TL;DR ๐ฆ
- โ๏ธ ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ means compliance monitoring: checking whether a company follows laws, regulations, and internal rules.
- ๐งญ ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ and ์ฒญ๋ ด focus on responsible conduct, transparency, and resistance to corruption โ not just โbeing nice.โ
- ๐ก๏ธ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ, ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ , ์ดํด์ถฉ๋, and ์์ ์กฐ์น help you explain how companies prevent, detect, and correct problems.
๐ง Iru Helper Note โ Open Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a term or sentence. Try typing short chunks like ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ (compliance monitoring system), ๊ธฐ์
์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค (to go against business ethics), or ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ์ต์ํํ๋ค (to minimize risk).
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๐ The Big Picture
Corporate compliance vocabulary lives where business, law, public trust, and reputation shake hands in very serious suits. ๐งโ๐ผ It appears in policy documents, business news, sustainability reports, legal commentary, and advanced Korean reading passages.
The key distinction is this: ์ค๋ฒ (compliance with law/rules) asks โIs it allowed?โ while ์ค๋ฆฌ (ethics) asks โIs it responsible and fair?โ A company can avoid punishment and still damage trust if its conduct feels deceptive or exploitative.
At an advanced level, you should be able to describe the whole cycle:
- ๐งฑ Create a system: ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค (to establish a compliance monitoring system)
- ๐ Detect a problem: ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ์ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ค (to detect violations)
- ๐ ๏ธ Correct the problem: ์์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ทจํ๋ค (to take corrective action)
- ๐ Protect trust: ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ฒญ๋ ด์ฑ์ ๋์ด๋ค (to increase transparency and integrity)
๐จ The Core Corporate Integrity Family
โ๏ธ 1. ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ โ compliance monitoring
์ค๋ฒ means following laws and rules, and ๊ฐ์ means monitoring or supervision. Together, ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ refers to systems or departments that check whether an organization obeys laws, regulations, and internal standards.
Useful pairings:
- ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ โ compliance monitoring system
- ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ์ โ compliance department
- ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ฑ ์์ โ compliance officer
- ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค โ to strengthen compliance monitoring
๐งญ 2. ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ โ business ethics
๊ธฐ์
์ค๋ฆฌ covers responsible business conduct: fair competition, truthful advertising, consumer protection, labor rights, environmental responsibility, and social accountability. It is broader than legal compliance.
Useful pairings:
- ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์งํค๋ค โ to uphold business ethics
- ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค โ to go against business ethics
- ์ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ โ ethical management
- ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ ์์ ๋คํ๋ค โ to fulfill social responsibility
๐ 3. ์ฒญ๋ ด โ integrity / incorruptibility
์ฒญ๋ ด emphasizes honesty, transparency, and freedom from corruption. It is common in public-sector contexts, but it also appears in corporate governance and anti-corruption discussions.
Useful pairings:
- ์ฒญ๋ ด ๊ฒฝ์ โ integrity-based management
- ์ฒญ๋ ด ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฑํ๋ค โ to create a culture of integrity
- ๋ถํจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค โ to prevent corruption
- ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ์ ๋์ด๋ค โ to increase transparency
๐ก๏ธ 4. ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ risk management
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ means identifying, reducing, and responding to potential harm before it becomes severe. In compliance contexts, risk may be legal, financial, operational, or reputational.
Useful pairings:
- ๋ฒ์ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ โ legal risk
- ํํ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ โ reputational risk
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ์๋ณํ๋ค โ to identify risk
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ์ต์ํํ๋ค โ to minimize risk
๐งฐ 5. ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ , ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ, ์์ ์กฐ์น
๋ด๋ถ ํต์ means internal controls: rules and procedures that prevent fraud, mistakes, conflicts of interest, and legal violations. ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ are violations or non-compliant items found during review. ์์ ์กฐ์น means corrective action taken to fix the problem.
Useful pairings:
- ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ ์ ์ฐจ โ internal control procedure
- ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ ๊ฐ ๋ฏธํกํ๋ค โ internal controls are insufficient
- ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ๋ค โ to report violations
- ์์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์๊ตฌํ๋ค โ to demand corrective action
๐ ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence
- ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ถ๊ณต์ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค. โ๏ธ
The company strengthened its compliance monitoring system to prevent unfair trading.
