⚖️

Based on: -에 근거하여

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근거
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Advanced Grammar
🎯
TL;DR 🦄
  • ⚖️ -에 근거하여 [e geun-geo-ha-yeo] means “based on / on the basis of” and is most natural in formal writing, reports, law, research, and presentations.
  • 📊 The noun before 에 [e] is the basis: 자료에 근거하여 [ja-ryo-e geun-geo-ha-yeo] = “based on the data/materials.”
  • 🧭 Use -에 근거한 [e geun-geo-han] before a noun, and -에 근거하다 [e geun-geo-ha-da] as the sentence-ending verb.
🔊
🎧 Iru Helper Note — If a sentence looks serious enough to wear a tiny suit, paste it into
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets and let the audio widget read it aloud. Your ears deserve evidence too. 👂⚖️
 

🌈 The Big Picture

근거 [geun-geo] means basis, grounds, evidence, or foundation. So -에 근거하여 [e geun-geo-ha-yeo] literally means “by being based on…” and naturally becomes “based on…” in English. 🧱
It is more formal than everyday -을/를 바탕으로 [eul/reul ba-tang-eu-ro] “based on” and much more presentation/report-friendly than a plain reason word like “because.” You will see it with nouns such as 자료 [ja-ryo] data/materials, 통계 [tong-gye] statistics, 증거 [jeung-geo] evidence, 연구 [yeon-gu] research, 설문 조사 [seol-mun jo-sa] survey, 법 [beop] law, 규정 [gyu-jeong] regulation, 판결 [pan-gyeol] ruling, and 기록 [gi-rok] records. 📚
Core sentence idea: A decision, claim, report, analysis, or judgment rests on B. The B goes before 에 [e].
 

🎨 The Core “Based On” Family

  • 명사에 근거하여 + 동작 = based on a noun, do an action. The noun is the evidence/foundation. Example nouns: 자료 data, 통계 statistics, 증거 evidence, 연구 research. 📊
  • 명사에 근거한 + 명사 = a noun based on something. Useful with 분석 [bun-seok] analysis, 결론 [gyeol-lon] conclusion, 주장 [ju-jang] claim, 판단 [pan-dan] judgment, 정책 [jeong-chaek] policy, and 결정 [gyeol-jeong] decision. 🧭
  • 명사에 근거하다 = to be based on a noun. This is the dictionary-style predicate form: 이 분석은 자료에 근거합니다 [i bun-seo-geun ja-ryo-e geun-geo-ham-ni-da] = “This analysis is based on data.” 📝
Helpful action verbs for this lesson: 작성하다 [jak-seong-ha-da] to write/prepare, 분석하다 [bun-seok-ha-da] to analyze, 판단하다 [pan-dan-ha-da] to judge, 결정하다 [gyeol-jeong-ha-da] to decide, 주장하다 [ju-jang-ha-da] to claim, 설명하다 [seol-myeong-ha-da] to explain, 제시하다 [je-si-ha-da] to present, 세우다 [se-u-da] to establish, 검토하다 [geom-to-ha-da] to review, 수정하다 [su-jeong-ha-da] to revise, and 발표하다 [bal-pyo-ha-da] to present. 🧰
Particles you’ll see here: 에 [e] marks the basis with 근거하다, 을/를 [eul/reul] marks an object, 이/가 [i/ga] marks a subject, 은/는 [eun/neun] marks a topic, and 와/과 [wa/gwa] means “and/with.” Tiny particles, big legal-document energy. ⚖️
 

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

  • 연구 결과에 근거하여 결론을 제시했습니다. [yeon-gu gyeol-gwa-e geun-geo-ha-yeo gyeol-lo-neul je-si-haet-seum-ni-da]
      • “Based on the research results, we presented a conclusion.” 🔬
      연구 결과 = research results, 결론 = conclusion, 제시하다 = to present.
  • 통계에 근거한 분석은 설득력이 있습니다. [tong-gye-e geun-geo-han bun-seo-geun seol-deuk-ryeo-gi it-seum-ni-da]
      • “An analysis based on statistics has persuasiveness.” 📈
      통계 = statistics, 분석 = analysis, 설득력 = persuasiveness.
  • 이 판단은 증거에 근거합니다. [i pan-da-neun jeung-geo-e geun-geo-ham-ni-da]
      • “This judgment is based on evidence.” 🕵️
      판단 = judgment, 증거 = evidence.
 

