๐Ÿง 

Cognitive Flexibility

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ / ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ / ์ ์‘๋ ฅ / ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿง 
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿง  ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ means cognitive flexibility โ€” the ability to shift perspective, strategy, or interpretation when the situation changes.
  • ๐ŸŒฑ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ is the expansion of thinking โ€” broadening how one frames a problem instead of clinging to one narrow view.
  • ๐Ÿงฉ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ and ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ connect this vocabulary to real action: adjusting to new conditions and finding workable solutions.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Try pasting longer sentences into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
and listening for where the idea naturally pauses. Abstract vocabulary becomes less foggy when it has sound. ๐ŸŒซ๏ธ
ย 

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ is the mental skill of not getting trapped in one interpretation, one plan, or one emotional reaction. It combines ์ธ์ง€์  (cognitive) and ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ (flexibility) to describe how flexibly someone can think, reinterpret, adapt, and solve problems. ๐Ÿง 
ย 
This vocabulary appears in psychology, education, leadership, creativity, workplace communication, and problem-solving discussions. A person with strong ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ can revise assumptions, compare alternatives, and change strategy when evidence or context shifts.
ย 
The key is that flexibility is not the same as having no principles. It means being able to adjust oneโ€™s thinking while still evaluating evidence carefully. Basically: your brain owns a swivel chair, not a concrete throne. ๐Ÿช‘

๐ŸŽจ The Core Cognitive Flexibility Family

  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ = cognitive flexibility; the ability to shift thinking, perspective, or strategy.
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ = expansion of thinking; broadening oneโ€™s frame or range of ideas.
  • ์ ์‘๋ ฅ = adaptability; the ability to adjust to new situations.
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ = problem solving; identifying and working through a problem.
  • ๊ด€์  = perspective; a way of seeing or interpreting something.
  • ์ „๋žต = strategy; a method or plan for achieving a goal.
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ = alternative; another possible option or solution.
  • ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋… = stereotype / fixed idea; a rigid idea that can limit thinking.
  • ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to switch / shift; useful with ๊ด€์ , ์ „๋žต, and ์‚ฌ๊ณ .
  • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค = to reframe / reconstruct; to reorganize an idea or problem in a new way.
ย 
A helpful mental map: ๊ด€์  is the lens, ์ „๋žต is the route, ๋Œ€์•ˆ is the side road, and ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ is the ability to say, โ€œMaybe this map needs rotating.โ€ ๐Ÿ—บ๏ธ

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ „๋žต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • A person with high cognitive flexibility interprets failure as an opportunity to find a new strategy. ๐Ÿ”
      ์‹คํŒจ = failure; ๊ธฐํšŒ = opportunity; ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to interpret.
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • The expansion of thinking lets someone view a familiar problem from another perspective. ๐ŸŒฑ
      ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ = familiar; ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ด€์  = another perspective; ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค = to view.
  • ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    • Adaptability makes effective problem solving possible in a changing environment. ๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ
      ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ = changing environment; ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ธ = effective.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This lesson is vocabulary-centered, so focus on natural thinking-and-problem-solving collocations:
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๋‹ค = to develop cognitive flexibility
  • ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to shift perspective
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to expand oneโ€™s thinking
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค = to seek alternatives
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค = to reframe a problem
  • ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค = to adapt to change
ย 
๐Ÿง 
[์‚ฌ๋žŒ/์กฐ์ง/ํ•™์ƒ/๋ฆฌ๋”] + [๊ด€์ /์ „๋žต/๋ฌธ์ œ/์‚ฌ๊ณ ] + [์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค/ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค/์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค/๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค]
ย 
Example: ์ข‹์€ ๋ฆฌ๋”๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A good leader shifts perspective and seeks new alternatives in a crisis. ๐Ÿšฆ

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The vocabulary, meanings, and collocations in this lesson were cross-checked against Korean usage patterns and dictionary-style meanings available through ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› / korean.go.kr. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ = cognitive flexibility; formal, academic, and psychology-friendly.
  • ์œตํ†ต์„ฑ = flexibility / practical adaptability; more everyday and behavior-focused.
  • ์ ์‘๋ ฅ = adaptability; emphasizes adjustment to conditions.
  • ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ = creativity; related but not identical.
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ = expansion of thinking; broader framing of ideas.
  • ๊ด€์  ์ „ํ™˜ = perspective shift; a specific act of changing viewpoint.
  • ๊ณ ์ง‘ = stubbornness; can be the opposite of flexibility when it blocks revision.