Notes: ๋ถ๊ณต์ ๊ฑฐ๋ = unfair trading; ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด = in order to prevent; ๊ฐํํ๋ค = to strengthen.
- ์๋น์๋ฅผ ์์ด๋ ๊ด๊ณ ๋ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ๋ ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค. ๐ข
Advertising that deceives consumers goes against business ethics even if there is no legal problem.
Notes: ์์ด๋ค = to deceive; ์๋๋ผ๋ = even if there is not; ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค = to violate / go against.
- ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ ๊ฐ ๋ฏธํกํ๋ฉด ์์ ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ๋ ํํ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง ์ ์๋ค. ๐งฏ
If internal controls are insufficient, even a small violation can lead to reputational risk.
Notes: ๋ฏธํกํ๋ค = to be insufficient; ์ด์ด์ง๋ค = to lead to; ์ ์๋ค = can.
๐งฉ General Formation Rule
Advanced business Korean often builds meaning through formal noun + formal verb combinations. The noun names the concept; the verb tells what the organization does with it.
- N์/๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค โ to strengthen N
Example: ๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค (to strengthen a monitoring system)
- N์/๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ๋ค โ to comply with N
Example: ๊ท์ ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค (to comply with regulations)
- N์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค โ to go against N
Example: ์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค (to go against ethics)
- N์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ค โ to lead to N
Example: ์์ค๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ค (to lead to loss)
- N์/๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค โ to prevent N
Example: ๋ถํจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค (to prevent corruption)
No special irregular conjugation is being taught here. The challenge is choosing the natural collocation, not memorizing a new ending. Tiny mercy from the grammar goblin. ๐ง
๐ Cross-check note
The key vocabulary and natural collocations in this lesson were cross-checked against Korean language reference usage, including ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์ด์ / korean.go.kr, with special care for ์ค๋ฒ, ์ฒญ๋ ด, ๊ฐ์, ํต์ , and formal noun-verb pairings. โ
๐ช Synonym Alert
- ์ค๋ฒ vs. ๊ท์ ์ค์ โ both relate to following rules; ๊ท์ ์ค์ is often โcompliance with regulations,โ while ์ค๋ฒ emphasizes law-abiding conduct.
- ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ vs. ์ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ โ ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ is the concept; ์ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ is management based on that concept.
- ์ฒญ๋ ด vs. ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ โ ์ฒญ๋ ด stresses incorruptibility and integrity; ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ stresses openness and visibility in process.
- ๋ณด์ vs. ์ํด ๋ฐฐ์ โ ๋ณด์ can mean compensation broadly; ์ํด ๋ฐฐ์ specifically refers to compensation for damage or loss.
โ ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge
- โ ์ปดํ๋ผ์ด์ธ์ค๋ฅผ ํ๋ค โ โ ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค / ๊ท์ ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค (Use natural Korean collocations instead of a vague English-style verb.)
- โ ์ฒญ๋ ด = โkindnessโ โ โ ์ฒญ๋ ด = integrity / freedom from corruption (It is about honesty and anti-corruption, not general niceness.)
- โ ์ค๋ฒ and ์ค๋ฆฌ are identical โ โ ์ค๋ฒ is legal compliance; ์ค๋ฆฌ is broader responsible conduct.
- โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ only means immediate danger โ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ can mean possible legal, financial, operational, or reputational harm.
- โ ๊ฐ์ฌ always means gratitude โ โ In corporate contexts, ๊ฐ์ฌ often means audit. Context is the boss with a clipboard. ๐
๐ You now have the vocabulary to discuss corporate integrity without sounding like a translated spreadsheet. Use the collocations as ready-made rails, and your advanced Korean will stay polished, precise, and audit-proof. ๐งพ
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Try this exercise
Practice choosing the most natural corporate compliance term for each sentence. Read the full sentence first, fill the blank, then open the Answer toggle to check the meaning and collocation.
1. ํ์ฌ๋ ์์ง์ ๊ต์ก์ ํตํด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฑํ๋ ค๊ณ ํ๋ค.
