๐Ÿงฌ

Biotechnology Policy and Public Safety

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ / ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ / ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ / ์Šน์ธ
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
Advanced Vocabulary
๐Ÿงฌ
TL;DR ๐Ÿฆ„
  • ๐Ÿงฌ ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ… (biotechnology policy) is the language of innovation with guardrails: how society supports science while protecting people.
  • ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Core terms include ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ (public safety), ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ (risk management), ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ (regulatory framework), and ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ (approval process).
  • โš–๏ธ Strong advanced answers do not simply praise or fear biotechnology; they explain the balance between ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  (technological innovation) and ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ (social responsibility).
๐ŸŽง
๐ŸŽง Iru Helper Note โ€” Type any Korean term or full policy sentence from this lesson into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
to hear it read aloud. Long Sino-Korean compounds like ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (risk assessment) and ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ (approval process) become much friendlier after your ears meet them. ๐Ÿงช

๐ŸŒˆ The Big Picture

Biotechnology can help create new treatments, vaccines, diagnostic tools, agricultural solutions, and environmental technologies. But because it affects bodies, genes, food systems, ecosystems, medical data, and public trust, it cannot be treated like an ordinary gadget launch. ๐Ÿงซ
That is where ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ… (biotechnology policy) comes in. Policy language asks: Who can develop the technology? Who reviews it? What risks must be tested? What happens if harm occurs? And how can innovation continue without sacrificing ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ (public safety)? ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
For advanced vocabulary, the key is relationship language. You are not only memorizing nouns; you are learning which nouns naturally pair with formal verbs: ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to manage risk), ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค (to verify safety), ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค (to go through an approval process), and ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค (to establish a regulatory framework). Tiny policy gears, very serious little machines. โš™๏ธ

๐ŸŽจ The Core Biotechnology Policy Family

๐Ÿงฌ Technology and policy nouns

  • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ  / ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  โ†’ biotechnology; technology based on biological systems, genes, cells, organisms, or medical research.
  • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ biotech industry; companies and institutions that develop biotechnology products or services.
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ†’ technological innovation; new methods, products, or systems that create practical value.
  • ์ •์ฑ… ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ โ†’ policy direction; the overall approach a government or institution chooses.

๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Safety and risk nouns

  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ โ†’ public safety; safety for society as a whole, not just one individual.
  • ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ risk management; identifying, reducing, and monitoring possible harm.
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ†’ risk assessment; a formal evaluation of how risky a technology, trial, product, or process may be.
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ โ†’ safety verification; checking whether something is safe enough to use or approve.
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ side effect; an unwanted effect, especially in medical or biological contexts.

๐Ÿ“œ Regulation and approval nouns

  • ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ / ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ regulatory framework/system; the rules and institutions that control how a technology is tested, approved, sold, or used.
  • ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ approval process; the steps required before a technology, drug, trial, or product receives formal permission.
  • ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ โ†’ clinical trial; research involving human participants to test safety and effectiveness.
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ post-approval monitoring/management; supervision after something is approved or released.
  • ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ โ†’ disclosure of information; making relevant information transparent to the public or stakeholders.

๐Ÿ› ๏ธ How They Work in a Sentence

  1. ์‹ ์•ฝ์€ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์—„๊ฒฉํ•œ ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    1. (A new drug must go through a strict approval process before being released to the market.) ๐Ÿ’Š
      • ์‹ ์•ฝ means โ€œnew drug,โ€ ์‹œ์žฅ์— ์ถœ์‹œ๋˜๋‹ค means โ€œto be released to the market,โ€ and ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค means โ€œto go throughโ€ a step or process.
  1. ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ํ™•๋Œ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ๋„ ์ปค์ง„๋‹ค.
    1. (As gene-editing technology expands, the importance of risk management also grows.) ๐Ÿงฌ
      • ํ™•๋Œ€๋ ์ˆ˜๋ก means โ€œthe more it expands,โ€ and ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์ด ์ปค์ง€๋‹ค means โ€œimportance grows.โ€
  1. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
    1. (The government should support technological innovation while establishing a regulatory framework that ensures public safety.) ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
      • ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋˜ means โ€œsupport, but with a condition/limit,โ€ and ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค means โ€œto prepare/establishโ€ a system, measure, or framework.

