๐Ÿ‘€

Citing a known fact: -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ

Keywords
-๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Intermediate Grammar
๐Ÿ‘€
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿ‘€ -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [-da-si-pi] means โ€œas you know / as you can see / as I mentioned.โ€ It cites a fact the listener can already know, see, hear, feel, or infer.
  • ๐Ÿง  It most naturally appears with perception or recognition verbs: ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] = as you know, ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-da-si-pi] = as you see, ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] = as you hear.
  • ๐Ÿงฉ Be careful: -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค can mean โ€œalmost / practically,โ€ as in ์‚ด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” [sal-da-si-pi hae-sseo-yo] = practically lived there. That is a related but different use.
๐Ÿ”Š
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi], ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi], and ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi]. This pattern should sound like you are gently pointing to shared evidence, not dropping a grammar anvil. ๐Ÿง โœจ
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๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

-๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [-da-si-pi] is a connective ending that means โ€œasโ€ฆโ€ when you are citing a fact the listener can recognize from knowledge, sight, hearing, feeling, or previous conversation.
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It is the Korean equivalent of phrases like:
  • โ€œAs you knowโ€ฆโ€
  • โ€œAs you can seeโ€ฆโ€
  • โ€œAs you heardโ€ฆโ€
  • โ€œAs I mentionedโ€ฆโ€
  • โ€œAs you can guessโ€ฆโ€
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A very common sentence shape is:
  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋‚ด์ผ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • [a-si-da-si-pi, nae-il hoe-ui-neun ol-la-in-im-ni-da]
      As you know, tomorrowโ€™s meeting is online. ๐Ÿ’ป
      ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ = as you know, ๋‚ด์ผ = tomorrow, ํšŒ์˜ = meeting, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ = online.
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This pattern is useful because it lets you anchor your next point in shared evidence. You are not just saying a fact out of nowhere; you are saying, โ€œYou already know / saw / heard this, so here is the point.โ€ ๐Ÿ“Œ
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๐ŸŽจ The Core -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ Family

1. ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ / ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ€” as you know ๐Ÿง 

  • ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] = as one knows / as you know.
  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] = as you know, honorific/polite. This comes from ์•Œ๋‹ค + -์‹œ- + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ; the ใ„น drops before -์‹œ-.
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Examples:
  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [a-si-da-si-pi, o-neul il-jeong-i ba-kkwi-eo-sseo-yo]
      As you know, todayโ€™s schedule changed. ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ
      ์˜ค๋Š˜ = today, ์ผ์ • = schedule, ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‹ค = to change.
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
    • [al-da-si-pi, i mun-je-neun swip-jji a-na-yo]
      As you know, this problem is not easy. ๐Ÿงฉ
      ์ด = this, ๋ฌธ์ œ = problem, ์‰ฝ๋‹ค = to be easy, ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค = to not be easy.
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2. ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ / ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ€” as you see ๐Ÿ‘€

Use this when the evidence is visible: a chart, photo, screen, room, line, ticket status, or situation.
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Examples:
  • ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์ง„๋์–ด์š”.
    • [bo-si-da-si-pi, pyo-ga i-mi mae-jin-dwae-sseo-yo]
      As you can see, the tickets are already sold out. ๐ŸŽŸ๏ธ
      ํ‘œ = ticket, ์ด๋ฏธ = already, ๋งค์ง„๋˜๋‹ค = to be sold out.
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•ด์š”.
    • [bo-da-si-pi, sa-ji-ni a-ju seon-myeong-hae-yo]
      As you can see, the photo is very clear. ๐Ÿ“ท
      ์‚ฌ์ง„ = photo, ์•„์ฃผ = very, ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค = to be clear.
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3. ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ / ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ / ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ€” as you hear, feel, or guess ๐Ÿ‘‚