The company is trying to create a culture of integrity through employee training. ๐งโ๐ซ
Answer
์ฒญ๋ ด โ ์ฒญ๋ ด ๋ฌธํ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ฑํ๋ค means โto create a culture of integrity.โ
2. ์๋ก์ด ๊ท์ ๊ฐ ๋์
๋์ ์ํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค.
When new regulations were introduced, the bank strengthened its compliance monitoring system. ๐ฆ
Answer
์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ โ ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ์ฒด๊ณ is the natural phrase for a compliance monitoring system.
3. ํ์ ๊ด๊ณ ๋ ์๋น์ ์ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํด์น๊ณ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค.
False advertising damages consumer trust and goes against business ethics. ๐ข
Answer
๊ธฐ์
์ค๋ฆฌ โ ๊ธฐ์
์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค means โto go against business ethics.โ
4. ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ณด ์ ์ถ์ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง ์ ์๋ค.
A personal data leak can lead to serious reputational risk. ๐
Answer
ํํ โ ํํ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ means reputational risk.
5. ๊ฐ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋ฐ๊ฒฌ๋์ด ๋ณด๊ณ ์์ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋์๋ค.
Several violations were found during the audit and recorded in the report. ๐
Answer
์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ โ ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ are violations or non-compliant items.
6. ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ํ์ธ๋๋ฉด ํ์ฌ๋ ์ฆ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ทจํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
If a problem is confirmed, the company must immediately take corrective action. ๐ ๏ธ
Answer
์์ ์กฐ์น โ ์์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ทจํ๋ค means โto take corrective action.โ
7. ์ฌ์ ์ด์ต์ด ์์ฌ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ์
๋๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ์๊ธธ ์ ์๋ค.
If private interest enters decision-making, a conflict-of-interest issue can arise. โ๏ธ
Answer
์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ ์ดํด์ถฉ๋ means conflict of interest.
8. ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ฒ์ ์์ค์ ์ค์ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ํํ๋ค.
The company systematically carried out risk management to reduce legal losses. ๐ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ is the process of identifying and reducing potential harm.
9. ๊ฒฐ์ฌ ์ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋ถ๋ถ๋ช
ํ๋ฉด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ ๋ฏธํกํ๋ค๋ ์ง์ ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ์๋ค.
If approval procedures are unclear, the company may be criticized for insufficient internal controls. ๐
Answer
๋ด๋ถ ํต์ โ ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ ๊ฐ ๋ฏธํกํ๋ค means internal controls are insufficient.
10. ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๊ณต๊ฐํ๋ฉด ์กฐ์ง์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๋์ผ ์ ์๋ค.
Disclosing the transaction process can increase the organizationโs transparency. ๐
Answer
ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ โ ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ์ ๋์ด๋ค means โto increase transparency.โ
Vocabulary Box
- ์ฒญ๋ ด โ integrity; incorruptibility
- ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ โ compliance monitoring
- ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ โ business ethics
- ํํ โ reputation
- ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ โ violation; non-compliant item
- ์์ ์กฐ์น โ corrective action
- ์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ conflict of interest
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ โ risk management
- ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ โ internal control
- ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ โ transparency
Tips ๐ก
- ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ทจํ๋ค = to take a measure/action
- ์ฒด๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค = to strengthen a system
- ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค = to go against a principle
Want more reps? Head into the Practice Hub below when you're ready to make these terms feel boardroom-natural. ๐งโ๐ผ
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๐ฏ Practice Hub โ Corporate Compliance and Integrity
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Welcome to your compliance-and-integrity workout. โ๏ธ This hub helps you practice advanced corporate vocabulary in realistic contexts: audits, risk, internal controls, ethical management, corrective action, and reputation. By the end, you should be able to explain not only what went wrong, but what a responsible organization should do next. ๐ก๏ธ
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๐ Audio reminder: Use Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a sentence or term aloud.
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๐ Instructions: Complete each Korean sentence with the most natural term or expression. Say the completed sentence aloud, check the English meaning, then open the Answer toggle for the collocation note.
