TL;DR
- ์ ๊ฑฐ = new thing ๐
- ์ค๊ณ = used / secondhand โป๏ธ
- ๊ณ ์ฅ = broken / malfunction ๐ง
- ์๋ฆฌ = repair ๐ ๏ธ
- ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค = to be fine / intact โ
Iru Helper Note
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Try this: ์ด๊ฑด ์ค๊ณ ์ง๋ง ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์. ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ ๋๋ฌด ๋น์ธ์ ์ ์์ด์. ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ฉด ์๋ฆฌํ๋ฉด ๋ผ์.
(This is secondhand but it's in good condition. The new one was too expensive so I didn't buy it. If it breaks, I can just get it repaired.)
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๐ The Big Picture
When shopping or talking about belongings, you'll constantly compare ์ ๊ฑฐ and ์ค๊ณ , check whether something is ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค or ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋ฌ์ด์, and decide if it needs ์๋ฆฌ. These five words form the core vocabulary for describing the condition of any object. ๐โป๏ธ๐ง
๐จ The Core Condition Family
1. ์ ๊ฑฐ โ new thing ๐
์ (new, attributive adjective) + ๊ฑฐ (colloquial for ๊ฒ, "thing").
- ์ด๊ฑฐ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์. (This is new.)
- ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ์ฃผ์ธ์. (Please exchange it for a new one.)
โ Grammar note: ์ always precedes a noun directly (์ + noun); ๊ฑฐ is the casual spoken form of ๊ฒ.
2. ์ค๊ณ โ used / secondhand โป๏ธ
A noun meaning "used" or "secondhand," often modifying another noun.
- ์ค๊ณ ๋ก ์์ด์. (I bought it secondhand.)
- ์ค๊ณ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์์. (Secondhand trading apps are very popular.)
โ Grammar note: ์ค๊ณ + noun ("used ~") or ์ค๊ณ ๋ก ("secondhand-ly," with the method marker ๋ก).
3. ๊ณ ์ฅ โ broken / malfunction ๐ง
A noun describing a breakdown or malfunction, almost always paired with ๋๋ค.
- ์ด๊ฒ ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋ฌ์ด์. (This is broken.)
- ๊ณ ์ฅ์ด ๋์ ๋ชป ์จ์. (It's broken so I can't use it.)
โ Grammar note: ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค = "to break down/malfunction" โ uses ๋๋ค ("to occur"), not ๋๋ค.
4. ์๋ฆฌ โ repair ๐ ๏ธ
A noun for "repair," commonly paired with ํ๋ค.
- ์๋ฆฌํด ์ฃผ์ธ์. (Please repair it.)
- ์๋ฆฌ ๋น์ฉ์ด ์ผ๋ง์์? (How much does the repair cost?)
โ Grammar note: ์๋ฆฌํ๋ค = ์๋ฆฌ + ํ๋ค = "to repair" โ a standard noun+ํ๋ค verb.
5. ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค โ to be fine / intact โ
A descriptive verb (adjective) meaning "undamaged" or "in fine condition."
- ํธ๋ํฐ์ด ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์. (The phone is fine/intact.)
- ๋จ์ด์ก๋๋ฐ ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค์. (It fell but it's still fine.)
โ Grammar note: ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค conjugates like other -ํ๋ค adjectives โ ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์, ๋ฉ์ฉกํ.
๐ ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence
- ์ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ ์๊ณ ๋ณด๋ ์ค๊ณ ์์ด์.
(It seemed new, but it turned out to be used.)
โ ~๊ฐ๋ค ("seems like") + ์๊ณ ๋ณด๋ ("it turns out that").
- ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒผ์ด์.
(It broke, so I took it in for repair.)
โ ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค (to break down) + ~์์/์ด์ ("so/because") + ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ธฐ๋ค ("entrust for repair").
- ์๋ฆฌํ๋๋ ๋ค์ ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์ก์ด์.
(After repairing it, it became fine again.)