🧩 General Formation Rule

Formal connective: 명사 + 에 근거하여 + 절
  • 자료에 근거하여 보고서를 작성했습니다. [ja-ryo-e geun-geo-ha-yeo bo-go-seo-reul jak-seong-haet-seum-ni-da] = “Based on the data/materials, I wrote the report.” 📄
Noun-modifying form: 명사 + 에 근거한 + 명사
  • 법에 근거한 결정 [beo-be geun-geo-han gyeol-jeong] = “a decision based on law.” ⚖️
Predicate form: 명사 + 에 근거하다
  • 정책은 통계에 근거합니다. [jeong-chae-geun tong-gye-e geun-geo-ham-ni-da] = “The policy is based on statistics.” 🏛️
There is no special sound-change trap here. The key is case marking: with 근거하다, the foundation takes 에, not 을/를. When using the related expression 을/를 근거로 [eul/reul geun-geo-ro] “using something as grounds,” the evidence becomes the object: 자료를 근거로 [ja-ryo-reul geun-geo-ro] = “using the data as grounds.” 🧾
 

📚 Cross-check note

The meaning of 근거하다 was cross-checked against korean.go.kr: it means that a matter, judgment, or claim is based on a phenomenon or fact. ✅
 

🪞 Synonym Alert

  • -에 근거하여 [e geun-geo-ha-yeo] — formal, written, evidence/grounds-focused: reports, law, research, official explanations. ⚖️
  • -을/를 바탕으로 [eul/reul ba-tang-eu-ro] — everyday-to-formal “based on,” softer and broader; good for experiences, plans, and creative work. 🎨
  • -을/를 토대로 [eul/reul to-dae-ro] — formal “on the foundation of,” often used with analysis, plans, research, and data. 🏗️
  • -에 의거하여 [e ui-geo-ha-yeo] — very formal/legal “in accordance with / pursuant to,” especially rules, laws, and contracts. 📜
  • -을/를 기준으로 [eul/reul gi-jun-eu-ro] — “using as the standard/criterion,” not always evidence. 📏
 

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

  • ❌ 자료를 근거하여 → ✅ 자료에 근거하여 (With 근거하다, the basis takes 에.) 📊
  • ❌ Using it for casual feelings like “based on my mood” → ✅ Use it for evidence, facts, laws, research, records, or clear grounds. 🧾
  • ❌ Treating -에 근거하여 and -에 의거하여 as identical → ✅ 의거하여 sounds more legal/official and often means “in accordance with.” 📜
  • ❌ 근거한 after a full sentence → ✅ 명사에 근거한 명사, as in 통계에 근거한 분석. 🧠
  • ❌ Dropping the evidence noun → ✅ Say what the claim is based on: 증거에, 자료에, 법에, 기록에. 🔍
 
🎉 Now your Korean can say, “I have receipts,” but in a polished report voice. Tiny grammar briefcase acquired. 💼⚖️
 