These cite information the listener can recognize through sound, feeling, or inference.
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Examples:
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฐ–์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์™€์š”.
    • [deut-da-si-pi, ba-kke bi-ga ma-ni wa-yo]
      As you can hear, it is raining a lot outside. โ˜”
      ๋ฐ– = outside, ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋‹ค = to rain, ๋งŽ์ด = a lot.
  • ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ฐฉ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ถ”์›Œ์š”.
    • [neu-kki-da-si-pi, bang-i jo-geum chu-wo-yo]
      As you can feel, the room is a little cold. โ„๏ธ
      ๋ฐฉ = room, ์กฐ๊ธˆ = a little, ์ถฅ๋‹ค = to be cold.
  • ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
    • [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi, gyeol-gwa-ga jot-chi a-na-sseo-yo]
      As you can guess, the result was not good. ๐Ÿ“‰
      ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ = result, ์ข‹๋‹ค = to be good, ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค = to not be good.
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4. ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ / ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ€” as I said / as I mentioned ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ

Use these to refer back to something already said.
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Examples:
  • ์•„๊นŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
    • [a-kka mal-haet-da-si-pi, yak-ssok si-ga-ni ba-kkwi-eo-sseo-yo]
      As I said earlier, the appointment time changed. โฐ
      ์•„๊นŒ = earlier, ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค = to say, ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„ = appointment time.
  • ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ํ˜ธํ…” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
    • [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi, ho-tel ye-ya-geun kkeun-na-sseo-yo]
      As I mentioned, the hotel reservation is finished. ๐Ÿจ
      ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค = to tell/say politely, ํ˜ธํ…” = hotel, ์˜ˆ์•ฝ = reservation, ๋๋‚˜๋‹ค = to finish.
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๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How It Works in a Sentence

1. Shared knowledge โ†’ next point
  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ๋ฐ”๋น ์š”.
    • [a-si-da-si-pi, u-ri hoe-sa-neun i-beon ju-e ba-ppa-yo]
      As you know, our company is busy this week. ๐Ÿข
      ์šฐ๋ฆฌ = our, ํšŒ์‚ฌ = company, ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ = this week, ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค = to be busy.
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2. Visible evidence โ†’ conclusion
  • ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ์•ž์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
    • [bo-si-da-si-pi, ji-ha-cheol-lyeok a-pe sa-ra-mi ma-na-yo]
      As you can see, there are many people in front of the subway station. ๐Ÿš‡
      ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ = subway station, ์•ž = front, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ = person, ๋งŽ๋‹ค = to be many.
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3. Previous statement โ†’ reminder
  • ์–ด์ œ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ด ์•ฑ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์˜ˆ์š”.
    • [eo-je seol-myeong-haet-da-si-pi, i ae-beun mu-ryo-ye-yo]
      As I explained yesterday, this app is free. ๐Ÿ“ฑ
      ์–ด์ œ = yesterday, ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค = to explain, ์•ฑ = app, ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ = free.
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๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

Attach -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ directly to a verb stem or to a past form when you are referring back to what was said, shown, or explained.
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Common practical forms:
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] = as you know.
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค + -์‹œ- + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] = as you know, polite/honorific.
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค + -์‹œ- + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] = as you see, polite/honorific.
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] = as you hear.
  • ๋งํ•˜๋‹ค + -์—ˆ- + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi] = as I said.
  • ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค + -์—ˆ- + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [seol-myeong-haet-da-si-pi] = as I explained.
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๐Ÿšจ Exception Rule: ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ vs ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ

Do not write ์•„๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ for โ€œas you know.โ€ The plain form is:
  • โœ… ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi]
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But when you add the honorific -์‹œ-, ์•Œ๋‹ค drops ใ„น before -์‹œ-:
  • โœ… ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi]
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This is the same broad ใ„น-dropping behavior seen before endings that begin with ใ„ด, ใ…‚, ใ……, and the honorific -์‹œ-. So the special-looking form is not random; it follows a known Korean pattern. ๐Ÿง 
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๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