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Exercise 1 โ Core Terms in Context โ๏ธ
A. ๊ธ์ตํ์ฌ๋ ์ ๊ท์ ์ ๋ง์ถฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ถ์๋ฅผ ํ๋ํ๋ค.
The financial company expanded its compliance department in line with new regulations. ๐ฆ
Answer
์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ โ ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ ๋ถ์ means compliance department.
B. ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ ๋ดํฉ์ ๊ณต์ ํ ๊ฒฝ์์ ํด์น๋ฏ๋ก ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค.
Price fixing harms fair competition, so it goes against business ethics. ๐ฐ
Answer
๊ธฐ์
์ค๋ฆฌ โ This tests the ethics frame, not just the legal frame.
C. ์์ ์ ์ ๊ณผ์ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ๋์ด๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๊ณต๊ฐํ๋ค.
The company disclosed evaluation criteria to increase transparency in executive appointments. ๐งโ๐ผ
Answer
ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ โ ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ์ ๋์ด๋ค is the natural collocation.
D. ํ์ฒญ์
์ฒด ์ ์ ๊ณผ์ ์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋ฐ์ํ์ง ์๋๋ก ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๋ถ๋ฆฌํ๋ค.
They separated the criteria so that conflicts of interest would not occur in selecting subcontractors. ๐งพ
Answer
์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ ์ดํด์ถฉ๋์ด ๋ฐ์ํ๋ค means a conflict of interest occurs.
E. ๊ฐ์ฌํ์ ํ๊ณ ์๋ฃ์์ ์ค๋ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ํ์ธํ๋ค.
The audit team confirmed serious violations in the accounting records. ๐
Answer
์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ โ Found problems in an audit are often described as ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ.
F. ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ถํจ ๋ฐฉ์ง๋ฅผ ์ํด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฝ์ ์์น์ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
The company announced integrity-based management principles to prevent corruption. ๐
Answer
์ฒญ๋ ด โ ์ฒญ๋ ด ๊ฒฝ์ is integrity-based management.
G. ๊ฑฐ๋ ์น์ธ ์ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ๋ณต์กํด์ก์ง๋ง ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์๋ ๋์์ด ๋์๋ค.
The transaction approval procedure became more complex, but it helped internal controls. ๐งฐ
Answer
๋ด๋ถ ํต์ โ ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ refers to internal procedures that prevent violations.
H. ํด์ธ ์ง์ถ ์ ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ฒ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ค.
Before entering an overseas market, the company first reviewed legal risk. ๐
Answer
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ โ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ means legal risk.
I. ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ฌ๋ ๋ค ๊ฒฝ์์ง์ ์ฆ๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ฝ์ํ๋ค.
After the problem came to light, management promised immediate corrective action. ๐ ๏ธ
Answer
์์ ์กฐ์น โ ์์ ์กฐ์น fixes or corrects a problem.
J. ํ๋ ฅ์ฌ์ ๋
ธ๋๊ถ ์นจํด๋ ํ์ฌ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ก ํ๋๋์๋ค.
The partner companyโs labor rights violation escalated into reputational risk for the company. ๐ฐ
Answer
ํํ โ ํํ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ is damage to reputation or public trust.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์ โ compliance monitoring
- ๊ธฐ์ ์ค๋ฆฌ โ business ethics
- ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ โ transparency
- ์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ conflict of interest
- ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ โ violation
- ์ฒญ๋ ด โ integrity; incorruptibility
- ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ โ internal control
- ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ โ risk
- ์์ ์กฐ์น โ corrective action
- ํํ โ reputation
Tip ๐ก Match each noun to its usual corporate setting: department, ethics, audit, control, risk, or corrective response.
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Exercise 2 โ Natural Verb Pairings ๐งฐ
A. ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ด๋ถ ์ ๊ณ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ์ฌ ์ต๋ช
์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ฝ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค์๋ค.
The company strengthened its internal reporting system to make anonymous reports easier. ๐ฎ
Answer
๊ฐํ โ ์ ๋๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค means to strengthen a system.
B. ๋ชจ๋ ์ง์์ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ณด ๋ณดํธ ๊ท์ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
All employees must comply with personal information protection regulations. ๐
Answer
์ค์ โ ๊ท์ ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค means to comply with regulations.