โ ~์๋๋/์๋๋ ("having done X, then...") + ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์ง๋ค ("to become fine").
๐งฉ General Formation Rule
- ์ ๊ฑฐ/์ค๊ณ /๊ณ ์ฅ/์๋ฆฌ โ nouns; ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค โ descriptive verb
- ์ + noun โ "new ~"
- ์ค๊ณ + noun / ์ค๊ณ ๋ก โ "used ~" / "secondhand-ly"
- ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค โ to break down
- ์๋ฆฌํ๋ค โ to repair
- ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค โ ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์ โ to be fine/intact
๐ Cross-check note
All vocabulary cross-checked against korean.go.kr โ
๐ช Synonym Alert
- ์ ๊ฑฐ vs ์๊ฒ โ ์ ๊ฑฐ = casual spoken form; ์๊ฒ = written/formal form (same meaning).
- ์ค๊ณ vs ํ ๊ฑฐ โ ์ค๊ณ = "used/secondhand" (neutral, common in commerce); ํ ๊ฑฐ = "old/worn thing" (casual, can sound negative).
- ๊ณ ์ฅ vs ๋ง๊ฐ์ง๋ค โ ๊ณ ์ฅ (๋๋ค) = malfunction (especially electronics/machines); ๋ง๊ฐ์ง๋ค = to get damaged/ruined (broader โ objects, plans, relationships).
- ์๋ฆฌ vs ๊ณ ์น๋ค โ ์๋ฆฌ(ํ๋ค) = "repair" (formal/technical, often a paid service); ๊ณ ์น๋ค = "to fix" (everyday verb, broader use).
- ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค vs ๊ด์ฐฎ๋ค โ ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค = physically intact/undamaged; ๊ด์ฐฎ๋ค = "okay/fine" (broader โ feelings, situations too).
โ ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge
- โ Saying ๊ณ ์ฅ์ด ๋๋ค โ โ ๊ณ ์ฅ์ด ๋๋ค ("to break down") โ ๋๋ค, not ๋๋ค.
- โ Saying ์๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ํ๋ค โ โ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ๋ค / ์๋ฆฌํ๋ค ("to repair").
- โ Using ์ without a following noun โ โ ์ ๊ฑฐ / ์๊ฒ ("a new one") โ ์ needs ๊ฑฐ/๊ฒ to stand as a noun.
- โ Saying ์ค๊ณ ์ด๋ค awkwardly โ โ ์ค๊ณ ์์ / ์ค๊ณ ๋ก ์์ด์ โ more natural.
- โ Confusing ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค (intact/undamaged) with ๊นจ๋ํ๋ค (clean) โ different meanings.
์ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฅ, ์๋ฆฌ, ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค โ ์ํ๋ฅผ ์ ํํ ๋งํด์! ๐โป๏ธ๐ง๐ ๏ธโ
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Try this exercise
Fill in each blank with the correct word (์ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฅ, ์๋ฆฌ, or ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์).