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ = changing opinions randomly โ†’ โœ… It means adjusting thinking based on context, evidence, and alternatives.
  • โŒ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ = passive obedience โ†’ โœ… It means adjusting effectively, not simply accepting everything.
  • โŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ = adding more words โ†’ โœ… It means broadening the frame or considering more possibilities.
  • โŒ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ and ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ are identical โ†’ โœ… They overlap, but flexibility is about shifting frames; creativity is about novelty.
  • โŒ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋… is always obvious โ†’ โœ… Fixed ideas can feel โ€œnormal,โ€ which is exactly why they limit problem solving quietly.
ย 
Cognitive flexibility is the skill of letting your thinking stretch without letting it flop over like overcooked noodles. Flexible, not shapeless. ๐Ÿœโœจ
ย 

Try this exercise

Choose the most natural word for each sentence. Read the Korean first, decide whether the sentence focuses on perspective, alternatives, adaptation, fixed ideas, or problem solving, then open the Answer toggle. ๐Ÿง 
1. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
When new evidence appears, one should be able to change the existing perspective. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ด€์  โ€” perspective; cognitive flexibility often begins with a shift in viewpoint.
2. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์—๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณด๋‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Complex problems require examining several alternatives rather than one answer. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
๋Œ€์•ˆ โ€” alternatives or possible solutions.
3. ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋†’์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
In a rapidly changing environment, high adaptability is important. ๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ
Answer
์ ์‘๋ ฅ โ€” adaptability to new conditions.
4. ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
Fixed thinking makes problem solving difficult. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ = problem solving.
5. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ์ง€์‹์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Knowledge from another field helps expand thinking. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
ํ™•์žฅ โ€” expansion; widening the range of thinking.
6. ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค์Œ ์ „๋žต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค.
If one reinterprets failure as a learning opportunity, it becomes easier to find the next strategy. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
ํ•ด์„ โ€” ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋‹ค = to interpret.
7. ํŒ€์€ ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ „๋žต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The team abandoned the old method and shifted its strategy. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
์ „ํ™˜ โ€” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to shift strategy.
8. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆจ์€ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If one reframes the problem differently, a hidden cause may become visible. ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธ
Answer
์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ โ€” ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค = to reframe or reconstruct.
9. ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Stereotypes can limit new possibilities. ๐Ÿšง
Answer
์ œํ•œ โ€” ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค = to limit.
10. ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์ง„๋‹ค.
Cognitive flexibility is developed through the process of comparing diverse perspectives. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ณผ์ • โ€” process; flexibility grows through repeated practice.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ โ†’ new evidence
  • ๊ด€์  โ†’ perspective
  • ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ complex problem
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ โ†’ alternative
  • ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to examine
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ โ†’ environment
  • ์ ์‘๋ ฅ โ†’ adaptability
  • ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ƒ๊ฐ โ†’ fixed thinking
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ problem solving
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ โ†’ expansion of thinking
  • ์‹คํŒจ โ†’ failure
  • ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to interpret
  • ์ „๋žต โ†’ strategy
  • ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to shift
  • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reframe
  • ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋… โ†’ fixed idea, stereotype
  • ์ œํ•œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to limit
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ โ†’ cognitive flexibility
  • ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to compare
  • ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ process
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Flexible thinking asks, โ€œWhat else could this mean, and what else could we try?โ€

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Continue into the Practice Hub and give your thinking muscles a polite but serious workout. ๐Ÿ‹๏ธ
ย 
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Cognitive Flexibility
ย 
Welcome to your cognitive-flexibility gym. ๐Ÿง  This set helps you use ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ, ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ, ์ ์‘๋ ฅ, and ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ in advanced Korean sentences. Youโ€™ll practice shifting perspectives, seeking alternatives, reframing problems, and avoiding the sneaky mental glue of ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…. ๐Ÿงด
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
when you want to hear the rhythm of a longer abstract sentence.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the most natural Korean word or expression. After answering, ask whether the sentence is about a perspective shift, adaptation, alternative search, problem reframing, or a pitfall.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Perspective Shifts ๐Ÿ”

A. ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
In a conflict situation, the ability to view the problem from the other personโ€™s perspective is needed. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๊ด€์  โ€” perspective; a core element of cognitive flexibility.
B. ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋„ ํ•ด์„์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The same event can look completely different depending on the frame of interpretation. ๐Ÿ–ผ๏ธ
Answer
ํ‹€ โ€” frame; how an event is interpreted.
C. ๋ฆฌ๋”๋Š” ์œ„๊ธฐ ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A leader must be able to expand thinking even in a crisis. ๐Ÿšจ
Answer
ํ™•์žฅ โ€” ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to broaden thinking.
D. ๋‚ฏ์„  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„ ๋“ค์„ ๋•Œ ์ฆ‰์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋„“ํžŒ๋‹ค.
An attitude of not immediately rejecting unfamiliar opinions broadens perspective. ๐Ÿ‘‚
Answer
์‹œ์•ผ โ€” field of view; metaphorically, perspective.
E. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ๋„์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ๋‹ค.
When looking at a problem from another angle, a new possibility is revealed. ๐Ÿ’ก
Answer
๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ€” possibility.
F. ๊ด€์  ์ „ํ™˜์€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค.
A perspective shift begins with questioning a familiar conclusion. โ“
Answer
์งˆ๋ฌธ โ€” question; flexible thinking often starts by asking again.
G. ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ค„์ด๋ ค๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To reduce bias, one must examine oneโ€™s own standards of judgment. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to examine.
H. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์„ค๋ช…์—๋งŒ ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค.
If one clings to only one explanation, expansion of thinking becomes difficult. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
ํ™•์žฅ โ€” expansion of thinking.
I. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด์„์˜ ํญ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง„๋‹ค.
When comparing diverse cases, the range of interpretation becomes broader. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
๋„“์–ด โ€” ๋„“์–ด์ง€๋‹ค = to become wider.
J. ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์ž ์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š” ํž˜์ด๋‹ค.
Cognitive flexibility is the power to look at oneโ€™s own thinking from a distance for a moment. ๐Ÿ›ฐ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ โ€” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋‹ค = to view from a distance.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ ์ƒํ™ฉ โ†’ conflict situation
  • ์ƒ๋Œ€ โ†’ the other person
  • ๊ด€์  โ†’ perspective
  • ์‚ฌ๊ฑด โ†’ event
  • ํ•ด์„ โ†’ interpretation
  • ํ‹€ โ†’ frame
  • ๋ฆฌ๋” โ†’ leader
  • ์œ„๊ธฐ โ†’ crisis
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ  โ†’ thinking
  • ํ™•์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to expand
  • ๋‚ฏ์„  ์˜๊ฒฌ โ†’ unfamiliar opinion
  • ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reject
  • ์‹œ์•ผ โ†’ field of view, perspective
  • ๊ฐ๋„ โ†’ angle
  • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ possibility
  • ๊ด€์  ์ „ํ™˜ โ†’ perspective shift
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ก  โ†’ conclusion
  • ์งˆ๋ฌธ โ†’ question
  • ํŽธ๊ฒฌ โ†’ bias
  • ํŒ๋‹จ ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ standard of judgment
  • ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to examine
  • ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to cling to
  • ์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ†’ case
  • ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to compare
  • ๋„“์–ด์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to become wider
  • ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ โ†’ distance
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Perspective shift is not abandoning thought; it is moving the camera.
ย 

Exercise 2 โ€” Adaptability and Strategy ๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ

A. ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์ง์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
In a rapidly changing organization, membersโ€™ adaptability becomes competitiveness. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์ ์‘๋ ฅ โ€” adaptability in changing conditions.
B. ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋ฉด ์ „๋žต์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ์šฉ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
When a plan fails, the courage to shift strategy is needed. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์ „ํ™˜ โ€” ์ „๋žต์„ ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค = to change strategy.
C. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์กด ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To adapt to new technology, one must revise existing habits. ๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
์ˆ˜์ • โ€” ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค = to revise.
D. ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ํ–‰๋™์„ ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
An unexpected result can become a clue for adjusting the next action. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๋‹จ์„œ โ€” clue.
E. ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋‘”๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ง„๋‹ค.
If one is insensitive to environmental change, the speed of problem solving slows down. ๐Ÿข
Answer
๋А๋ ค โ€” ๋А๋ ค์ง€๋‹ค = to become slow.
F. ์ข‹์€ ์ „๋žต์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A good strategy should be adjustable depending on the situation. ๐Ÿ”ง
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ์กฐ์ • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค = to be adjustable.
G. ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ์••๋ฐ• ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์„ ํƒ์ง€๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค.
Adaptability is the ability to reorganize options even under pressure. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์žฌ์ •๋ฆฌ โ€” ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค = to reorganize.
H. ํŒ€์€ ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The team adjusted priorities in line with market changes. ๐Ÿ“ˆ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” to adjust or coordinate priorities.
I. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
In the process of accepting new conditions, flexibility of thinking is needed. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ โ€” flexibility.
J. ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์€ ์žƒ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค.
A person strong in crisis changes the method but does not lose the direction of the goal. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ€” direction; flexibility does not mean losing purpose.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅธ โ†’ rapidly changing
  • ์กฐ์ง โ†’ organization
  • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์› โ†’ member
  • ์ ์‘๋ ฅ โ†’ adaptability
  • ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ โ†’ competitiveness
  • ๊ณ„ํš โ†’ plan
  • ์‹คํŒจํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to fail
  • ์ „๋žต โ†’ strategy
  • ์ „ํ™˜ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to shift
  • ์šฉ๊ธฐ โ†’ courage
  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ  โ†’ new technology
  • ๊ธฐ์กด ์Šต๊ด€ โ†’ existing habit
  • ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to revise
  • ์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ โ†’ unexpected result
  • ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to adjust
  • ๋‹จ์„œ โ†’ clue
  • ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ environmental change
  • ๋‘”๊ฐํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be insensitive
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ problem solving
  • ๋А๋ ค์ง€๋‹ค โ†’ to slow down
  • ์„ ํƒ์ง€ โ†’ options
  • ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reorganize
  • ์‹œ์žฅ ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ market change
  • ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ โ†’ priority
  • ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ โ†’ flexibility
  • ๋ชฉํ‘œ โ†’ goal
  • ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†’ direction
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Adaptability changes methods without throwing the goal into the ocean.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Problem Reframing ๐Ÿงฉ

A. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์˜ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค.
If one reframes a problem newly, the range of solutions also changes. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค = to reframe a problem.
B. ์›์ธ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If one concludes there is only one cause, one may miss a complex structure. ๐Ÿ•ธ๏ธ
Answer
๊ตฌ์กฐ โ€” structure; useful in analyzing problems.
C. ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the question changes, the focus of the problem can change. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์ดˆ์  โ€” focus.
D. ์‹คํŒจ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ˆจ์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
By analyzing failure cases, one can discover hidden patterns. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํŒจํ„ด โ€” pattern.
E. ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์—๋Š” ๋น ๋ฅธ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋จผ์ € ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Problem solving needs accurate diagnosis before quick conclusions. ๐Ÿฉบ
Answer
์ง„๋‹จ โ€” diagnosis; identifying what the problem really is.
F. ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Before seeking alternatives, one must examine the conditions of the problem. ๐Ÿ“„
Answer
๊ฒ€ํ†  โ€” ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค = to examine.
G. ํ•œ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•ด์ง€๋ฉด ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค.
When limits become clear, creative problem solving can actually become possible. ๐ŸŽจ
Answer
ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ€” from ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ; finding a workable solution.
H. ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ค๋ช…์ด ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
If the existing explanation does not fit, the hypothesis must be revised. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์ˆ˜์ • โ€” ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค = to revise.
I. ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํƒ“์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ œ๋„์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค.
If one sees the problem only as an individualโ€™s fault, one cannot see institutional causes. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
์›์ธ โ€” cause; here, institutional cause.
J. ์ข‹์€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋‹ซํžŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์—ด๋ฆฐ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค.
A good question changes closed thinking into open exploration. ๐Ÿšช
Answer
ํƒ๊ตฌ โ€” exploration or inquiry.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ โ†’ problem
  • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reframe, reconstruct
  • ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… โ†’ solution
  • ๋ฒ”์œ„ โ†’ range, scope
  • ์›์ธ โ†’ cause
  • ๋‹จ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to conclude hastily
  • ๋ณตํ•ฉ์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ โ†’ complex structure
  • ์งˆ๋ฌธ โ†’ question
  • ์ดˆ์  โ†’ focus
  • ์‹คํŒจ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ โ†’ failure case
  • ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to analyze
  • ํŒจํ„ด โ†’ pattern
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ problem solving
  • ๊ฒฐ๋ก  โ†’ conclusion
  • ์ง„๋‹จ โ†’ diagnosis
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ โ†’ alternative
  • ์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ condition
  • ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to examine
  • ํ•œ๊ณ„ โ†’ limit
  • ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ creative solution
  • ๊ธฐ์กด ์„ค๋ช… โ†’ existing explanation
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค โ†’ hypothesis
  • ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to revise
  • ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ํƒ“ โ†’ individual blame
  • ์ œ๋„์  ์›์ธ โ†’ institutional cause
  • ๋‹ซํžŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  โ†’ closed thinking
  • ํƒ๊ตฌ โ†’ exploration, inquiry
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Reframing asks, โ€œAre we solving the real problem, or just wrestling its shadow?โ€
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Fixed Ideas and Alternatives ๐Ÿšง

A. ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋กœ๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค.
A stereotype makes one see a person only through one category. ๐Ÿท๏ธ
Answer
๋ฒ”์ฃผ โ€” category; a narrow frame for viewing people.
B. ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋จผ์ € ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
To seek diverse alternatives, one must first move away from a familiar frame. ๐Ÿ–ผ๏ธ
Answer
ํ‹€ โ€” frame.
C. ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋„“ํžˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
An opposing opinion can become material that broadens thinking. ๐Ÿงฑ
Answer
์ž๋ฃŒ โ€” material or data for thinking.
D. ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…๋งŒ ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋†“์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If one insists on only one solution, one may miss a better alternative. ๐Ÿ›ค๏ธ
Answer
๋Œ€์•ˆ โ€” alternative.
E. ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Cognitive flexibility helps reduce bias. ๐Ÿงผ
Answer
์ค„์ด โ€” full form: ์ค„์ด๋‹ค, to reduce.
F. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
New information can make one revise existing beliefs. ๐Ÿ“ฐ
Answer
์ˆ˜์ • โ€” to revise.
G. ๊ณ ์ง‘์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฌผ์ด ๋œ๋‹ค.
Stubbornness sometimes becomes an obstacle to problem solving. ๐Ÿชจ
Answer
์žฅ์•  โ€” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ = obstacle.
H. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌธํ™”์™€์˜ ์ ‘์ด‰์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํญ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ค€๋‹ค.
Contact with another culture broadens the range of thinking. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋„“ํ˜€ โ€” ๋„“ํ˜€ ์ฃผ๋‹ค = to broaden for someone.
I. ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋ฉด ์„ ํƒ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค.
Comparing alternatives increases the quality of choice. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
์งˆ โ€” quality.
J. ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋Š” ๋‚ฏ์„  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ๋‹ค.
Flexible thinking begins with an attitude of exploring unfamiliar possibilities. ๐Ÿ”ฆ
Answer
ํƒ์ƒ‰ โ€” ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค = to explore or search.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋… โ†’ stereotype, fixed idea
  • ๋ฒ”์ฃผ โ†’ category
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ โ†’ alternative
  • ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to seek
  • ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ํ‹€ โ†’ familiar frame
  • ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜๋‹ค โ†’ to move away from
  • ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ ์˜๊ฒฌ โ†’ opposing opinion
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ  โ†’ thinking
  • ์ž๋ฃŒ โ†’ material, data
  • ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ… โ†’ solution
  • ๊ณ ์ง‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to insist stubbornly
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ โ†’ cognitive flexibility
  • ํŽธ๊ฒฌ โ†’ bias
  • ์ค„์ด๋‹ค โ†’ to reduce
  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ •๋ณด โ†’ new information
  • ๊ธฐ์กด ๋ฏฟ์Œ โ†’ existing belief
  • ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to revise
  • ๊ณ ์ง‘ โ†’ stubbornness
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ problem solving
  • ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ โ†’ obstacle
  • ๋ฌธํ™” โ†’ culture
  • ์ ‘์ด‰ โ†’ contact
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํญ โ†’ range of thinking
  • ๋„“ํžˆ๋‹ค โ†’ to broaden
  • ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to compare
  • ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์งˆ โ†’ quality of choice
  • ์œ ์—ฐํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  โ†’ flexible thinking
  • ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ โ†’ possibility
  • ํƒ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to explore
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Alternatives often appear after you stop treating your first idea like royalty.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์•„๋ฌด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โœ… ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์ด๋‹ค.
Wrong: cognitive flexibility means changing thoughts randomly. Right: it is the ability to adjust thinking based on grounds. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” to adjust; flexibility is evidence-sensitive, not random.
B. โŒ ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๋‹ค. โœ… ์ ์‘๋ ฅ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์ด๋‹ค.