C. ๊ฐ์ฌ์ธ์ ๊ณ์ฝ์์์ ์์ฌ์ค๋ฌ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
The auditor detected suspicious transactions in the contract documents. ๐
Answer
์ ๋ฐ โ ๊ฑฐ๋๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฐํ๋ค means to detect or uncover a problematic transaction.
D. ๊ฒฝ์์ง์ ๋ฐ๋ณต๋๋ ์ค๋ฅ๋ฅผ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
Management improved the procedure to prevent repeated errors. ๐ง
Answer
๊ฐ์ โ ์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ค means to improve a procedure.
E. ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ฒ์ ๋ถ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ธ๋ถ ์๋ฌธ์ ๋ฐ์๋ค.
The company received external advice to minimize the possibility of legal disputes. ๐ฉโโ๏ธ
Answer
์ต์ํ โ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ต์ํํ๋ค means to minimize a possibility.
F. ์ค๋ฆฌ ์๋ฐ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ๊ธฐ ๊ต์ก์ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
They conducted regular training to prevent ethics violations. ๐งโ๐ซ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์ง โ ์๋ฐ์ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค means to prevent violations.
G. ํ์ฌ๋ ์๋ฐ ์ฌ์ค์ ์ด์ฌํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
The company reported the violation facts to the board of directors. ๐งโโ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด๊ณ โ ์ด์ฌํ์ ๋ณด๊ณ ํ๋ค means to report to the board.
H. ์ ์ ์ฑ
์ ์์ง์์ ์ฑ
์ ์์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์๋ค.
The new policy aims to raise employeesโ sense of responsibility. ๐
Answer
์ ๊ณ โ ์์์ ์ ๊ณ ํ๋ค is a formal way to say โraise awareness.โ
I. ์กฐ์ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ์ฌ๋ ๊ด๋ จ ์์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
According to the investigation results, the company disciplined the relevant executive. ๐งโ๐ผ
Answer
์ง๊ณ โ ์์์ ์ง๊ณํ๋ค means to discipline an executive.
J. ๊ฒฝ์์ง์ ์์ค ์์ธ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๊ณ ์ฌ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์ง์ฑ
์ ๋ง๋ จํ๋ค.
Management identified the cause of the loss and prepared measures to prevent recurrence. ๐งฉ
Answer
์๋ณ โ ์์ธ์ ์๋ณํ๋ค means to identify a cause.
Vocabulary Box
- ๊ฐํํ๋ค โ to strengthen
- ์ค์ํ๋ค โ to comply with
- ์ ๋ฐํ๋ค โ to detect; uncover
- ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ค โ to improve
- ์ต์ํํ๋ค โ to minimize
- ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค โ to prevent
- ๋ณด๊ณ ํ๋ค โ to report
- ์ ๊ณ ํ๋ค โ to raise; enhance
- ์ง๊ณํ๋ค โ to discipline
- ์๋ณํ๋ค โ to identify
Tip ๐ก Formal business Korean loves noun-based verbs: ๊ฐํํ๋ค, ์ค์ํ๋ค, ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค, and friends wear tiny corporate badges. ๐ชช
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Exercise 3 โ Cause, Risk, and Consequence ๐
A. ํ์ ํ ๋ณด์ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๊ฐ์ธ์ ๋ณด ์ ์ถ๋ก ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ์๋ค.
Loose security management can lead to a personal data leak. ๐งฏ
Answer
์ด์ด์ง โ N์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง ์ ์๋ค means โcan lead to N.โ
B. ๋ดํฉ ์ํน์ผ๋ก ์ธํด ํ์ฌ์ ์ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ ํฌ๊ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Due to price-fixing suspicions, the companyโs trust fell sharply. ๐
Answer
๋จ์ด์ก๋ค โ ์ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ ๋จ์ด์ง๋ค means trust declines.
C. ์์ ๋น๋ฆฌ ์ฌ๊ฑด์ ๊ธฐ์
์ด๋ฏธ์ง ํผ์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
The executive corruption case caused damage to the corporate image. ๐ฐ
Answer
์ด๋ โ ํผ์์ ์ด๋ํ๋ค means to cause damage.