The meaning and examples of -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ were checked against korean.go.kr / ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ๊ตญ์–ด์› guidance: -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ can mean -๋Š” ๋ฐ”์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด (โ€œas / as is the caseโ€), especially after perception verbs such as ์•Œ๋‹ค, ๋ณด๋‹ค, ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค, and ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค. โœ…
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๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] = as you know; polite, common in presentations, emails, explanations, and careful speech. ๐Ÿง 
  • ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] = as you can see; points to visible evidence. ๐Ÿ‘€
  • ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi] = as I mentioned; polite and formal. ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
  • ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi] = as I said; less formal than ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ. ๐Ÿ’ฌ
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-da-si-pi] and ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] are plainer; use the -์‹œ- versions when addressing someone politely.
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โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ์•„๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ โœ… ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ / ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ (plain ์•Œ๋‹ค keeps ใ„น; honorific ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ drops it before -์‹œ-).
  • โŒ Using ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ when there is nothing visible โ†’ โœ… use ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ for shared knowledge or ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ for a previous statement.
  • โŒ Treating -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ as a question ending โ†’ โœ… it connects to a following statement: ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
  • โŒ Confusing ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ with -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ โœ… ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ = as you know; ์‚ด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š” = practically lived there.
  • โŒ Overusing it in casual chat โ†’ โœ… it often sounds more polished, explanatory, or presentation-like than a quick casual sentence.
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๐ŸŽ‰ Now you can cite shared facts like a polished Korean presenter: ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ. Tiny phrase, big โ€œletโ€™s all look at the evidenceโ€ energy. ๐Ÿ‘€๐Ÿ“Œ
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Try this exercise
Instructions
Complete each sentence with the best -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ expression. Read the Korean sentence aloud, check whether the clue is knowledge, sight, hearing, feeling, guessing, or a previous statement, then open the Answer toggle. ๐Ÿง 
1. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, o-neul il-jeong-i ba-kkwi-eo-sseo-yo]
As you know, todayโ€™s schedule changed. ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] โ€” the clue is shared knowledge, and the polite form is natural.
2. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์ง„๋์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, pyo-ga i-mi mae-jin-dwae-sseo-yo]
As you can see, the tickets are already sold out. ๐ŸŽŸ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ€” the evidence is visible.
3. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ฐ–์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์™€์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ba-kke bi-ga ma-ni wa-yo]
As you can hear, it is raining a lot outside. โ˜”
Answer
๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] โ€” the clue is sound.
4. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ฐฉ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ถ”์›Œ์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, bang-i jo-geum chu-wo-yo]
As you can feel, the room is a little cold. โ„๏ธ
Answer
๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi] โ€” the clue is physical feeling.
5. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, gyeol-gwa-ga jot-chi a-na-sseo-yo]
As you can guess, the result was not good. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi] โ€” the clue is inference.
6. ์•„๊นŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
[a-kka ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, yak-ssok si-ga-ni ba-kkwi-eo-sseo-yo]
As I said earlier, the appointment time changed. โฐ
Answer
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi] โ€” it refers back to something said earlier.
7. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, i mun-je-neun swip-jji a-na-yo]
As you know, this problem is not easy. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] โ€” plain โ€œas you know.โ€
8. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, sa-ji-ni a-ju seon-myeong-hae-yo]
As you can see, the photo is very clear. ๐Ÿ“ท
Answer
๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-da-si-pi] โ€” visible evidence.
9. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ˜ธํ…” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ho-tel ye-ya-geun kkeun-na-sseo-yo]
As I mentioned, the hotel reservation is finished. ๐Ÿจ
Answer
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi] โ€” polite โ€œas I mentioned.โ€
10. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ์•ž์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ji-ha-cheol-lyeok a-pe sa-ra-mi ma-na-yo]
As you can see, there are many people in front of the subway station. ๐Ÿš‡
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ€” the visible crowd is the clue.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you know
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] โ†’ as one knows
  • ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can see
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-da-si-pi] โ†’ as one sees
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you hear
  • ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you feel
  • ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you guess
  • ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi] โ†’ as I said
  • ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi] โ†’ as I mentioned
  • ์ผ์ • [il-jeong] โ†’ schedule
  • ํ‘œ [pyo] โ†’ ticket
  • ๋ฐฉ [bang] โ†’ room
  • ์‚ฌ์ง„ [sa-jin] โ†’ photo
  • ํ˜ธํ…” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ [ho-tel ye-yak] โ†’ hotel reservation
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Choose the first phrase by the evidence type: knowledge, sight, hearing, feeling, guessing, or previous speech.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Keep scrolling to the Practice Hub when you're ready!
ย 
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Citing a known fact: -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ
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Welcome to the shared-evidence gym. Youโ€™ll practice choosing ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, and โ€œas I said/mentionedโ€ forms so your Korean can politely point at facts like a tiny laser pointer. ๐Ÿ‘€๐Ÿ“Œ
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear the rhythm of a sentence before answering.
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๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ expression. Look at the English clue, say the Korean sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle.
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Exercise 1 โ€” Shared Knowledge ๐Ÿง 

