Checkpoint: Commands & Contrasts

🔊

🎧 Iru Helper Note — When a sentence feels stiff or dramatic, open

Korean Helper Widgets and type it in. Formal grammar has a rhythm, and hearing it keeps the clipboard from becoming a fog machine. 📋

🌈 The Big Picture

• 자료를 제출하라. [ja-ryo-reul je-chul-ha-ra] — Submit the materials. 📄
자료 = materials; 제출하다 = to submit. This sounds like a written instruction.

• 자료를 제출하도록 하세요. [ja-ryo-reul je-chul-ha-do-rok ha-se-yo] — Please make sure to submit the materials. 📬
This is a firm recommendation or instruction to a person.

• 절차는 간단한 반면에 책임 소재는 불분명합니다. [jeol-cha-neun gan-dan-han ban-myeo-ne chae-gim so-jae-neun bul-bun-myeong-ham-ni-da] — The procedure is simple, whereas responsibility is unclear. 🗂️
This is balanced formal contrast.

🎨 The Core Commands & Contrasts Family

1. Written command: -(으)라

• 확인하다 → 확인하라 [hwa-gin-ha-da → hwa-gin-ha-ra] — to check → Check.

• 읽다 → 읽으라 [ik-da → il-geu-ra] — to read → Read.

• 만들다 → 만들라 [man-deul-da → man-deul-la] — to make → Make.

• 들어가지 말라 [deu-reo-ga-ji mal-la] — Do not enter.

2. Strong recommendation: -도록 하다

• 확인하도록 하세요 [hwa-gin-ha-do-rok ha-se-yo] — Please make sure to check.

• 준비하도록 합시다 [jun-bi-ha-do-rok hap-si-da] — Let’s make sure to prepare.

• 잊지 않도록 하세요 [it-ji an-to-rok ha-se-yo] — Make sure not to forget.

3. Balanced contrast: -(으)ㄴ/는 반면(에)

• 간단한 반면에 [gan-dan-han ban-myeo-ne] — while it is simple

• 증가하는 반면에 [jeung-ga-ha-neun ban-myeo-ne] — while it increases

• 기회인 반면에 [gi-hoe-in ban-myeo-ne] — while it is an opportunity

4. Prose contrast: -(으)ㄴ/는가 하면

• 증가하는가 하면 [jeung-ga-ha-neun-ga ha-myeon] — while it increases

• 간단한가 하면 [gan-dan-han-ga ha-myeon] — while it is simple

• 기회인가 하면 [gi-hoe-in-ga ha-myeon] — while it is an opportunity

5. Simultaneous contradiction: -(으)면서도

• 알면서도 [al-myeon-seo-do] — even though one knows

• 피곤하면서도 [pi-gon-ha-myeon-seo-do] — even though tired

• 학생이면서도 [hak-saeng-i-myeon-seo-do] — even while being a student

6. High-level concession: -(으)ㄹ지언정

• 비판을 받을지언정 [bi-pa-neul ba-deul-ji-eon-jeong] — even if I receive criticism

• 책임이 무거울지언정 [chae-gi-mi mu-geo-ul-ji-eon-jeong] — even if the responsibility is heavy

• 소수 의견일지언정 [so-su ui-gyeon-il-ji-eon-jeong] — even if it is a minority opinion

7. Open choice: -든지 -든지

• 커피든지 차든지 [keo-pi-deun-ji cha-deun-ji] — whether coffee or tea ☕🍵

• 누구든지 [nu-gu-deun-ji] — anyone

• 가든지 말든지 [ga-deun-ji mal-deun-ji] — whether going or not

8. Moral obligation: -아야/어야 마땅하다

• 사과해야 마땅하다 [sa-gwa-hae-ya ma-ttang-ha-da] — ought to apologize

• 책임을 져야 마땅하다 [chae-gi-meul jyeo-ya ma-ttang-ha-da] — ought to take responsibility

• 비판받아야 마땅하다 [bi-pan-ba-da-ya ma-ttang-ha-da] — deserves to be criticized

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

• 안전 규정을 준수하라.
[an-jeon gyu-jeo-ngeul jun-su-ha-ra]
Follow the safety regulations. 🦺
Written, official command. 안전 = safety; 규정 = regulation; 준수하다 = to comply with.