A. ์ด๊ฑฐ ___์์. (This is new.)
Answer
์ ๊ฑฐ
B. ___๋ก ์์ด์. (I bought it secondhand.)
Answer
์ค๊ณ
C. ์ด๊ฒ ___ ๋ฌ์ด์. (This is broken.)
Answer
๊ณ ์ฅ
D. ___ํด ์ฃผ์ธ์. (Please repair it.)
Answer
์๋ฆฌ
E. ํธ๋ํฐ์ด ___. (The phone is fine.)
Answer
๋ฉ์ฉกํด์
F. ___๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ์ฃผ์ธ์. (Please exchange it for a new one.)
Answer
์ ๊ฑฐ
G. ___ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์์. (Secondhand trading apps are popular.)
Answer
์ค๊ณ
H. ___์ด ๋์ ๋ชป ์จ์. (It's broken so I can't use it.)
Answer
๊ณ ์ฅ
I. ___ ๋น์ฉ์ด ์ผ๋ง์์? (How much does the repair cost?)
Answer
์๋ฆฌ
J. ๋จ์ด์ก๋๋ฐ ___. (It fell but it's still fine.)
Answer
๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค์
Vocabulary Box
- ์ ๊ฑฐ โ new thing
- ์ค๊ณ โ used/secondhand; ์ค๊ณ ๋ก
- ๊ณ ์ฅ โ broken; ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค
- ์๋ฆฌ โ repair; ์๋ฆฌํ๋ค
- ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค โ fine/intact
Pitfalls reminder
- ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค, not ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค
- ์ ๊ฑฐ / ์๊ฒ โ ์ needs a noun after it
- ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค โ ๊นจ๋ํ๋ค
Want more reps? Look around your room and describe each item: ์ ๊ฑฐ์์? ์ค๊ณ ์์? ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋ฌ์ด์? ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์?
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Practice Hub: Condition: New, Used, Broken, Fixed
Five exercises to lock in ์ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฅ, ์๋ฆฌ, and ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค. Work through each, then check your answers in the toggles.
Exercise 1 โ Word Recall: Korean โ English ๐โป๏ธ
A. ์ ๊ฑฐ
Answer
new thing
B. ์ค๊ณ
Answer
used / secondhand
C. ๊ณ ์ฅ
Answer
broken / malfunction
D. ์๋ฆฌ
Answer
repair
E. ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค
Answer
to be fine / intact
F. ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค
Answer
to break down
G. ์๋ฆฌํ๋ค
Answer
to repair
H. ์ค๊ณ ๋ก ์ฌ๋ค
Answer
to buy secondhand
I. ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ค
Answer
to exchange for a new one
J. ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์ง๋ค
Answer
to become fine again
Quick Reference
- ์ ๊ฑฐ = new thing, ์ค๊ณ = used/secondhand
- ๊ณ ์ฅ = broken, ์๋ฆฌ = repair
- ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค = fine/intact
- ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค (occur); ์๋ฆฌํ๋ค (do)
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Exercise 2 โ Word Recall: English โ Korean ๐ง๐ ๏ธ
A. new thing
Answer
์ ๊ฑฐ
B. used / secondhand
Answer
์ค๊ณ
C. broken / malfunction
Answer
๊ณ ์ฅ
D. repair
Answer
์๋ฆฌ
E. to be fine / intact
Answer
๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค
F. to break down
Answer
๊ณ ์ฅ ๋๋ค
G. to repair
Answer
์๋ฆฌํ๋ค
H. to buy secondhand
Answer
์ค๊ณ ๋ก ์ฌ๋ค
I. to exchange for a new one
Answer
์ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ค
J. to become fine again
Answer
๋ฉ์ฉกํด์ง๋ค
Quick Reference
- ์๊ฒ = formal written form of ์ ๊ฑฐ
- ํ ๊ฑฐ = old/worn thing (casual)
- ๋ง๊ฐ์ง๋ค = to get damaged/ruined (broader than ๊ณ ์ฅ)
- ๊ณ ์น๋ค = everyday word for "to fix"
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Exercise 3 โ Pattern Practice: Choose the Correct Word โ
A. ์ด ์ ๋ฐ์ ___์์. ํ ๋ฒ๋ ์ ์ ์์ด์.
Answer
์ ๊ฑฐ
B. ์ด ์ฑ
์ ___๋ก ์ธ๊ฒ ์์ด์.