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, o-neul hoe-ui-neun ol-la-in-im-ni-da]
As you know, todayโ€™s meeting is online. ๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] โ€” polite โ€œas you know.โ€
B. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ์— ๋ฐ”๋น ์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, u-ri hoe-sa-neun i-beon ju-e ba-ppa-yo]
As you know, our company is busy this week. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi].
C. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, i mun-je-neun swip-jji a-na-yo]
As you know, this problem is not easy. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] โ€” plain โ€œas one knows / as you know.โ€
D. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋‚ด์ผ ์ผ์ •์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, nae-il il-jeong-i jung-yo-hae-yo]
As you know, tomorrowโ€™s schedule is important. ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi].
E. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ด ์•ฑ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์˜ˆ์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, i ae-beun mu-ryo-ye-yo]
As you know, this app is free. ๐Ÿ“ฑ
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi].
F. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, o-neul yak-ssok si-ga-ni ba-kkwi-eo-sseo-yo]
As you know, todayโ€™s appointment time changed. โฐ
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi].
G. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, i gyeol-gwa-neun jot-chi a-na-yo]
As you know, this result is not good. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi].
H. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ˜ธํ…” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ho-tel ye-ya-geun kkeun-na-sseo-yo]
As you know, the hotel reservation is finished. ๐Ÿจ
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi].
I. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์„ค๋ช…์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, seon-saeng-nim seol-myeong-eun a-ju jung-yo-hae-yo]
As you know, the teacherโ€™s explanation is very important. ๐Ÿ‘ฉโ€๐Ÿซ
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi].
J. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๊ณตํ•ญ ๊ธธ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, gong-hang gi-reun jo-geum bok-jja-pae-yo]
As you know, the road to the airport is a little complicated. โœˆ๏ธ
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi].
๐Ÿง 
Vocabulary Box
  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you know
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] โ†’ as one knows
  • ์˜ค๋Š˜ [o-neul] โ†’ today
  • ํšŒ์˜ [hoe-ui] โ†’ meeting
  • ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ [ol-la-in] โ†’ online
  • ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํšŒ์‚ฌ [u-ri hoe-sa] โ†’ our company
  • ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ฃผ [i-beon ju] โ†’ this week
  • ๋ฐ”์˜๋‹ค [ba-ppeu-da] โ†’ to be busy
  • ๋ฌธ์ œ [mun-je] โ†’ problem
  • ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค [swip-jji an-ta] โ†’ to not be easy
  • ์ผ์ • [il-jeong] โ†’ schedule
  • ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค [jung-yo-ha-da] โ†’ to be important
  • ์•ฑ [aep] โ†’ app
  • ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ [mu-ryo] โ†’ free
  • ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„ [yak-ssok si-gan] โ†’ appointment time
  • ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‹ค [ba-kkwi-da] โ†’ to change
  • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ [gyeol-gwa] โ†’ result
  • ํ˜ธํ…” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ [ho-tel ye-yak] โ†’ hotel reservation
  • ๋๋‚˜๋‹ค [kkeun-na-da] โ†’ to finish
  • ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ์„ค๋ช… [seon-saeng-nim seol-myeong] โ†’ teacherโ€™s explanation
  • ๊ณตํ•ญ ๊ธธ [gong-hang gil] โ†’ road to the airport
  • ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๋‹ค [bok-jjap-ha-da] โ†’ to be complicated
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Use ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ when the listener is expected to know the fact.
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Exercise 2 โ€” Visible Evidence ๐Ÿ‘€