Try this exercise
Instructions: Complete each formal sentence with the correct “based on” form. Say the Korean sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check the grammar logic. 🧠
1. 자료＿＿＿＿ 보고서를 작성했습니다.
[ja-ryo ＿＿＿＿ bo-go-seo-reul jak-seong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the data/materials, I wrote the report. 📄
Answer
에 근거하여 — 자료 is the basis, so use 자료 + 에 근거하여. 📊
2. 통계＿＿＿＿ 분석은 설득력이 있습니다.
[tong-gye ＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geun seol-deuk-ryeo-gi it-seum-ni-da]
The analysis based on statistics is persuasive. 📈
Answer
에 근거한 — It modifies 분석, so use the noun-modifying form 근거한. 🧭
3. 이 판단은 증거＿＿＿＿.
[i pan-da-neun jeung-geo ＿＿＿＿]
This judgment is based on evidence. 🕵️
Answer
에 근거합니다 — Predicate sentence: 증거에 근거합니다. ⚖️
4. 연구 결과＿＿＿＿ 결론을 제시했습니다.
[yeon-gu gyeol-gwa ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-lo-neul je-si-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the research results, we presented a conclusion. 🔬
Answer
에 근거하여 — The action 제시했습니다 follows, so use the connective. 📚
5. 법＿＿＿＿ 결정은 공식적입니다.
[beop ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-jeong-eun gong-sik-jeo-gim-ni-da]
The decision based on law is official. ⚖️
Answer
에 근거한 — It describes 결정, so 근거한 sits before the noun. 📜
6. 기록＿＿＿＿ 정책을 수정했습니다.
[gi-rok ＿＿＿＿ jeong-chae-geul su-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the records, we revised the policy. 🗂️
Answer
에 근거하여 — 기록 is the basis; 정책을 수정했습니다 is the action. 🛠️
7. 설문 조사＿＿＿＿ 주장은 조심스럽습니다.
[seol-mun jo-sa ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eun jo-sim-seu-reop-seum-ni-da]
The claim based on the survey is cautious. 📝
Answer
에 근거한 — 주장을 describes a noun, so use 근거한. 🧾
8. 규정＿＿＿＿ 계약을 검토했습니다.
[gyu-jeong ＿＿＿＿ gye-ya-geul geom-to-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the regulation, we reviewed the contract. 📜
Answer
에 근거하여 — Formal action sentence: 규정에 근거하여. ⚖️
9. 이 분석은 현장 조사＿＿＿＿.
[i bun-seo-geun hyeon-jang jo-sa ＿＿＿＿]
This analysis is based on field investigation. 🔍
Answer
에 근거합니다 — Predicate form: 현장 조사에 근거합니다. 🧭
10. 데이터＿＿＿＿ 기준을 세웠습니다.
[de-i-teo ＿＿＿＿ gi-ju-neul se-wot-seum-ni-da]
Based on the data, we established a standard. 📏
Answer
에 근거하여 — 데이터 is the foundation for the action 세웠습니다. 🧱
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 보고서 → report
  • 작성하다 → to write/prepare
  • 통계 → statistics
  • 분석 → analysis
  • 설득력 → persuasiveness
  • 판단 → judgment
  • 증거 → evidence
  • 연구 결과 → research results
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 제시하다 → to present
  • 법 → law
  • 결정 → decision
  • 기록 → records
  • 정책 → policy
  • 수정하다 → to revise
  • 설문 조사 → survey
  • 주장 → claim
  • 규정 → regulation
  • 계약 → contract
  • 검토하다 → to review
  • 현장 조사 → field investigation
  • 데이터 → data
  • 기준 → standard
  • 세우다 → to establish
Tip 💡 Action after it? Use 에 근거하여. Noun after it? Use 에 근거한.
🚀
Want more reps? The Practice Hub below has your evidence-powered workout ready. 📊
 
📦
🎯 Practice Hub — Based on: -에 근거하여
 
Welcome to the formal-evidence gym. ⚖️ In this Practice Hub, you’ll train -에 근거하여, -에 근거한, and -에 근거합니다 until your Korean reports sound like they came with footnotes and a tiny briefcase. 💼
 
🔊 Audio reminder: Use
Korean Helper Widgets
Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a formal sentence before you answer.
 
📝 Instructions: Fill each blank with the form that fits the sentence. Watch whether the next part is an action, a noun, or the end of a sentence, then check the Answer toggle.
 