Answer
์ค๊ณ
C. ์ธํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ___ ๋ฌ์ด์.
Answer
๊ณ ์ฅ
D. ์์ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ___ํ์ด์.
Answer
์๋ฆฌ
E. ๋ถ๋ชํ๋๋ฐ ์ฐจ๊ฐ ___ํด์.
Answer
๋ฉ์ฉก
F. ___ ๋ถํ์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ์ด์.
Answer
์๋ฆฌ
G. ___ ์ปดํจํฐ๋ฅผ ์ถ์ฒํด์. ๊ฐ๊ฒฉ์ด ์ธ์.
Answer
์ค๊ณ
H. ์์ด์ปจ์ด ___ ๋์ ๋์์.
Answer
๊ณ ์ฅ
I. ์ด ๊ฐ๋ฐฉ ___ ๊ฐ์์. ํ๊ทธ๋ ์ ๋์ด์.
Answer
์ ๊ฑฐ
J. ๋จ์ด์ก๋๋ฐ ํ๋ฉด์ด ___ํ๋ค์.
Answer
๋ฉ์ฉก
Quick Reference
- ์ ๊ฑฐ = unused, tags still on
- ์ค๊ณ = pre-owned, cheaper
- ๊ณ ์ฅ (๋๋ค) = stopped working
- ์๋ฆฌ (๋ถํ/ํ๋ค) = repair (parts/to repair)
- ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค = no damage despite impact
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Exercise 4 โ Pattern Practice: Translate to English ๐
A. ์ ๊ฑฐ ๊ฐ์๋๋ฐ ์๊ณ ๋ณด๋ ์ค๊ณ ์์ด์.
Answer
It seemed new, but it turned out to be used.
B. ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งก๊ฒผ์ด์.
Answer
It broke, so I took it in for repair.
C. ์๋ฆฌํ๋๋ ๋ค์ ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์ก์ด์.
Answer
After repairing it, it became fine again.
D. ์ด๊ฒ ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋ฌ์ด์.
Answer
This is broken.
E. ์ค๊ณ ๋ก ์์ด์.
Answer
I bought it secondhand.
F. ์ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
Answer
Please exchange it for a new one.
G. ์๋ฆฌ ๋น์ฉ์ด ์ผ๋ง์์?
Answer
How much does the repair cost?
H. ํธ๋ํฐ์ด ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์.
Answer
The phone is fine.
I. ์ค๊ณ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์์.
Answer
Secondhand trading apps are popular.
J. ๊ณ ์ฅ์ด ๋์ ๋ชป ์จ์.
Answer
It's broken so I can't use it.
Quick Reference
- ~๊ฐ๋ค = "seems like"; ์๊ณ ๋ณด๋ = "it turns out"
- ~์์/์ด์ = "so/because"
- ~์๋๋/์๋๋ = "having done X, then..."
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Exercise 5 โ Mixed Mastery: Translate to Korean โป๏ธ๐ ๏ธ
A. This is new.
Answer
์ด๊ฑฐ ์ ๊ฑฐ์์.
B. I bought it secondhand.
Answer
์ค๊ณ ๋ก ์์ด์.
C. This is broken.
Answer
์ด๊ฒ ๊ณ ์ฅ ๋ฌ์ด์.
D. Please repair it.
Answer
์๋ฆฌํด ์ฃผ์ธ์.
E. The phone is fine.
Answer
ํธ๋ํฐ์ด ๋ฉ์ฉกํด์.
F. Please exchange it for a new one.
Answer
์ ๊ฑฐ๋ก ๋ฐ๊ฟ ์ฃผ์ธ์.
G. How much does the repair cost?
Answer
์๋ฆฌ ๋น์ฉ์ด ์ผ๋ง์์?
H. It fell but it's still fine.
Answer
๋จ์ด์ก๋๋ฐ ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค์.
I. It's broken so I can't use it.
Answer
๊ณ ์ฅ์ด ๋์ ๋ชป ์จ์.
J. Secondhand trading apps are popular.
Answer
์ค๊ณ ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ฑ์ด ์ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ๋ง์์.
Quick Reference
- ~ํด ์ฃผ์ธ์ = polite request to do something
- ~๋ค์ = exclamatory ("oh, it's...")
- Review all five words and their verbs before moving on
์ ๊ฑฐ, ์ค๊ณ , ๊ณ ์ฅ, ์๋ฆฌ, ๋ฉ์ฉกํ๋ค โ ์ฐ์ต ์๋ฃ! ๐โป๏ธ๐ง๐ ๏ธโ