• 안전 규정을 준수하도록 하세요.
[an-jeon gyu-jeo-ngeul jun-su-ha-do-rok ha-se-yo]
Please make sure to follow the safety regulations. 🦺
Firm spoken or written recommendation/instruction.

• 이 방식은 비용이 낮은 반면에 적용 범위가 좁습니다.
[i bang-si-geun bi-yo-ngi na-jeun ban-myeo-ne jeo-gyong beom-wi-ga jop-seum-ni-da]
This method has low cost, whereas its scope of application is narrow. 🧾

• 이 방식은 비용이 낮은가 하면 적용 범위가 좁습니다.
[i bang-si-geun bi-yo-ngi na-jeun-ga ha-myeon jeo-gyong beom-wi-ga jop-seum-ni-da]
This method has low cost, while its scope of application is narrow. 🧾
반면에 feels like a formal contrast scale; 는가 하면 feels like polished prose presenting two sides.

• 규칙을 알면서도 같은 실수를 했어요.
[gyu-chi-geul al-myeon-seo-do ga-teun sil-su-reul hae-sseo-yo]
Even though I knew the rule, I made the same mistake. 🧩
This is simultaneous contradiction.

• 비판을 받을지언정 자료를 왜곡하지 않겠습니다.
[bi-pa-neul ba-deul-ji-eon-jeong ja-ryo-reul wae-go-ka-ji an-ket-seum-ni-da]
Even if I receive criticism, I will not distort the data. 📊
This is principled concession.

🧩 General Formation Rule

Commands

• Vowel stem + -라: 확인하다 → 확인하라 [hwa-gin-ha-da → hwa-gin-ha-ra]

• Consonant stem + -으라: 읽다 → 읽으라 [ik-da → il-geu-ra]

• ㄹ stem + -라: 만들다 → 만들라 [man-deul-da → man-deul-la]

• Negative written command: -지 말라 [-ji mal-la] = do not

Recommendation

• Verb stem + -도록 하다: 준비하다 → 준비하도록 하세요 [jun-bi-ha-da → jun-bi-ha-do-rok ha-se-yo]

• Negative prevention: -지 않도록 하다: 잊다 → 잊지 않도록 하세요 [it-da → it-ji an-to-rok ha-se-yo]

Contrast and concession

• Descriptive verb + -(으)ㄴ 반면에 / -(으)ㄴ가 하면: 간단하다 → 간단한 반면에 / 간단한가 하면 [gan-dan-ha-da → gan-dan-han ban-myeo-ne / gan-dan-han-ga ha-myeon]

• Action verb + -는 반면에 / -는가 하면: 증가하다 → 증가하는 반면에 / 증가하는가 하면 [jeung-ga-ha-da → jeung-ga-ha-neun ban-myeo-ne / jeung-ga-ha-neun-ga ha-myeon]

• Verb/adjective stem + -(으)면서도: 먹다 → 먹으면서도, 알다 → 알면서도

• Verb/adjective stem + -(으)ㄹ지언정: 받다 → 받을지언정, 공개하다 → 공개할지언정

Choice and duty

• Stem + 든지: 가다 → 가든지, 춥다 → 춥든지

• Noun + (이)든지: 학생 → 학생이든지, 회의 → 회의든지

• Verb + 아야/어야 마땅하다: 사과하다 → 사과해야 마땅하다, 지다 → 져야 마땅하다

🚨 Exception Rule(s)

• ㄹ-stem written command uses -라, not -으라: ✅ 만들라, ❌ 만들으라.

• 듣다 changes in 들으면서도 because it follows the ㄷ-irregular pattern in this form.

• 춥다 changes in 추우면서도 and 책임이 무거울지언정 follows the ㅂ-irregular pattern.

• Choice 든지 is not recollection 던지: ✅ 가든지 말든지, ❌ 가던지 말던지.