Exercise 1 — Formal Connective: 에 근거하여 📊

A. 통계＿＿＿＿ 정책을 결정했습니다.
[tong-gye ＿＿＿＿ jeong-chae-geul gyeol-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on statistics, we decided the policy. 📈
Answer
에 근거하여 — A full action follows: 정책을 결정했습니다.
B. 증거＿＿＿＿ 주장을 설명했습니다.
[jeung-geo ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on evidence, we explained the claim. 🕵️
Answer
에 근거하여 — 증거 is the basis, and 설명했습니다 is the action.
C. 자료＿＿＿＿ 분석을 발표했습니다.
[ja-ryo ＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geul bal-pyo-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the data/materials, we presented the analysis. 📄
Answer
에 근거하여 — Use 에, not 을/를, with 근거하다.
D. 법＿＿＿＿ 계약을 검토했습니다.
[beop ＿＿＿＿ gye-ya-geul geom-to-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the law, we reviewed the contract. ⚖️
Answer
에 근거하여 — 법 is the formal legal basis.
E. 규정＿＿＿＿ 기준을 세웠습니다.
[gyu-jeong ＿＿＿＿ gi-ju-neul se-wot-seum-ni-da]
Based on the regulation, we established a standard. 📏
Answer
에 근거하여 — The action is 기준을 세웠습니다.
F. 기록＿＿＿＿ 결론을 제시했습니다.
[gi-rok ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-lo-neul je-si-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the records, we presented a conclusion. 🗂️
Answer
에 근거하여 — 기록에 근거하여 = based on records.
G. 설문 조사＿＿＿＿ 보고서를 수정했습니다.
[seol-mun jo-sa ＿＿＿＿ bo-go-seo-reul su-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the survey, we revised the report. 📝
Answer
에 근거하여 — The basis is 설문 조사.
H. 연구＿＿＿＿ 원칙을 설명했습니다.
[yeon-gu ＿＿＿＿ won-chi-geul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the research, we explained the principle. 🔬
Answer
에 근거하여 — Formal writing loves 연구에 근거하여.
I. 현장 조사＿＿＿＿ 판단을 내렸습니다.
[hyeon-jang jo-sa ＿＿＿＿ pan-da-neul nae-ryeot-seum-ni-da]
Based on the field investigation, we made a judgment. 🔍
Answer
에 근거하여 — 판단을 내렸습니다 is the action.
J. 인터뷰＿＿＿＿ 결과를 분석했습니다.
[in-teo-byu ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-gwa-reul bun-seok-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the interview, we analyzed the results. 🎙️
Answer
에 근거하여 — 인터뷰 is the basis for the analysis.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 통계 → statistics
  • 정책 → policy
  • 결정하다 → to decide
  • 증거 → evidence
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 분석 → analysis
  • 발표하다 → to present
  • 법 → law
  • 계약 → contract
  • 검토하다 → to review
  • 규정 → regulation
  • 기준 → standard
  • 세우다 → to establish
  • 기록 → records
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 제시하다 → to present
  • 설문 조사 → survey
  • 보고서 → report
  • 수정하다 → to revise
  • 연구 → research
  • 원칙 → principle
  • 현장 조사 → field investigation
  • 판단 → judgment
  • 내리다 → to make/issue
  • 인터뷰 → interview
  • 결과 → result
Tip 💡 If an action follows, 에 근거하여 is your formal connector.
 