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์ง„๋์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, pyo-ga i-mi mae-jin-dwae-sseo-yo]
As you can see, the tickets are already sold out. ๐ŸŽŸ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ€” visible evidence.
B. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์„ ๋ช…ํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, sa-ji-ni a-ju seon-myeong-hae-yo]
As you can see, the photo is very clear. ๐Ÿ“ท
Answer
๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-da-si-pi].
C. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ์•ž์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ji-ha-cheol-lyeok a-pe sa-ra-mi ma-na-yo]
As you can see, there are many people in front of the subway station. ๐Ÿš‡
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi].
D. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์นดํŽ˜ ์•ˆ์ด ์กฐ์šฉํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ka-pe a-ni jo-yong-hae-yo]
As you can see, the inside of the cafรฉ is quiet. โ˜•
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi].
E. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์‹๋‹น ์•ž ์ค„์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, sik-dang ap ju-ri gi-reo-yo]
As you can see, the line in front of the restaurant is long. ๐Ÿœ
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi].
F. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ์ด ๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, bang a-ni kkae-kkeu-tae-yo]
As you can see, the inside of the room is clean. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi].
G. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธ์ด ๋‹ซํ˜”์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, hak-kkyo mu-ni da-chyeo-sseo-yo]
As you can see, the school gate is closed. ๐Ÿซ
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi].
H. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ณ‘์› ์•ž์— ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, byeong-won a-pe cha-ga ma-na-yo]
As you can see, there are many cars in front of the hospital. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi].
I. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, do-seo-gwan ja-ri-ga eop-sseo-yo]
As you can see, there are no seats in the library. ๐Ÿ“š
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi].
J. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ž๋ฃŒ ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ja-ryo pyo-ga ja-ga-yo]
As you can see, the data table is small. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-da-si-pi].
๐Ÿ‘€
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can see
  • ๋ณด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-da-si-pi] โ†’ as one sees
  • ํ‘œ [pyo] โ†’ ticket
  • ์ด๋ฏธ [i-mi] โ†’ already
  • ๋งค์ง„๋˜๋‹ค [mae-jin-doe-da] โ†’ to be sold out
  • ์‚ฌ์ง„ [sa-jin] โ†’ photo
  • ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค [seon-myeong-ha-da] โ†’ to be clear
  • ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—ญ ์•ž [ji-ha-cheol-lyeok ap] โ†’ in front of the subway station
  • ์‚ฌ๋žŒ [sa-ram] โ†’ person
  • ๋งŽ๋‹ค [man-ta] โ†’ to be many
  • ์นดํŽ˜ ์•ˆ [ka-pe an] โ†’ inside the cafรฉ
  • ์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๋‹ค [jo-yong-ha-da] โ†’ to be quiet
  • ์‹๋‹น ์•ž ์ค„ [sik-dang ap jul] โ†’ line in front of the restaurant
  • ๊ธธ๋‹ค [gil-da] โ†’ to be long
  • ๋ฐฉ ์•ˆ [bang an] โ†’ inside the room
  • ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๋‹ค [kkae-kkeut-ha-da] โ†’ to be clean
  • ํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธ [hak-kkyo mun] โ†’ school gate
  • ๋‹ซํžˆ๋‹ค [da-chi-da] โ†’ to be closed
  • ๋ณ‘์› ์•ž [byeong-won ap] โ†’ in front of the hospital
  • ์ฐจ [cha] โ†’ car
  • ๋„์„œ๊ด€ ์ž๋ฆฌ [do-seo-gwan ja-ri] โ†’ library seat
  • ์—†๋‹ค [eop-da] โ†’ to not exist
  • ์ž๋ฃŒ ํ‘œ [ja-ryo pyo] โ†’ data table
  • ์ž‘๋‹ค [jak-da] โ†’ to be small
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก If the listener can literally see the evidence, reach for ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ.
ย 