• 마땅하다 is heavy. Use it for rightful duty or deserved consequence, not tiny preferences like coffee. ☕

📚 Cross-check note

🪞 Synonym Alert

• -(으)라 vs -(으)세요: written/public command vs polite spoken request.

• -도록 하세요 vs -세요: “make sure to…” vs simple “please do…”

• 반면에 vs 는가 하면: balanced contrast scale vs polished prose two-sided presentation.

• 면서도 vs 는데도: simultaneous contradiction vs broader “even though.”

• ㄹ지언정 vs ㄹ지라도: resolute, value-based concession vs more general formal concession.

• 든지 vs 거나: open/free choice vs simpler “or.”

• 해야 마땅하다 vs 해야 하다: rightful/moral duty vs general requirement.

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

• ❌ 친구에게 지금 오라. → ✅ 지금 오세요. or 지금 오라고 했어요. (Do not use written command as casual speech.)

• ❌ 읽라 → ✅ 읽으라 (Consonant stem.)

• ❌ 간단하는 반면에 → ✅ 간단한 반면에 (Descriptive 하다 word.)

• ❌ 부담는가 하면 → ✅ 부담인가 하면 (Noun + 인가 하면.)

• ❌ 학생면서도 → ✅ 학생이면서도 (Noun with batchim.)

• ❌ 소수 의견지언정 → ✅ 소수 의견일지언정 (Noun + 일지언정.)

• ❌ 가던지 말던지 → ✅ 가든지 말든지 (Choice uses 든지.)

📦

🎯 Practice Hub — Checkpoint: Commands & Contrasts

 

Welcome to the checkpoint arena. 🧭 This Practice Hub reviews formal commands, strong recommendations, polished contrasts, contradictions, principled concessions, open choices, and rightful-duty judgments. The mission is simple: choose the grammar that matches the sentence’s logic and tone, then let the Korean sound polished instead of randomly dramatic. 🎭

 

🔊 Audio reminder: Use

Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear the completed Korean sentence.

 

📝 Instructions: Complete each prompt, say it aloud, and check the Answer toggle. Watch stem shape, noun endings, tone, and whether the sentence is public, polite, contrastive, contradictory, concessive, choice-based, or morally evaluative.

 

Exercise 1 — Formal Commands vs Strong Recommendations 📋

A. 자료를 확인하＿＿＿＿.

[ja-ryo-reul hwa-gin-ha＿＿＿＿]

Check the materials. 📄

Answer

확인하라 — written command; 확인하다 takes -라.

B. 공지 내용을 읽＿＿＿＿.

[gong-ji nae-yo-ngeul ik＿＿＿＿]

Read the notice contents. 📢

Answer

읽으라 — consonant stem + -으라.

C. 안전 규정을 준수하＿＿＿＿.

[an-jeon gyu-jeo-ngeul jun-su-ha＿＿＿＿]

Follow the safety regulations. 🦺

Answer

준수하라 — official written command.

D. 회의 전에 자료를 준비＿＿＿＿.

[hoe-ui jeo-ne ja-ryo-reul jun-bi＿＿＿＿]

Let’s make sure to prepare the materials before the meeting. 🗂️

Answer

준비하도록 합시다 — formal group recommendation.

E. 양식을 작성하＿＿＿＿.

[yang-si-geul jak-seong-ha＿＿＿＿]

Fill out the form. 🧾

Answer

작성하라 — written command.

F. 약속에 늦지 ＿＿＿＿.

[yak-so-ge neut-ji ＿＿＿＿]

Make sure not to be late for the appointment. ⏰

Answer

않도록 하세요 — prevention pattern: 늦지 않도록 하세요.

G. 새 양식을 만들＿＿＿＿.

[sae yang-si-geul man-deul＿＿＿＿]

Make a new form. 🧾

Answer

만들라 — ㄹ stem + -라, not -으라.

H. 결과를 메모에 기록＿＿＿＿.

[gyeol-gwa-reul me-mo-e gi-rok＿＿＿＿]

Make sure to record the result in the memo. 🗒️

Answer

기록하도록 하세요 — firm recommendation/instruction.