Exercise 2 — Noun Modifier: 에 근거한 🧭

A. 자료＿＿＿＿ 보고서는 명확합니다.
[ja-ryo ＿＿＿＿ bo-go-seo-neun myeong-hwa-kam-ni-da]
The report based on data/materials is clear. 📄
Answer
에 근거한 — It describes 보고서.
B. 통계＿＿＿＿ 주장은 설득력이 있습니다.
[tong-gye ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eun seol-deuk-ryeo-gi it-seum-ni-da]
The claim based on statistics is persuasive. 📈
Answer
에 근거한 — 근거한 + 주장.
C. 증거＿＿＿＿ 판단은 조심스럽습니다.
[jeung-geo ＿＿＿＿ pan-da-neun jo-sim-seu-reop-seum-ni-da]
The judgment based on evidence is cautious. 🕵️
Answer
에 근거한 — 증거에 근거한 판단 = evidence-based judgment.
D. 연구 결과＿＿＿＿ 결론은 중요합니다.
[yeon-gu gyeol-gwa ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-lo-neun jung-yo-ham-ni-da]
The conclusion based on research results is important. 🔬
Answer
에 근거한 — It modifies 결론.
E. 법＿＿＿＿ 결정은 공식적입니다.
[beop ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-jeong-eun gong-sik-jeo-gim-ni-da]
The decision based on law is official. ⚖️
Answer
에 근거한 — 법에 근거한 decision = legally grounded decision.
F. 규정＿＿＿＿ 기준은 필요합니다.
[gyu-jeong ＿＿＿＿ gi-ju-neun pi-ryo-ham-ni-da]
The standard based on regulation is necessary. 📏
Answer
에 근거한 — 근거한 sits before the noun 기준.
G. 기록＿＿＿＿ 분석은 정확합니다.
[gi-rok ＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geun jeong-hwa-kam-ni-da]
The analysis based on records is accurate. 🗂️
Answer
에 근거한 — 기록 provides the basis.
H. 설문 조사＿＿＿＿ 정책은 현실적입니다.
[seol-mun jo-sa ＿＿＿＿ jeong-chae-geun hyeon-sil-jeo-gim-ni-da]
The policy based on a survey is realistic. 📝
Answer
에 근거한 — 근거한 modifies 정책.
I. 현장 조사＿＿＿＿ 설명은 신뢰할 수 있습니다.
[hyeon-jang jo-sa ＿＿＿＿ seol-myeong-eun sil-roe-hal su it-seum-ni-da]
The explanation based on field investigation is reliable. 🔍
Answer
에 근거한 — 설명 is the noun being described.
J. 인터뷰＿＿＿＿ 결과는 흥미롭습니다.
[in-teo-byu ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-gwa-neun heung-mi-rop-seum-ni-da]
The result based on the interview is interesting. 🎙️
Answer
에 근거한 — 인터뷰에 근거한 결과.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 보고서 → report
  • 명확하다 → to be clear
  • 통계 → statistics
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설득력 → persuasiveness
  • 증거 → evidence
  • 판단 → judgment
  • 조심스럽다 → to be cautious
  • 연구 결과 → research results
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 중요하다 → to be important
  • 법 → law
  • 결정 → decision
  • 공식적이다 → to be official
  • 규정 → regulation
  • 기준 → standard
  • 필요하다 → to be necessary
  • 기록 → records
  • 분석 → analysis
  • 정확하다 → to be accurate
  • 설문 조사 → survey
  • 정책 → policy
  • 현실적이다 → to be realistic
  • 현장 조사 → field investigation
  • 설명 → explanation
  • 신뢰할 수 있다 → to be reliable
  • 인터뷰 → interview
  • 결과 → result
  • 흥미롭다 → to be interesting
Tip 💡 If a noun comes right after the blank, choose 에 근거한.
 

Exercise 3 — Predicate Form: 에 근거합니다 ⚖️

A. 이 보고서는 자료＿＿＿＿.
[i bo-go-seo-neun ja-ryo ＿＿＿＿]
This report is based on data/materials. 📄
Answer
에 근거합니다 — Predicate ending: 보고서는 자료에 근거합니다.
B. 그 분석은 통계＿＿＿＿.
[geu bun-seo-geun tong-gye ＿＿＿＿]
That analysis is based on statistics. 📈
Answer
에 근거합니다 — 통계 is the basis.
C. 이 주장은 증거＿＿＿＿.
[i ju-jang-eun jeung-geo ＿＿＿＿]
This claim is based on evidence. 🕵️
Answer
에 근거합니다 — Use 에 with 근거합니다.
D. 그 결론은 연구 결과＿＿＿＿.
[geu gyeol-lo-neun yeon-gu gyeol-gwa ＿＿＿＿]
That conclusion is based on research results. 🔬
Answer
에 근거합니다 — 연구 결과에 근거합니다.
E. 이 결정은 법＿＿＿＿.
[i gyeol-jeong-eun beop ＿＿＿＿]
This decision is based on law. ⚖️
Answer
에 근거합니다 — A formal/legal basis pairs naturally with this form.
F. 그 기준은 규정＿＿＿＿.
[geu gi-ju-neun gyu-jeong ＿＿＿＿]
That standard is based on regulation. 📏
Answer
에 근거합니다 — 규정에 근거합니다.
G. 이 판단은 기록＿＿＿＿.
[i pan-da-neun gi-rok ＿＿＿＿]
This judgment is based on records. 🗂️
Answer
에 근거합니다 — 판단은 기록에 근거합니다.
H. 그 정책은 설문 조사＿＿＿＿.
[geu jeong-chae-geun seol-mun jo-sa ＿＿＿＿]
That policy is based on a survey. 📝
Answer
에 근거합니다 — Survey data can be the basis for a policy.
I. 이 설명은 현장 조사＿＿＿＿.
[i seol-myeong-eun hyeon-jang jo-sa ＿＿＿＿]
This explanation is based on field investigation. 🔍
Answer
에 근거합니다 — 현장 조사에 근거합니다.
J. 그 결과는 인터뷰＿＿＿＿.
[geu gyeol-gwa-neun in-teo-byu ＿＿＿＿]
That result is based on the interview. 🎙️
Answer
에 근거합니다 — Predicate form, polished and complete.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 이 → this
  • 그 → that
  • 보고서 → report
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 분석 → analysis
  • 통계 → statistics
  • 주장 → claim
  • 증거 → evidence
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 연구 결과 → research results
  • 결정 → decision
  • 법 → law
  • 기준 → standard
  • 규정 → regulation
  • 판단 → judgment
  • 기록 → records
  • 정책 → policy
  • 설문 조사 → survey
  • 설명 → explanation
  • 현장 조사 → field investigation
  • 결과 → result
  • 인터뷰 → interview
  • 은/는 → topic marker
  • 에 → basis marker with 근거하다
Tip 💡 If the sentence ends after the blank, use 에 근거합니다.
 