Exercise 3 โ€” Hearing, Feeling, and Guessing ๐Ÿ‘‚

A. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ฐ–์— ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์ด ์™€์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ba-kke bi-ga ma-ni wa-yo]
As you can hear, it is raining a lot outside. โ˜”
Answer
๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] โ€” the clue is sound.
B. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ฐฉ์ด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์ถ”์›Œ์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, bang-i jo-geum chu-wo-yo]
As you can feel, the room is a little cold. โ„๏ธ
Answer
๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi].
C. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, gyeol-gwa-ga jot-chi a-na-sseo-yo]
As you can guess, the result was not good. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi].
D. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์˜†๋ฐฉ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, yeop-ppang so-ri-ga keo-yo]
As you can hear, the next room is loud. ๐Ÿ”Š
Answer
๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi].
E. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋”์›Œ์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, nal-ssi-ga a-ju deo-wo-yo]
As you can feel, the weather is very hot. ๐Ÿ”ฅ
Answer
๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi].
F. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, gye-hoe-gi swip-jji a-na-sseo-yo]
As you can guess, the plan was not easy. ๐Ÿ—‚๏ธ
Answer
์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi].
G. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘์•„์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, bal-pyo mok-sso-ri-ga ja-ga-yo]
As you can hear, the presentation voice is quiet. ๐ŸŽค
Answer
๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi].
H. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ด ๊ธธ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, i gi-reun jo-geum wi-heom-hae-yo]
As you can feel, this road is a little dangerous. โš ๏ธ
Answer
๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi].
I. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋‰ด์Šค ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, nyu-seu nae-yong-i jung-yo-hae-sseo-yo]
As you can guess, the news content was important. ๐Ÿ“ฐ
Answer
์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi].
J. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ji-ha-cheol so-ri-ga keo-yo]
As you can hear, the subway sound is loud. ๐Ÿš‡
Answer
๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi].
๐Ÿ‘‚
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can hear
  • ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can feel
  • ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can guess
  • ๋ฐ– [bak] โ†’ outside
  • ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋‹ค [bi-ga o-da] โ†’ to rain
  • ๋งŽ์ด [ma-ni] โ†’ a lot
  • ๋ฐฉ [bang] โ†’ room
  • ์กฐ๊ธˆ [jo-geum] โ†’ a little
  • ์ถฅ๋‹ค [chup-da] โ†’ to be cold
  • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ [gyeol-gwa] โ†’ result
  • ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค [jot-chi an-ta] โ†’ to not be good
  • ์˜†๋ฐฉ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ [yeop-ppang so-ri] โ†’ sound from the next room
  • ํฌ๋‹ค [keu-da] โ†’ to be big/loud
  • ๋‚ ์”จ [nal-ssi] โ†’ weather
  • ๋ฅ๋‹ค [deop-da] โ†’ to be hot
  • ๊ณ„ํš [gye-hoek] โ†’ plan
  • ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ [bal-pyo mok-sso-ri] โ†’ presentation voice
  • ๊ธธ [gil] โ†’ road
  • ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค [wi-heom-ha-da] โ†’ to be dangerous
  • ๋‰ด์Šค ๋‚ด์šฉ [nyu-seu nae-yong] โ†’ news content
  • ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ [ji-ha-cheol so-ri] โ†’ subway sound
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Match the sense: hear = ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, feel = ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, infer = ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ.
ย 

Exercise 4 โ€” Previous Statements ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ

A. ์•„๊นŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
[a-kka ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, yak-ssok si-ga-ni ba-kkwi-eo-sseo-yo]
As I said earlier, the appointment time changed. โฐ
Answer
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi].
B. ์–ด์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ด ์•ฑ์€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์˜ˆ์š”.
[eo-je ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, i ae-beun mu-ryo-ye-yo]
As I explained yesterday, this app is free. ๐Ÿ“ฑ
Answer
์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [seol-myeong-haet-da-si-pi].
C. ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํšŒ์˜๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
[bang-geum ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, hoe-ui-neun ol-la-in-im-ni-da]
As I just mentioned, the meeting is online. ๐Ÿ’ป
Answer
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi].
D. ์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ˜ธํ…” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ์€ ๋๋‚ฌ์–ด์š”.
[ji-nan-beo-ne ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ho-tel ye-ya-geun kkeun-na-sseo-yo]
As I mentioned last time, the hotel reservation is finished. ๐Ÿจ
Answer
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi].
E. ์ด๋ฏธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ๋งค์ง„๋์–ด์š”.
[i-mi ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, pyo-ga mae-jin-dwae-sseo-yo]
As I already said, the tickets are sold out. ๐ŸŽŸ๏ธ
Answer
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi].
F. ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ผ์ •์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ด์š”.
[o-neul a-chim ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, il-jeong-i jung-yo-hae-yo]
As I explained this morning, the schedule is important. ๐ŸŒ…
Answer
์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [seol-myeong-haet-da-si-pi].
G. ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
[cheo-eu-me ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, i mun-je-neun swip-jji a-na-yo]
As I said at the beginning, this problem is not easy. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi].
H. ๋ฉ”์ผ์—์„œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ˆ˜์—…์€ ๋‚ด์ผ ๋๋‚˜์š”.
[me-il-e-seo ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, su-eo-beun nae-il kkeut-na-yo]
As I explained in the email, class ends tomorrow. ๐Ÿ“ง
Answer
์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [seol-myeong-haet-da-si-pi].
I. ์ „ํ™”๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๊ณตํ•ญ ๊ธธ์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•ด์š”.
[jeon-hwa-ro ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, gong-hang gi-reun bok-jja-pae-yo]
As I mentioned by phone, the road to the airport is complicated. ๐Ÿ“ž
Answer
๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi].
J. ์•„๊นŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚ ์”จ๊ฐ€ ๋”์›Œ์š”.
[a-kka ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, o-neul nal-ssi-ga deo-wo-yo]
As I said earlier, todayโ€™s weather is hot. ๐Ÿ”ฅ
Answer
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi].
๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi] โ†’ as I said
  • ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [seol-myeong-haet-da-si-pi] โ†’ as I explained
  • ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi] โ†’ as I mentioned
  • ์•„๊นŒ [a-kka] โ†’ earlier
  • ์–ด์ œ [eo-je] โ†’ yesterday
  • ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ [bang-geum] โ†’ just now
  • ์ง€๋‚œ๋ฒˆ [ji-nan-beon] โ†’ last time
  • ์ด๋ฏธ [i-mi] โ†’ already
  • ์˜ค๋Š˜ ์•„์นจ [o-neul a-chim] โ†’ this morning
  • ์ฒ˜์Œ [cheo-eum] โ†’ beginning
  • ๋ฉ”์ผ [me-il] โ†’ email
  • ์ „ํ™” [jeon-hwa] โ†’ phone call
  • ์•ฝ์† ์‹œ๊ฐ„ [yak-ssok si-gan] โ†’ appointment time
  • ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋‹ค [ba-kkwi-da] โ†’ to change
  • ์•ฑ [aep] โ†’ app
  • ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ [mu-ryo] โ†’ free
  • ํšŒ์˜ [hoe-ui] โ†’ meeting
  • ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ [ol-la-in] โ†’ online
  • ํ˜ธํ…” ์˜ˆ์•ฝ [ho-tel ye-yak] โ†’ hotel reservation
  • ์ˆ˜์—… [su-eop] โ†’ class
  • ๋๋‚˜๋‹ค [kkeun-na-da] โ†’ to end
  • ๋‚ ์”จ [nal-ssi] โ†’ weather
  • ๋ฅ๋‹ค [deop-da] โ†’ to be hot
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Past speech + -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ points back to what was already said or explained.
ย 