D. ํ๊ณ ์ค๋ฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ๋ณต๋๋ฉด ํฌ์์์ ๋ถ์ ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ ์ ์๋ค.
If accounting errors repeat, they can intensify investorsโ distrust. ๐
Answer
์ฌํ โ ๋ถ์ ์ ์ฌํํ๋ค means to deepen distrust.
E. ๊ท์ ์๋ฐ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ์ฌ๋ ๊ณผ์ง๊ธ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋์๋ค.
As a result of regulatory violations, the company had to pay a penalty surcharge. ๐ธ
Answer
๋ฉ๋ถํ๊ฒ โ ๋ฉ๋ถํ๊ฒ ๋๋ค means it came about that one had to pay.
F. ๋ถํฌ๋ช
ํ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ ์์ฅ์ ์์ฌ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฝ๋ค.
An opaque transaction structure easily invites market suspicion. ๐
Answer
์ฌ๊ธฐ โ ์์ฌ์ ์ฌ๋ค means to draw or invite suspicion.
G. ๋ด๋ถ ๋ณด๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ง์ฐ๋์ด ํผํด ๊ท๋ชจ๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Internal reporting was delayed, so the scale of damage increased. โฐ
Answer
์ปค์ก๋ค โ ํผํด ๊ท๋ชจ๊ฐ ์ปค์ง๋ค means the scale of damage grows.
H. ์ฌ์ ์ ๊ฒ์ ํตํด ๋ฒ์ ๋ถ์์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ ์์๋ค.
Through preliminary inspection, they were able to prevent a legal dispute. ๐ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ฐฉ์งํ โ ๋ถ์์ ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค means to prevent a dispute.
I. ๋ถ์คํ ํต์ ์ ์ฐจ๋ ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ํ ์์ค๋ก ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Poor control procedures led to massive losses in the long term. ๐งจ
Answer
์ด์ด์ก๋ค โ ์์ค๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ค means to lead to losses.
J. ์ฒญ๋ ด ๊ฒฝ์์ ๋ถํจ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๋ฎ์ถ๊ณ ์กฐ์ง ์ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ.
Integrity-based management lowers the possibility of corruption and raises organizational trust. ๐
Answer
๋์ธ๋ค โ ์ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋์ด๋ค means to increase trust.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ด์ด์ง๋ค โ to lead to
- ๋จ์ด์ง๋ค โ to fall; decline
- ์ด๋ํ๋ค โ to cause; bring about
- ์ฌํํ๋ค โ to deepen; intensify
- ๋ฉ๋ถํ๋ค โ to pay
- ์์ฌ์ ์ฌ๋ค โ to invite suspicion
- ์ปค์ง๋ค โ to grow; increase
- ๋ฐฉ์งํ๋ค โ to prevent
- ์์ค โ loss
- ์ ๋ขฐ โ trust
Tip ๐ก Consequence sentences often use ์ผ๋ก ์ด์ด์ง๋ค, ์ ์ด๋ํ๋ค, and ์ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ ๋จ์ด์ง๋ค.
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Exercise 4 โ Ethics, Integrity, and Governance ๐งญ
A. ๊ณ ๊ฐ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋จ์ผ๋ก ํ์ฉํ๋ ํ์๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ด๊ธ๋๋ค.
Using customer information without authorization goes against ethical principles. ๐
Answer
์ค๋ฆฌ ์์น โ The sentence focuses on ethical principles, not merely profit.
B. ํ์ฌ๋ ํ๋ ฅ์ฌ ํ๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ค์ ๊ณต๊ฐํด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฒฝ์์ ์ค์ฒํ๋ค.
The company practiced transparent management by disclosing partner evaluation criteria. ๐
Answer
ํฌ๋ช
โ ํฌ๋ช
๊ฒฝ์ emphasizes open and visible management.
C. ๋ถํจ ๋ฐฉ์ง ๊ต์ก์ ์กฐ์ง์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ฑ์ ๊ฐํํ๋ ๋ฐ ๋์์ด ๋๋ค.
Anti-corruption training helps strengthen the organizationโs integrity. ๐
Answer
์ฒญ๋ ด โ ์ฒญ๋ ด์ฑ means integrity or incorruptibility.