I. 허가 없이 들어가지 ＿＿＿＿.

[heo-ga eop-si deu-reo-ga-ji ＿＿＿＿]

Do not enter without permission. 🚫

Answer

말라 — formal written prohibition.

J. 도착하면 바로 연락＿＿＿＿.

[do-cha-ka-myeon ba-ro yeol-lak＿＿＿＿]

When you arrive, make sure to contact me right away. 📱

Answer

연락하도록 하세요 — strong recommendation. 도착하면 sounds like [도차카면].

📚

Vocabulary Box

• 자료 → materials

• 확인하다 → to check

• 공지 → notice

• 읽다 → to read

• 안전 → safety

• 규정 → regulation

• 준수하다 → to follow/comply with

• 회의 → meeting

• 준비하다 → to prepare

• 양식 → form

• 작성하다 → to fill out/write

• 약속 → appointment/promise

• 늦다 → to be late

• 만들다 → to make

• 결과 → result

• 기록하다 → to record

• 허가 → permission

• 들어가다 → to enter

• 연락하다 → to contact

Tip 💡 -(으)라 sounds written and official; -도록 하세요 sounds like “make sure to…”

 

Exercise 2 — Contrast Pattern Control ⚖️

A. 이 앱은 사용법이 간단＿＿＿＿ 기능이 제한적입니다.

[i ae-beun sa-yong-beo-bi gan-dan＿＿＿＿ gi-neu-ngi je-han-jeo-gim-ni-da]

This app is simple to use, whereas its functions are limited. 📱

Answer

간단한 반면에 — descriptive verb + -(으)ㄴ 반면에.

B. 수요는 증가＿＿＿＿ 공급은 줄어들고 있습니다.

[su-yo-neun jeung-ga＿＿＿＿ gong-geu-beun ju-reo-deul-go it-seum-ni-da]

Demand is increasing, while supply is decreasing. 📈📉

Answer

증가하는가 하면 — prose-style contrast.

C. 이 결정은 기회＿＿＿＿ 부담이기도 합니다.

[i gyeol-jeo-ngeun gi-hoe＿＿＿＿ bu-da-mi-gi-do ham-ni-da]

This decision is an opportunity, while it is also a burden. 🎲

Answer

기회인가 하면 — noun + 인가 하면.

D. 온라인 회의는 이동 시간을 줄이＿＿＿＿ 집중도가 떨어질 수 있습니다.

[ol-la-in hoe-ui-neun i-dong si-ga-neul ju-ri＿＿＿＿ jip-jung-do-ga tteo-reo-jil su it-seum-ni-da]

Online meetings reduce travel time, while concentration can drop. 💻

Answer

줄이는 반면에 — action verb + -는 반면에.

E. 자료는 풍부＿＿＿＿ 분석은 부족합니다.

[ja-ryo-neun pung-bu＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geun bu-jo-kam-ni-da]

The data is abundant, while the analysis is insufficient. 📊

Answer

풍부한가 하면 — descriptive 하다 word + 한가 하면.

F. 그 제품은 가격이 비싸＿＿＿＿ 내구성이 좋습니다.

[geu je-pu-meun ga-gyeo-gi bi-ssa＿＿＿＿ nae-gu-seo-ngi jo-seum-ni-da]

That product is expensive, whereas its durability is good. 🧾

Answer

비싼 반면에 — balanced advantage/disadvantage contrast.

G. 처리 속도는 빨라졌＿＿＿＿ 오류율은 낮아졌습니다.

[cheo-ri sok-tto-neun ppal-la-jyeot＿＿＿＿ o-ryu-yu-reun na-ja-jyeot-seum-ni-da]

Processing speed became faster, while the error rate became lower. 🧰

Answer

빨라졌는가 하면 — past contrast in prose.

H. 그 정책은 장점＿＿＿＿ 단점도 있습니다.

[geu jeong-chae-geun jang-jeom＿＿＿＿ dan-jeom-do it-seum-ni-da]

That policy is an advantage, while it also has disadvantages. 🏛️

Answer

장점인 반면에 — noun + 인 반면에.