๐Ÿงฉ General Formation Rule

This lesson is vocabulary-focused, so there is no special verb irregular being taught. The main formation skill is formal collocation: choosing the noun + verb pair that sounds natural in policy Korean. ๐Ÿงฒ
  • Risk noun + management verb
    • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค (to manage risk)
    • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค (to minimize side effects)
    • ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค (to identify potential risk)
  • Safety noun + verification/protection verb
    • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค (to verify safety)
    • ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค (to ensure public safety)
    • ์†Œ๋น„์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋‹ค (to protect consumers)
  • Policy noun + institutional verb
    • ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ•˜๋‹ค (to establish a regulatory framework)
    • ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค (to improve an approval process)
    • ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ™•๋Œ€ํ•˜๋‹ค (to expand information disclosure)

๐Ÿ“š Cross-check note

Key vocabulary and formal usage in this lesson were checked against National Institute of Korean Language resources at korean.go.kr, including public-language and specialized-term guidance for policy vocabulary such as ์ •์ฑ…, ๊ทœ์ œ, ์Šน์ธ, ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ, ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ, and ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™. โœ…

๐Ÿชž Synonym Alert

  • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ  (biotechnology; common in industry/news) vs. ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณตํ•™ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  (biotechnology; more formal/academic)
  • ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ (regulatory framework; metaphorical โ€œframeโ€) vs. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ (regulatory system; more institutional)
  • ์Šน์ธ (approval after review; institutional) vs. ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ (permission/authorization; broader legal use)
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ (risk assessment; formal evaluation) vs. ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ (risk management; ongoing control)
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ (public safety; society-level) vs. ๊ฐœ์ธ ์•ˆ์ „ (individual safety; person-level)

โš ๏ธ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • โŒ ๊ทœ์น™ = ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ โœ… ๊ทœ์น™ is a general rule; ๊ทœ์ œ is institutional/legal control. ๐Ÿšฆ
  • โŒ ์Šน์ธ and ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ are always interchangeable โ†’ โœ… ์Šน์ธ often emphasizes review and acceptance; ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ emphasizes permission by authority. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
  • โŒ ์•ˆ์ „ and ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ are identical โ†’ โœ… ์•ˆ์ „ is safety itself; ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ is the quality/degree of being safe, often tested or verified. ๐Ÿงช
  • โŒ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ happens after problems occur โ†’ โœ… It is usually done before approval or use to identify possible risks. ๐Ÿ”
  • โŒ A strong policy answer only lists benefits โ†’ โœ… Advanced Korean policy writing usually balances ํ˜์‹  (innovation), ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ (risk management), and ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ (social trust). โš–๏ธ
Biotechnology policy vocabulary lets you sound precise, calm, and publicly responsible โ€” like your microscope brought a helmet, a clipboard, and a conscience. ๐Ÿ”ฌ๐Ÿ“‹

Try this exercise

Instructions: Complete each sentence with the most natural policy term. Read the full Korean sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the collocation and meaning.
1. ์‹ ์•ฝ์€ ์ถœ์‹œ ์ „์— ์Šน์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
A new drug must go through an approval process before release. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ means โ€œapproval process,โ€ and ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค naturally means โ€œto go throughโ€ a process.
2. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•  ์ •์ฑ…์„ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government prepared a policy to ensure public safety. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์•ˆ์ „ โ€” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ means safety for society as a whole.
3. ์ƒˆ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The safety of the new technology must be sufficiently verified. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค is the natural formal phrase.
4. ์œ ์ „์ž ํŽธ์ง‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—๋Š” ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Gene-editing technology needs a clear regulatory framework. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
ํ‹€ โ€” ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ means a regulatory framework.
5. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ์Šน์ธ ์ „์— ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Risk assessment should take place before approval. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ means risk assessment.
6. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์‚ฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Social trust is important for the growth of the biotech industry. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์‹ ๋ขฐ โ€” ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ means social trust.
7. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy should focus on minimizing side effects. ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
์ตœ์†Œํ™” โ€” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to minimize side effects.
8. ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Clinical trial results should be disclosed transparently. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๊ณต๊ฐœ โ€” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค means to disclose information.
9. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
A balance between technological innovation and risk management is necessary. โš–๏ธ
Answer
๊ท ํ˜• โ€” ๊ท ํ˜• means balance.
10. ์Šน์ธ ํ›„์—๋„ ์‚ฌํ›„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Post-approval monitoring should continue even after approval. ๐Ÿ‘€
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ means post-approval monitoring or management.
๐Ÿ“š
Vocabulary Box
  • ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ approval process
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ โ†’ public safety
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ ๊ฒ€์ฆ โ†’ safety verification
  • ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ โ†’ regulatory framework
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ†’ risk assessment
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ โ†’ social trust
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ side effect
  • ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ โ†’ clinical trial
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ†’ technological innovation
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ post-approval monitoring
Tips ๐Ÿ’ก
  • ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค pairs naturally with ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ.
  • ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค pairs naturally with ์ ˆ์ฐจ.