D. ์ด์ฌํ๋ ๊ฒฝ์์ง์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ๊ฐ์ํ๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ญํ ์ ์ํํ๋ค.
The board performs a governance role of monitoring management decisions. ๐๏ธ
Answer
์ง๋ฐฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ โ ์ง๋ฐฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ relates to corporate governance.
E. ํ์ฌ๋ ์ง์ญ ์ฌํ์ ๋ํ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฑ
์์ ๊ฐ์กฐํ๋ค.
The company emphasized its social responsibility toward the local community. ๐๏ธ
Answer
์ฌํ์ โ ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ
์ means social responsibility.
F. ๋ด๋ถ ์ ๋ณด์๋ฅผ ๋ณดํธํ๋ ์ ๋๋ ๋ณด๋ณต ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ค.
A system that protects internal whistleblowers reduces the possibility of retaliation. ๐ฎ
Answer
์ค์ธ๋ค โ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ค์ด๋ค means to reduce a possibility.
G. ์ค๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์์ ๋จ๊ธฐ ์ด์ต๋ณด๋ค ์ฅ๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ๋ค.
Ethical management values long-term trust more than short-term profit. ๐ฑ
Answer
์ ๋ขฐ โ In ethics contexts, ์ ๋ขฐ is a major outcome.
H. ์์ง์์ด ์ ๋ฌผ์ ๋ฐ์ ๋๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๋จผ์ ๊ฒํ ํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
When employees receive gifts, they should first review the possibility of a conflict of interest. ๐
Answer
์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ Gifts can create conflict-of-interest concerns.
I. ๊ณต์ ํ ์ ์ฐจ๋ ๊ธฐ์
์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ฑ์ ๋์ด๋ ํต์ฌ ์์์ด๋ค.
Fair procedures are a core factor in increasing corporate credibility. ๐งพ
Answer
์ ๋ขฐ โ ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ means credibility or reliability.
J. ๊ฒฝ์์ง์ ์ค์๋ฅผ ์จ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ณด๋ค ์ฑ
์ ์๊ฒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
Management should respond responsibly rather than hiding mistakes. ๐งฏ
Answer
๋์ โ ์ฑ
์ ์๊ฒ ๋์ํ๋ค means to respond responsibly.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ค๋ฆฌ ์์น โ ethical principle
- ํฌ๋ช ๊ฒฝ์ โ transparent management
- ์ฒญ๋ ด์ฑ โ integrity; incorruptibility
- ์ง๋ฐฐ ๊ตฌ์กฐ โ governance structure
- ์ฌํ์ ์ฑ ์ โ social responsibility
- ์ค์ด๋ค โ to reduce
- ์ ๋ขฐ โ trust
- ์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ conflict of interest
- ์ ๋ขฐ์ฑ โ credibility; reliability
- ๋์ํ๋ค โ to respond
Tip ๐ก Ethics vocabulary often points to values: trust, responsibility, fairness, transparency, and integrity.
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Exercise 5 โ Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐ก๏ธ
A. ๋จ์ํ ๋ฒ์ ์ง์ผฐ๋ค๊ณ ํด์ ๋ชจ๋ ํ์๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋ณผ ์๋ ์๋ค.
Just because an action followed the law, we cannot say every action is ethical. ๐งญ
Answer
์ค๋ฆฌ โ โ Do not treat ์ค๋ฒ and ์ค๋ฆฌ as identical. โ
Lawfulness and ethics overlap, but ethics is broader.
B. ์ ํํ ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ก๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค๋ณด๋ค ๊ท์ ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค๊ฐ ๋ ์์ฐ์ค๋ฝ๋ค.
In accurate Korean, โto comply with regulationsโ is more natural than โto do compliance.โ ๐
Answer
์ปดํ๋ผ์ด์ธ์ค โ โ ์ปดํ๋ผ์ด์ธ์ค๋ฅผ ํ๋ค is vague English-style phrasing. โ
Prefer ๊ท์ ์ ์ค์ํ๋ค or ์ค๋ฒ ๊ฐ์๋ฅผ ๊ฐํํ๋ค.
C. ๋๋ฌผ ์์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์น์ ๋ถ์กฑ์ด ์๋๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ํผ์์ ๋ฌธ์ ์ด๋ค.
