 어떻게 설명하____.
(The recovery of the relationship depends on how the hurt is explained. 💬)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다어떻게 설명하느냐에 달려 있다 is clear and natural.
I. 작품의 인상은 색을 얼마나 절제해서 쓰____.
(The impression of the artwork depends on how restrainedly color is used. 🎨)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다쓰다 becomes 쓰느냐에 달려 있다.
J. 조직 문화는 실수를 어떻게 다루____.
(Organizational culture depends on how mistakes are handled. 🏢)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다다루다 becomes 다루느냐에 달려 있다.
How-clause vocabulary 🔍
  • 생산성 → productivity
  • 존중하다 → to respect
  • 시장 변화 → market change
  • 당사자 → person directly involved
  • 반영하다 → to reflect / incorporate
  • 공개하다 → to disclose
  • 해석하다 → to interpret
  • 채택 여부 → whether something is adopted
  • 절제하다 → to restrain
  • 조직 문화 → organizational culture
Tip 💡 얼마나 and 어떻게 often sound best with -느냐에 달려 있다.

Exercise 4 — Synonym Switchboard 🪞

A. 같은 말도 표현하____ 달라져요.
(Even the same words change depending on how you express them. 🗣️)
Answer
기 나름이에요표현하기 나름이에요 is conversational and advice-like.
B. 정책의 지속 가능성은 재정 구조에 크게 ____.
(The sustainability of the policy is greatly determined by the financial structure. 🏛️)
Answer
좌우된다좌우되다 is formal and means “to be influenced/determined by.”
C. 이 도구는 사용하____ 아주 편리할 수도 있어요.
(This tool can be very convenient depending on how you use it. 🧰)
Answer
기 나름이에요사용하기 나름이에요 gives a natural conversational feel.
D. 판단의 정확도는 근거 자료의 질____.
(The accuracy of the judgment depends on the quality of the supporting data. 📑)
Answer
에 달려 있다 is a noun factor.
E. 분위기는 농담을 어떤 타이밍에 하____.
(The atmosphere depends on when the joke is made. 😄)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다어떤 타이밍에 asks “at what timing.”
F. 새 기술의 확산은 사용자가 불안을 얼마나 빨리 줄이____.
(The spread of new technology depends on how quickly users reduce anxiety. 🤖)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다얼마나 빨리 calls for the explicit degree structure.
G. 작은 방도 정리하____ 넓어 보일 수 있어요.
(Even a small room can look spacious depending on how you organize it. 🏠)
Answer
기 나름이에요정리하기 나름이에요 is natural in practical advice.
H. 선거 결과는 젊은 층의 참여율에 ____.
(The election result is determined by the participation rate of younger voters. 🗳️)
Answer
좌우된다참여율에 좌우된다 is formal and analytical.
I. 계획의 현실성은 시간을 얼마나 넉넉히 잡____.
(The realism of the plan depends on how generously time is allotted. 📅)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다얼마나 넉넉히 needs 잡느냐에 달려 있다.
J. 평범한 재료도 조리하____ 특별한 음식이 돼요.
(Even ordinary ingredients become special food depending on how they are cooked. 🍲)
Answer
기 나름이에요조리하기 나름이에요 has a natural “depends on how you cook it” nuance.
Synonym tools 🪞
  • -기 나름이다 → it depends on how one does it; conversational
  • 좌우되다 → to be determined/influenced by; formal
  • 지속 가능성 → sustainability
  • 재정 구조 → financial structure
  • 근거 자료 → supporting data
  • 확산 → spread / diffusion
  • 참여율 → participation rate
  • 현실성 → realism / feasibility
  • 조리하다 → to cook / prepare food
Tip 💡 Use -기 나름이다 for softer everyday advice, and 좌우되다 for formal cause-and-effect analysis.

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. 문장의 자연스러움은 조사를 정확히 쓰____.
(The naturalness of the sentence depends on using particles accurately. ✍️)
Answer
기에 달려 있다쓰다 is an action verb, so 쓰기에 달려 있다 works.
B. 결과는 열심히____.
(The result depends on working hard. 🔥)
Answer
하느냐에 달려 있다 — Do not say 열심히에 달려 있다; use 얼마나 열심히 하느냐에 달려 있다 or this shortened context.
C. 도입부의 힘은 첫 문장____.
(The power of the introduction depends on the first sentence. 📝)
Answer
에 달려 있다첫 문장 is a noun phrase.
D. 상처의 회복은 시간을 어떻게 보내____.
(The healing of the hurt depends on how time is spent. ⏳)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다어떻게 보내느냐에 달려 있다 is clear and natural.
E. 같은 예산도 배분하____ 효과가 달라진다.
(Even the same budget has different effects depending on how it is allocated. 💰)
Answer
기 나름으로 — This uses the cousin pattern adverbially: 배분하기 나름으로 means “depending on how it is allocated.”
F. 관객의 몰입은 배우가 침묵을 어떻게 유지하____.
(The audience’s immersion depends on how the actor maintains silence. 🎬)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다어떻게 유지하느냐에 달려 있다 expresses the “how” clearly.
G. 제도의 신뢰성은 절차의 공정성____.
(The reliability of the system depends on the fairness of the procedure. ⚖️)
Answer
에 달려 있다공정성 is a noun.
H. 긴 문장도 끊어 읽____ 이해하기 쉬워져요.
(Even a long sentence becomes easier to understand depending on how you break it while reading. 📖)
Answer
기 나름이에요끊어 읽기 나름이에요 gives practical advice.
I. 협정의 미래는 당사국의 실행 의지에 크게 ____.
(The future of the agreement is greatly determined by the participating countries’ will to implement it. 🌐)
Answer
좌우된다 — Formal written analysis often uses 좌우되다.
J. 학습 곡선은 틀린 답을 얼마나 꼼꼼히 검토하____.
(The learning curve depends on how carefully wrong answers are reviewed. 📈)
Answer
느냐에 달려 있다얼마나 꼼꼼히 검토하느냐에 달려 있다 is the polished form.
Pitfall patrol kit 🛡️
  • 조사 → particle
  • 자연스러움 → naturalness
  • 도입부 → introduction
  • 상처 → hurt / wound
  • 예산 → budget
  • 배분하다 → to allocate
  • 몰입 → immersion
  • 신뢰성 → reliability
  • 실행 의지 → will to implement
  • 검토하다 → to review
Tip 💡 Watch the factor type first: noun, action, “how/how much” clause, conversational advice, or formal determination.
Reference hub 🧭
  • V-기에 달려 있다 → depends on how one does an action.
  • N에 달려 있다 → depends on a noun/factor.
  • 얼마나 / 어떻게 V-느냐에 달려 있다 → depends on how much / how.
  • V-기 나름이다 → it depends on how one does it; softer and conversational.
  • N에 좌우되다 → is determined/influenced by a noun factor; formal and analytical.
Closing celebration 🎉
You can now aim your Korean sentence straight at the deciding factor. Whether your writing sounds vague or razor-sharp? That, naturally, depends on how you use -기에 달려 있다. ⚖️✨