I. 도시는 빠르게 변＿＿＿＿ 시골은 천천히 변합니다.

[do-si-neun ppa-reu-ge byeon＿＿＿＿ si-go-reun cheon-cheo-ni byeon-ham-ni-da]

Cities change quickly, while rural areas change slowly. 🏙️

Answer

변하는가 하면 — written two-sided contrast.

J. 가격은 높＿＿＿＿ 품질은 안정적입니다.

[ga-gyeo-geun nop＿＿＿＿ pum-ji-reun an-jeong-jeo-gim-ni-da]

The price is high, whereas the quality is stable. 🏷️

Answer

높은 반면에 — formal balanced contrast.

📚

Vocabulary Box

• 간단하다 → to be simple

• 제한적이다 → to be limited

• 수요 → demand

• 공급 → supply

• 증가하다 → to increase

• 줄어들다 → to decrease

• 결정 → decision

• 기회 → opportunity

• 부담 → burden

• 줄이다 → to reduce

• 자료 → data/materials

• 풍부하다 → to be abundant

• 분석 → analysis

• 부족하다 → to be insufficient

• 비싸다 → to be expensive

• 내구성 → durability

• 처리 속도 → processing speed

• 오류율 → error rate

• 장점 → advantage

• 단점 → disadvantage

• 변하다 → to change

• 높다 → to be high

Tip 💡 반면에 is a clean contrast scale; 는가 하면 sounds like polished prose.

 

Exercise 3 — Contradiction vs Concession 🛡️

A. 답을 ＿＿＿＿ 말하지 않았어요.

[da-beul ＿＿＿＿ mal-ha-ji a-na-sseo-yo]

Even though they knew the answer, they did not say it. 🤐

Answer

알면서도 — contradiction at the same time.

B. 비판을 ＿＿＿＿ 자료를 왜곡하지 않겠습니다.

[bi-pa-neul ＿＿＿＿ ja-ryo-reul wae-go-ka-ji an-ket-seum-ni-da]

Even if I receive criticism, I will not distort the data. 📊

Answer

받을지언정 — principled concession.

C. 피곤＿＿＿＿ 끝까지 발표를 들었어요.

[pi-gon＿＿＿＿ kkeut-kka-ji bal-pyo-reul deu-reo-sseo-yo]

Even though I was tired, I listened to the presentation until the end. 🎤

Answer

피곤하면서도 — state + simultaneous contradiction.

D. 책임이 ＿＿＿＿ 결정은 공개해야 합니다.

[chae-gi-mi ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-jeo-neun gong-gae-hae-ya ham-ni-da]

Even if the responsibility is heavy, the decision must be disclosed. 🧾

Answer

무거울지언정 — ㅂ-irregular 무겁다 → 무거울지언정.

E. 학생＿＿＿＿ 선생님처럼 설명했어요.

[hak-saeng＿＿＿＿ seon-saeng-nim-cheo-reom seol-myeong-hae-sseo-yo]

Even while being a student, they explained like a teacher. 👩‍🏫

Answer

학생이면서도 — noun with batchim + 이면서도.

F. 소수 의견＿＿＿＿ 회의록에 남겨야 합니다.

[so-su ui-gyeon＿＿＿＿ hoe-ui-ro-ge nam-gyeo-ya ham-ni-da]

Even if it is a minority opinion, it must be recorded in the meeting minutes. 📝

Answer

소수 의견일지언정 — noun phrase + 일지언정.

G. 설명을 ＿＿＿＿ 이해하지 못했어요.

[seol-myeo-ngeul ＿＿＿＿ i-hae-ha-ji mo-tae-sseo-yo]

Even while listening to the explanation, I could not understand. 💡

Answer

들으면서도 — ㄷ-irregular 듣다 → 들으면서도.

H. 손해를 ＿＿＿＿ 원칙을 버리지는 않겠습니다.

[son-hae-reul ＿＿＿＿ won-chi-geul beo-ri-ji-neun an-ket-seum-ni-da]

Even if I accept a loss, I will not abandon my principles. ⚖️

Answer

감수할지언정 — 감수하다 → 감수할지언정.