๐Ÿš€
Want more reps? Head into the Practice Hub below for policy vocabulary drills with fewer lab explosions and more elegant nouns. ๐Ÿงช
๐Ÿ“ฆ
๐ŸŽฏ Practice Hub โ€” Biotechnology Policy and Public Safety
ย 
Welcome to the biotechnology policy drill lab. ๐Ÿงฌ Here youโ€™ll practice the terms that help advanced Korean sound precise: approval, regulation, risk assessment, public safety, and social trust. By the end, you should be able to explain not just whether biotechnology is useful, but how it should be governed responsibly. โš–๏ธ
ย 
๐Ÿ”Š Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets
whenever you want to hear a sentence before repeating it.
ย 
๐Ÿ“ Instructions: Complete each sentence with the best Korean word or phrase, read the full sentence aloud, and then open the Answer toggle. Pay special attention to natural formal collocations: which policy noun belongs with which verb.
ย 

Exercise 1 โ€” Approval and Regulation ๐Ÿ“œ

A. ์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์Šน์ธ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ์ค€๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The new-drug developer is preparing the approval process. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
์ ˆ์ฐจ โ€” ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ means approval process.
B. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ๋ จํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The government established a regulatory framework for biotechnology. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
ํ‹€ โ€” ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ means regulatory framework.
C. ์ƒˆ ๋ฐฑ์‹ ์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์˜ ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The new vaccine must go through several stages of review. ๐Ÿ’‰
Answer
๊ฑฐ์ณ โ€” ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์น˜๋‹ค means to go through review.
D. ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์™€ ์Šน์ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
You must understand the difference between permission and approval clearly. ๐Ÿ”Ž
Answer
๋ช…ํ™• โ€” ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to understand clearly.
E. ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ์Šน์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The institution publicly disclosed the approval standards. ๐Ÿ“ข
Answer
๊ณต๊ฐœ โ€” ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค means to disclose.
F. ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š”๋‹ค.
If the regulatory system is vague, both companies and citizens experience confusion. ๐ŸŒซ๏ธ
Answer
๊ฒช โ€” ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๊ฒช๋‹ค means to experience confusion.
G. ์‹œ์žฅ ์ถœ์‹œ ์ „ ๊ฒ€ํ† ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
Pre-market review is a system for public safety. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
์ œ๋„ โ€” ์ œ๋„ means an institution/system.
H. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋˜ ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The government should support industrial growth while improving regulation. ๐Ÿ—๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐœ์„  โ€” ๊ทœ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•˜๋‹ค means to improve regulation.
I. ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If the approval process is opaque, social trust may weaken. ๐Ÿค
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๊ฐ€ ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means trust weakens.
J. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Biotechnology policy must present clear standards. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์ œ์‹œ โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค means to present standards.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์‹ ์•ฝ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ โ†’ new-drug developer
  • ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ approval process
  • ๊ทœ์ œ ํ‹€ โ†’ regulatory framework
  • ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ โ†’ review/screening
  • ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ โ†’ permission/authorization
  • ์Šน์ธ ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ approval standards
  • ๊ทœ์ œ ์ฒด๊ณ„ โ†’ regulatory system
  • ์‹œ์žฅ ์ถœ์‹œ โ†’ market release
  • ๋ถˆํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be opaque
  • ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to present standards
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Approval language often uses ์ ˆ์ฐจ, ์‹ฌ์‚ฌ, ๊ธฐ์ค€, and ๊ณต๊ฐœ.