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. โŒ ์•„๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
[a-da-si-pi โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Fix the plain โ€œas you knowโ€ form. ๐Ÿง 
Answer
์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] โ€” plain ์•Œ๋‹ค keeps ใ„น before -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ.
B. โŒ ์•Œ์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ โ†’ โœ… ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ
[al-si-da-si-pi โ†’ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ]
Fix the polite โ€œas you knowโ€ form. โœ…
Answer
์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] โ€” ์•Œ๋‹ค + -์‹œ- drops ใ„น.
C. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์„ ๋ช…ํ•ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, sa-ji-ni seon-myeong-hae-yo]
As you can see, the photo is clear. ๐Ÿ“ท
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ€” sight clue.
D. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์˜†๋ฐฉ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ปค์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, yeop-ppang so-ri-ga keo-yo]
As you can hear, the next room is loud. ๐Ÿ”Š
Answer
๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] โ€” sound clue.
E. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, gyeol-gwa-ga jot-chi a-na-sseo-yo]
As you can guess, the result was not good. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi] โ€” inference clue.
F. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ๋ฐฉ์ด ์ถ”์›Œ์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, bang-i chu-wo-yo]
As you can feel, the room is cold. โ„๏ธ
Answer
๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi] โ€” feeling clue.
G. ์•„๊นŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ์ผ์ •์ด ๋ฐ”๋€Œ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
[a-kka ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, il-jeong-i ba-kkwi-eo-sseo-yo]
As I said earlier, the schedule changed. ๐Ÿ—“๏ธ
Answer
๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi].
H. Meaning check: ์‚ด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
[sal-da-si-pi hae-sseo-yo]
Choose the meaning: โ€œas you knowโ€ or โ€œpractically lived there.โ€ ๐Ÿ 
Answer
โ€œPractically lived there.โ€ This is the different -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค use, meaning โ€œalmost / practically.โ€
I. Tone check: ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ is more polite than ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ. True or false? ๐Ÿ—ฃ๏ธ
Answer
True. ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ is the polite โ€œas I mentioned,โ€ while ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ is plainer โ€œas I said.โ€
J. ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, ํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋งค์ง„๋์–ด์š”.
[๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ, pyo-ga i-mi mae-jin-dwae-sseo-yo]
As you can see, the tickets are already sold out. ๐ŸŽŸ๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ€” visible evidence, not just shared knowledge.
๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Vocabulary Box
  • ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [al-da-si-pi] โ†’ as one knows
  • ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [a-si-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you know
  • ๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [bo-si-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can see
  • ๋“ฃ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [deut-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can hear
  • ์ง์ž‘ํ•˜๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [jim-ja-ka-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can guess
  • ๋А๋ผ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [neu-kki-da-si-pi] โ†’ as you can feel
  • ๋งํ–ˆ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-haet-da-si-pi] โ†’ as I said
  • ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ [mal-sseum-deu-ryeot-da-si-pi] โ†’ as I mentioned
  • ์‚ด๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•˜๋‹ค [sal-da-si-pi ha-da] โ†’ to practically live / almost live
  • ์‚ฌ์ง„ [sa-jin] โ†’ photo
  • ์„ ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค [seon-myeong-ha-da] โ†’ to be clear
  • ์˜†๋ฐฉ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ [yeop-ppang so-ri] โ†’ sound from the next room
  • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ [gyeol-gwa] โ†’ result
  • ๋ฐฉ [bang] โ†’ room
  • ์ถฅ๋‹ค [chup-da] โ†’ to be cold
  • ์ผ์ • [il-jeong] โ†’ schedule
  • ํ‘œ [pyo] โ†’ ticket
  • ๋งค์ง„๋˜๋‹ค [mae-jin-doe-da] โ†’ to be sold out
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Pitfall patrol: ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ drops ใ„น because of -์‹œ-; ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ does not.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ You finished the -๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ circuit! You can now cite what people know, see, hear, feel, guess, or already heard from you โ€” very polished, very evidence-based, very โ€œKorean presentation mode unlocked.โ€ ๐Ÿ‘€๐Ÿ“Œ