I. 친구＿＿＿＿ 아무 말도 하지 않았어요.

[chin-gu＿＿＿＿ a-mu mal-do ha-ji a-na-sseo-yo]

Even though they were a friend, they did not say anything. 🤐

Answer

친구면서도 — noun without batchim + 면서도.

J. 직위를 ＿＿＿＿ 양심은 지키겠습니다.

[ji-gwi-reul ＿＿＿＿ yang-shi-meun ji-ki-get-seum-ni-da]

Even if I lose my position, I will keep my conscience. 🧭

Answer

잃을지언정 — serious concession with a value-protecting second clause.

📚

Vocabulary Box

• 답 → answer

• 알다 → to know

• 비판 → criticism

• 받다 → to receive

• 자료 → data/materials

• 왜곡하다 → to distort

• 피곤하다 → to be tired

• 발표 → presentation

• 책임 → responsibility

• 무겁다 → to be heavy

• 결정 → decision

• 공개하다 → to disclose

• 학생 → student

• 설명하다 → to explain

• 소수 의견 → minority opinion

• 회의록 → meeting minutes

• 듣다 → to listen

• 손해를 감수하다 → to accept a loss

• 원칙 → principle

• 친구 → friend

• 직위 → position

• 잃다 → to lose

• 양심 → conscience

Tip 💡 면서도 = “and yet at the same time”; ㄹ지언정 = “even if it costs me…”

 

Exercise 4 — Choice & Rightful Duty 🔀

A. 학생＿＿＿＿ 선생님＿＿＿＿ 모두 등록해야 해요.

[hak-saeng＿＿＿＿ seon-saeng-nim＿＿＿＿ mo-du deung-rok-hae-ya hae-yo]

Whether student or teacher, everyone must register. 🧑‍🎓

Answer

학생이든지 선생님이든지 — consonant-ending nouns take 이든지.

B. 공직자는 시민의 권리를 ＿＿＿＿ 마땅합니다.

[gong-jik-jja-neun si-mi-ne gwol-li-reul ＿＿＿＿ ma-ttang-ham-ni-da]

Public officials ought to respect citizens’ rights. 🏛️

Answer

존중해야 — rightful duty: 존중해야 마땅합니다.

C. 비싸＿＿＿＿ 싸＿＿＿＿ 품질을 보세요.

[bi-ssa＿＿＿＿ ssa＿＿＿＿ pum-ji-reul bo-se-yo]

Whether expensive or cheap, look at the quality. 🧪

Answer

비싸든지 싸든지 — add 든지 directly to descriptive stems.

D. 규칙을 어긴 사람은 책임을 ＿＿＿＿ 마땅해요.

[gyu-chi-geul eo-gin sa-ra-meun chae-gi-meul ＿＿＿＿ ma-ttang-hae-yo]

A person who broke the rule ought to take responsibility. 📌

Answer

져야 — 책임을 지다 → 책임을 져야 마땅해요.

E. ＿＿＿＿ 질문할 수 있어요.

[＿＿＿＿ jil-mun-hal su i-sseo-yo]

Anyone can ask a question. 🙋

Answer

누구든지 — question word + 든지 creates open choice.

F. 근거 없는 주장은 ＿＿＿＿ 마땅합니다.

[geun-geo eom-neun ju-ja-ngeun ＿＿＿＿ ma-ttang-ham-ni-da]

A claim without evidence deserves to be criticized. 📄

Answer

비판받아야 — deserved consequence.

G. 가＿＿＿＿ 말＿＿＿＿ 네가 결정하세요.

[ga＿＿＿＿ mal＿＿＿＿ ne-ga gyeol-jeong-ha-se-yo]

Whether you go or not, please decide. 🧭

Answer

가든지 말든지 — choice uses 든지, not 던지.

H. 회사는 개인정보를 ＿＿＿＿ 마땅합니다.

[hoe-sa-neun gae-in-jeong-bo-reul ＿＿＿＿ ma-ttang-ham-ni-da]

A company ought to protect personal information. 🔐

Answer

보호해야 — moral/social duty.