Exercise 2 โ€” Risk and Safety ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž… ์ „์— ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Risk assessment is necessary before technology adoption. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ means risk assessment.
B. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ง„์€ ์ƒˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ–ˆ๋‹ค.
The researchers verified the safety of the new treatment. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
๊ฒ€์ฆ โ€” ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์„ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค means to verify safety.
C. ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policy must identify potential risks in advance. โš ๏ธ
Answer
ํŒŒ์•… โ€” ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๋‹ค means to identify risk.
D. ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Post-approval monitoring must be strengthened to reduce side effects. ๐Ÿ‘€
Answer
๊ฐ•ํ™” โ€” ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋˜๋‹ค means monitoring/management is strengthened.
E. ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.
Transparent disclosure is necessary to ensure public safety. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๋ณด์žฅ โ€” ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค means to ensure public safety.
F. ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์ œํ•œ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ด๋‹ค.
Risk management is not simple restriction but a process that reduces harm. ๐Ÿงฏ
Answer
์ค„์ด โ€” ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค means to reduce harm.
G. ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฐธ์—ฌ์ž์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ์ƒํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
In clinical trials, participantsโ€™ health status must be continuously monitored. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๊ด€์ฐฐ โ€” ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค means to observe/monitor.
H. ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์›Œ์ง„๋‹ค.
If safety standards are low, consumer protection becomes difficult. ๐Ÿง‘โ€โš•๏ธ
Answer
์–ด๋ ค โ€” ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋‹ค means to become difficult.
I. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ์†”์งํžˆ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The uncertainty of research results must be honestly disclosed. ๐Ÿ“Š
Answer
๊ณต๊ฐœ โ€” ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋‹ค means to disclose uncertainty.
J. ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ค€์€ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Risk management standards may be adjusted depending on the situation. โš™๏ธ
Answer
์กฐ์ • โ€” ๊ธฐ์ค€์ด ์กฐ์ •๋˜๋‹ค means standards are adjusted.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ†’ risk assessment
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋„์ž… โ†’ technology adoption
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ†’ safety quality
  • ์ž ์žฌ์  ์œ„ํ—˜ โ†’ potential risk
  • ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ โ†’ side effect
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ post-approval monitoring
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ โ†’ public safety
  • ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ โ†’ clinical trial
  • ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ consumer protection
  • ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ โ†’ uncertainty
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Safety vocabulary often pairs with ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๋‹ค, ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋‹ค, ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๋‹ค, and ์กฐ์ •ํ•˜๋‹ค.

Exercise 3 โ€” Innovation, Industry, and Trust ๐Ÿš€

A. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The biotech industry can contribute to medical progress. ๐Ÿฅ
Answer
๊ธฐ์—ฌ โ€” ๋ฐœ์ „์— ๊ธฐ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to contribute to progress.
B. ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ์„ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Rather than blocking technological innovation, safe use should be promoted. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
์ด‰์ง„ โ€” ํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๋‹ค means to promote use.
C. ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•œ ์Šน์ธ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
A transparent approval process builds social trust. ๐Ÿค
Answer
๋†’์ธ โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค means to raise/build trust.
D. ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Excessive regulation can slow research and development. ๐Ÿข
Answer
์œ„์ถ• โ€” ์œ„์ถ•์‹œํ‚ค๋‹ค means to discourage or shrink activity.
E. ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์ง€์› ์ •์ฑ…์€ ์‹ ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋Š”๋‹ค.
Fair support policy helps the growth of start-ups. ๐ŸŒฑ
Answer
๋• โ€” ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ๋•๋‹ค means to help growth.
F. ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
If disclosure is insufficient, public concern increases. ๐Ÿ“ข
Answer
ํ™•๋Œ€ โ€” ์šฐ๋ ค๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋Œ€๋˜๋‹ค means concern expands.
G. ์ •์ฑ… ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž๋Š” ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Policymakers must consider industrial development and citizen protection together. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๊ณ ๋ ค โ€” ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋‹ค means to consider together.
H. ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์˜ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Reasonable regulation can guide the direction of innovation. ๐Ÿงญ
Answer
์•ˆ๋‚ด โ€” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋‹ค means to guide direction.
I. ๊ณต๊ณต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Public research should be used to solve social problems. ๐ŸŒ
Answer
ํ™œ์šฉ โ€” ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋‹ค means to be used/utilized.
J. ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ์‹ ๋ขฐ ์—†์ด๋Š” ์ •์ฑ… ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค.
Without citizensโ€™ trust, policy effects are hard to maintain. ๐Ÿงฉ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋‹ค means effects are maintained.
Vocabulary Box
  • ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ์‚ฐ์—… โ†’ biotech industry
  • ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ โ†’ medical progress
  • ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹  โ†’ technological innovation
  • ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉ โ†’ safe use
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์‹ ๋ขฐ โ†’ social trust
  • ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ excessive regulation
  • ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ โ†’ research and development
  • ์‹ ์ƒ ๊ธฐ์—… โ†’ start-up company
  • ์ •์ฑ… ๋‹ด๋‹น์ž โ†’ policymaker
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์—ฐ๊ตฌ โ†’ public research
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Balanced policy writing can criticize ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ทœ์ œ while still supporting ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „.