A bribery issue is not a lack of kindness; it is damage to integrity. ๐
Answer
์ฒญ๋ ด์ฑ โ โ ์ฒญ๋ ด does not mean general kindness. โ
It means integrity and incorruptibility.
D. ์ ํ ๊ฒฐํจ ์ํ๋ ๋ฒ์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ฟ ์๋๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ ํค์ด๋ค.
Hiding a product defect increases not only legal problems but also reputational risk. ๐ฐ
Answer
ํํ โ โ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ is not only immediate physical danger. โ
It includes reputational harm.
E. ํ๊ณ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ ๊ฐ์ฌํ์ด ์ฅ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํ๋ ์ ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ปํ ์ ์๋ค.
Accounting audit can mean the procedure where the audit team reviews the books. ๐
Answer
๊ฐ์ฌ โ โ ๊ฐ์ฌ is not always gratitude. โ
In corporate contexts, it often means audit.
F. ์๋ฐ ์ฌํญ์ด ํ์ธ๋๋ฉด ํ์ฌ๋ ๋ณ๋ช
๋ณด๋ค ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋จผ์ ์ทจํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
If violations are confirmed, the company should take corrective action before making excuses. ๐ ๏ธ
Answer
์์ ์กฐ์น โ โ
์์ ์กฐ์น๋ฅผ ์ทจํ๋ค is the natural corrective-action phrase.
G. ๋ด๋ถ ํต์ ๊ฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ฉด ์์ ์ค๋ฅ๋ ํฐ ์์ค๋ก ์ด์ด์ง ์ ์๋ค.
If internal controls are insufficient, even small errors can lead to large losses. ๐งฏ
Answer
๋ฏธํก โ โ
๋ด๋ถ ํต์ ๊ฐ ๋ฏธํกํ๋ค is a natural formal expression.
H. ์์์ด ์น์กฑ ํ์ฌ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ํ ๋๋ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ฌ๋ถ๋ฅผ ๊ฒํ ํด์ผ ํ๋ค.
When an executive trades with a relativeโs company, the company should review whether there is a conflict of interest. ๐ฅ
Answer
์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ โ
Private relationships can create ์ดํด์ถฉ๋ concerns.
I. ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ ๊ด๋ฆฌ๋ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ํฐ์ง ๋ค ์ฌ๊ณผํ๋ ์ผ์ด ์๋๋ผ ์ฌ์ ์ ์ํ์ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์ด๋ค.
Risk management is not apologizing after a problem erupts; it is the process of identifying risks in advance. ๐
Answer
์๋ณ โ โ
๋ฆฌ์คํฌ๋ฅผ ์๋ณํ๋ค means to identify risk.
J. ๊ณต์ ์๋ฃ๋ฅผ ๋ช
ํํ ์์ฑํ๋ฉด ํฌ์์์ ์ ๋ณด ์ ๊ทผ์ฑ๊ณผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํจ๊ป ๋์์ง๋ค.
If disclosure materials are written clearly, investorsโ access to information and transparency both increase. ๐
Answer
ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ โ โ
ํฌ๋ช
์ฑ์ด ๋์์ง๋ค means transparency increases.
Vocabulary Box
- ์ค๋ฆฌ์ โ ethical
- ์ปดํ๋ผ์ด์ธ์ค โ compliance
- ์ฒญ๋ ด์ฑ โ integrity
- ํํ ๋ฆฌ์คํฌ โ reputational risk
- ๊ฐ์ฌ โ audit; gratitude depending on context
- ์์ ์กฐ์น โ corrective action
- ๋ฏธํกํ๋ค โ to be insufficient
- ์ดํด์ถฉ๋ โ conflict of interest
- ์๋ณํ๋ค โ to identify
- ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ โ transparency
Tip ๐ก Pitfall patrol rule: choose the Korean collocation that fits the corporate situation, not the first English-looking word that waves at you.
ย
๐ Excellent work โ you can now discuss compliance systems, business ethics, integrity, and risk in polished advanced Korean. Keep these collocations close; they are tiny legal helmets for your sentences. โ๏ธ๐ช