I. 어디＿＿＿＿ 괜찮아요.

[eo-di＿＿＿＿ gwaen-chan-a-yo]

Anywhere is fine. 📍

Answer

어디든지 — open choice: anywhere.

J. 폭력을 쓴 사람은 ＿＿＿＿ 마땅합니다.

[pong-nyeo-geul sseun sa-ra-meun ＿＿＿＿ ma-ttang-ham-ni-da]

A person who used violence deserves to be punished. 🚨

Answer

처벌받아야 — deserved consequence: 처벌받아야 마땅합니다.

📚

Vocabulary Box

• 학생 → student

• 선생님 → teacher

• 등록하다 → to register

• 공직자 → public official

• 시민 → citizen

• 권리 → right

• 존중하다 → to respect

• 비싸다 → to be expensive

• 싸다 → to be cheap

• 품질 → quality

• 규칙 → rule

• 어기다 → to break

• 책임을 지다 → to take responsibility

• 누구든지 → anyone

• 질문하다 → to ask a question

• 근거 없는 → without evidence

• 주장 → claim

• 비판받다 → to be criticized

• 가다 → to go

• 말다 → to not do / to stop

• 보호하다 → to protect

• 어디든지 → anywhere

• 폭력 → violence

• 처벌받다 → to be punished

Tip 💡 든지 opens choices; 마땅하다 adds rightful-duty weight.

 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. ❌ 읽라 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix the written command “Read.” 📢

Answer

읽으라 — 읽다 has a consonant stem, so use -으라.

B. ❌ 만들으라 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix the written command “Make.” 🧾

Answer

만들라 — ㄹ stems take -라, not -으라.

C. ❌ 간단하는 반면에 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix “while it is simple.” 🗂️

Answer

간단한 반면에 — 간단하다 is descriptive here.

D. ❌ 부담는가 하면 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix “while it is a burden.” ⚖️

Answer

부담인가 하면 — noun + 인가 하면.

E. ❌ 학생면서도 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix “even while being a student.” 🧑‍🎓

Answer

학생이면서도 — noun with batchim + 이면서도.

F. ❌ 소수 의견지언정 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix “even if it is a minority opinion.” 📝

Answer

소수 의견일지언정 — noun phrase + 일지언정.

G. ❌ 가던지 말던지 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix “whether going or not.” 🧭

Answer

가든지 말든지 — choice uses 든지 with ㄷ.

H. ❌ 책임을 지어야 마땅해요 → ✅ ＿＿＿＿

Fix “ought to take responsibility.” 📌

Answer

책임을 져야 마땅해요 — 지다 → 져야.

I. Choose the better formal public sign:

① 허가 없이 들어가지 마세요.

② 허가 없이 들어가지 말라.

Answer

② 허가 없이 들어가지 말라. — crisp formal written prohibition. ① is polite spoken/written guidance, but less like a stern public sign.

J. Choose the sentence with stronger principle:

① 자료가 부족해도 결론을 다시 검토하겠습니다.

② 자료가 부족할지언정 결론을 서두르지는 않겠습니다.

Answer

② 자료가 부족할지언정 결론을 서두르지는 않겠습니다. — ㄹ지언정 makes the concession more resolute and principle-focused.

📚

Vocabulary Box

• 읽다 → to read

• 만들다 → to make

• 간단하다 → to be simple

• 부담 → burden

• 학생 → student

• 소수 의견 → minority opinion

• 가다 → to go

• 말다 → to not do / to stop

• 책임을 지다 → to take responsibility

• 허가 → permission

• 들어가다 → to enter

• 자료 → data/materials

• 부족하다 → to be insufficient

• 결론 → conclusion

• 검토하다 → to review

• 서두르다 → to rush

Tip 💡 Pitfall repair is advanced grammar’s secret workout: short, humbling, effective.

 

🎉 Excellent checkpoint work. You can now sort formal commands, strong recommendations, contrast scales, prose contrasts, contradictions, concessions, choices, and rightful-duty judgments without letting them elbow each other in the hallway. Onward, grammar cartographer. 🗺️✨