Wrong: adaptability means obeying unconditionally. Right: it is the power to respond effectively to change. ๐ŸŒฆ๏ธ
Answer
๋Œ€์‘ โ€” ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค = to respond.
C. โŒ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์€ ๋ง๋งŒ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค. โœ… ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋„“์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.
Wrong: expanding thinking means just talking longer. Right: it means seeing a problem in a broader context. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
๋งฅ๋ฝ โ€” context.
D. โŒ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค. โœ… ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€, ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๊ด€์ ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
Wrong: creativity and cognitive flexibility are exactly the same. Right: creativity is novelty; flexibility is closer to shifting perspectives. ๐ŸŽจ
Answer
์ „ํ™˜ โ€” shift or transition.
E. โŒ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ธ๋‹ค. โœ… ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์€ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ํŒ๋‹จ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Wrong: fixed ideas are always easy to see. Right: stereotypes can hide like familiar judgment. ๐Ÿ•ต๏ธ
Answer
์ˆจ์„ โ€” from ์ˆจ๋‹ค, to hide.
F. ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์ฆ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ํƒœ๋„๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
When new evidence appears, an attitude of revising the hypothesis is needed. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์ˆ˜์ • โ€” to revise.
G. ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ด€์ ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ดํ•ด๋œ๋‹ค.
A complex conflict is properly understood only when several perspectives are compared. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋น„๊ต โ€” to compare.
H. ์‹คํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋ฉด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If failure is interpreted differently, one can find a new strategy. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์ „๋žต โ€” strategy.
I. ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋ง‰ํž ๋•Œ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
When problem solving is stuck, it is necessary to try reframing the question itself. โ“
Answer
์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑ โ€” to reframe or reconstruct.
J. ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™” ์†์—์„œ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด ์ค€๋‹ค.
Cognitive flexibility allows one to seek better alternatives amid change. ๐Ÿ›ค๏ธ
Answer
๋ชจ์ƒ‰ โ€” ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค = to seek.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์ธ์ง€์  ์œ ์—ฐ์„ฑ โ†’ cognitive flexibility
  • ์•„๋ฌด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ โ†’ randomly, carelessly
  • ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ โ†’ grounds, basis
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ  โ†’ thinking
  • ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to adjust
  • ์ ์‘๋ ฅ โ†’ adaptability
  • ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด โ†’ unconditionally
  • ๋ณ€ํ™” โ†’ change
  • ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to respond
  • ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ํ™•์žฅ โ†’ expansion of thinking
  • ๋งฅ๋ฝ โ†’ context
  • ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ โ†’ creativity
  • ์ƒˆ๋กœ์›€ โ†’ novelty
  • ๊ด€์  โ†’ perspective
  • ์ „ํ™˜ โ†’ shift
  • ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋… โ†’ stereotype, fixed idea
  • ํŒ๋‹จ โ†’ judgment
  • ์ˆจ๋‹ค โ†’ to hide
  • ์ฆ๊ฑฐ โ†’ evidence
  • ๊ฐ€์„ค โ†’ hypothesis
  • ์ˆ˜์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to revise
  • ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ โ†’ conflict
  • ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to compare
  • ์‹คํŒจ โ†’ failure
  • ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to interpret
  • ์ „๋žต โ†’ strategy
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ โ†’ problem solving
  • ์žฌ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to reframe
  • ๋Œ€์•ˆ โ†’ alternative
  • ๋ชจ์ƒ‰ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to seek
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: flexible thinking is disciplined movement, not mental spaghetti. ๐Ÿ
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work. You can now discuss cognitive flexibility as a precise advanced concept: perspective shifts, adaptation, problem reframing, alternatives, and the quiet danger of fixed ideas all in one elegant mental toolkit. ๐Ÿงฐโœจ