Exercise 4 โ€” Balanced Policy Frames โš–๏ธ

A. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์œ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋‹ค.
Biotechnology is useful, but risk management is necessary. โš–๏ธ
Answer
ํ•„์š” โ€” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค means to be necessary.
B. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
The government should support innovation while strengthening safety standards. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
๋˜ โ€” ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋˜ means โ€œsupport, but with a condition/limit.โ€
C. ์Šน์ธ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ๋น ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„ ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Even if the approval process is fast, the verification process must not be omitted. ๐Ÿšซ
Answer
์ƒ๋žต โ€” ์ƒ๋žต๋˜๋‹ค means to be omitted.
D. ์‚ฐ์—… ์„ฑ์žฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„ ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋œ๋‹ค.
Even for industrial growth, public safety must not be overlooked. ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ
Answer
๊ฐ„๊ณผ โ€” ๊ฐ„๊ณผํ•˜๋‹ค means to overlook.
E. ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ง‰๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Regulation can be not a barrier blocking technology but a mechanism that creates trust. ๐ŸŒ‰
Answer
์žฅ์น˜ โ€” ์žฅ์น˜ means device/mechanism.
F. ์ƒˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Even if a new treatment is effective, side effects must be checked. ๐Ÿ’Š
Answer
ํ™•์ธ โ€” ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋‹ค means to check side effects.
G. ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ž์œ ์™€ ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
We must maintain a balance between research freedom and consumer protection. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์œ ์ง€ โ€” ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋‹ค means to maintain balance.
H. ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
Disclosing information can reduce unnecessary misunderstandings. ๐Ÿ’ฌ
Answer
์ค„ โ€” ์˜คํ•ด๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋‹ค means to reduce misunderstandings.
I. ์œ„ํ—˜์ด ์ž‘๋”๋ผ๋„ ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค.
Even if the risk is small, the assessment process must be conducted. ๐Ÿ“‹
Answer
์‹ค์‹œ โ€” ์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‹ค์‹œํ•˜๋‹ค means to conduct a process.
J. ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The purpose of policy lies in pursuing innovation and safety together. ๐ŸŽฏ
Answer
์ถ”๊ตฌ โ€” ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to pursue.
Vocabulary Box
  • ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ risk management
  • ์ง€์›ํ•˜๋˜ โ†’ support, but with limits
  • ์•ˆ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ค€ โ†’ safety standards
  • ๊ฒ€์ฆ ๊ณผ์ • โ†’ verification process
  • ์‚ฐ์—… ์„ฑ์žฅ โ†’ industrial growth
  • ๊ณต๊ณต ์•ˆ์ „ โ†’ public safety
  • ์žฅ๋ฒฝ โ†’ barrier
  • ์žฅ์น˜ โ†’ mechanism/device
  • ์†Œ๋น„์ž ๋ณดํ˜ธ โ†’ consumer protection
  • ํ‰๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ์ฐจ โ†’ assessment process
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Useful balanced frames include -์ง€๋งŒ, -๋˜, -๋”๋ผ๋„, and ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋ผ๋„.

Exercise 5 โ€” Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ

A. ๊ทœ์น™์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์•ฝ์†์ด๊ณ , ๊ทœ์ œ๋Š” ์ œ๋„์  ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์— ๊ฐ€๊น๋‹ค.
A rule is a general agreement, while regulation is closer to institutional control. ๐Ÿšฆ
Answer
ํ†ต์ œ โ€” โŒ ๊ทœ์น™ and ๊ทœ์ œ are not identical. โœ… ๊ทœ์ œ suggests institutional or legal control.
B. ์Šน์ธ์€ ๊ฒ€ํ†  ๋’ค์˜ ๊ฒฐ์ •์ด๊ณ , ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Approval is a decision after review, and permission is authorization by an empowered institution. ๐Ÿ›๏ธ
Answer
ํ—ˆ์šฉ โ€” โŒ ์Šน์ธ and ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ are not always the same. โœ… ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ emphasizes permission/authorization.
C. ์•ˆ์ „์€ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ , ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ด๋‹ค.
Safety is a state, and safety quality is something that can be verified. ๐Ÿงช
Answer
์„ฑ์งˆ โ€” โŒ ์•ˆ์ „ and ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ are not identical. โœ… ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ is the quality/degree of being safe.
D. ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด ๋’ค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ „์— ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋œ๋‹ค.
Risk assessment is conducted in advance, not after problems occur. ๐Ÿ”
Answer
์‹ค์‹œ โ€” โŒ Risk assessment is not only after harm. โœ… It is usually conducted before approval or use.
E. ํ˜œํƒ๋งŒ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค.
If only benefits are emphasized, risk management and social responsibility are neglected. โš–๏ธ
Answer
์†Œํ™€ํžˆ โ€” โŒ A strong policy answer does not list only benefits. โœ… It balances benefits with risk and responsibility.
F. ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•˜๋ฉด ์Šน์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์˜ ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
If clinical trial data is insufficient, the validity of the approval decision may be weakened. ๐Ÿ“‰
Answer
์•ฝํ™” โ€” This reviews formal evaluation language: ํƒ€๋‹น์„ฑ์ด ์•ฝํ™”๋˜๋‹ค.
G. ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์Šน์ธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์•ˆ์ „ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๋‹ค.
Post-approval monitoring is a mechanism for managing safety issues after approval. ๐Ÿ‘€
Answer
๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ€” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•˜๋‹ค means to manage issues.
H. ์ •๋ณด ๊ณต๊ฐœ๋Š” ์‹œ๋ฏผ์˜ ๋ถˆ์‹ ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ  ์ •์ฑ… ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๋‹ค.
Information disclosure reduces public distrust and raises policy trust. ๐Ÿ“ข
Answer
๋†’์ธ โ€” ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ๋†’์ด๋‹ค is the natural collocation.
I. ๋ฐ”์ด์˜ค ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ™•๋Œ€๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ทœ์ œ ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
The expansion of biotechnology can create new regulatory challenges. ๐Ÿงฌ
Answer
๋‚ณ โ€” ๊ณผ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ๋‹ค means to give rise to challenges.
J. ํ˜์‹ , ์•ˆ์ „, ์‹ ๋ขฐ๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์ด ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ๏ผฟ์ ์ด๋‹ค.
A policy that considers innovation, safety, and trust together is desirable. ๐ŸŒŸ
Answer
๋ฐ”๋žŒ์ง โ€” ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค means desirable.
Vocabulary Box
  • ๊ทœ์น™ โ†’ rule
  • ๊ทœ์ œ โ†’ regulation/control
  • ์Šน์ธ โ†’ approval
  • ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€ โ†’ permission/authorization
  • ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ โ†’ safety quality
  • ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ ํ‰๊ฐ€ โ†’ risk assessment
  • ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์ฑ…์ž„ โ†’ social responsibility
  • ์ž„์ƒ์‹œํ—˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ โ†’ clinical trial data
  • ์‚ฌํ›„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ โ†’ post-approval monitoring
  • ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์งํ•˜๋‹ค โ†’ to be desirable
Tip ๐Ÿ’ก Final check: precise policy Korean separates similar-looking words instead of treating them as twins wearing different lab coats.
ย 
๐ŸŽ‰ Excellent work โ€” you can now discuss biotechnology policy with balanced, public-safety-minded Korean. Your vocabulary has officially passed the approval process, with no suspicious side effects reported. ๐Ÿงฌ๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