Exercise 4 — Synonym Sense Check 🪞

A. 자료＿＿＿＿ 보고서를 작성했습니다.
[ja-ryo ＿＿＿＿ bo-go-seo-reul jak-seong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Using the data/materials as the basis, I wrote the report. 📄
Answer
를 근거로 — Related pattern: 자료를 근거로. It uses 를 because 자료 is treated as the grounds being used.
B. 통계＿＿＿＿ 정책을 세웠습니다.
[tong-gye ＿＿＿＿ jeong-chae-geul se-wot-seum-ni-da]
On the foundation of statistics, we established a policy. 📈
Answer
를 토대로 — 토대로 sounds formal and foundation-like.
C. 경험＿＿＿＿ 결정을 했습니다.
[gyeong-heom ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-jeong-eul haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on experience, I made a decision. 🧳
Answer
을 바탕으로 — 바탕으로 is broader and more natural with experience.
D. 규정＿＿＿＿ 계약을 검토했습니다.
[gyu-jeong ＿＿＿＿ gye-ya-geul geom-to-haet-seum-ni-da]
In accordance with the regulation, we reviewed the contract. 📜
Answer
에 의거하여 — 의거하여 is more legal/official, like “pursuant to.”
E. 기준＿＿＿＿ 결과를 분석했습니다.
[gi-jun ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-gwa-reul bun-seok-haet-seum-ni-da]
Using the standard as the criterion, we analyzed the results. 📏
Answer
을 기준으로 — 기준으로 means “using as the standard/criterion.”
F. 증거＿＿＿＿ 주장을 제시했습니다.
[jeung-geo ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eul je-si-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on evidence, we presented the claim. 🕵️
Answer
에 근거하여 — Evidence-based formal claim: 증거에 근거하여.
G. 연구＿＿＿＿ 원칙을 설명했습니다.
[yeon-gu ＿＿＿＿ won-chi-geul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
On the foundation of research, we explained the principle. 🔬
Answer
를 토대로 — 토대로 fits research as a foundation.
H. 법＿＿＿＿ 판단을 내렸습니다.
[beop ＿＿＿＿ pan-da-neul nae-ryeot-seum-ni-da]
In accordance with the law, we made a judgment. ⚖️
Answer
에 의거하여 — 법에 의거하여 has a strong legal tone.
I. 데이터＿＿＿＿ 분석을 수정했습니다.
[de-i-teo ＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geul su-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the data, we revised the analysis. 💾
Answer
를 바탕으로 — 바탕으로 is a natural broader “based on.”
J. 사실＿＿＿＿ 결론을 제시했습니다.
[sa-sil ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-lo-neul je-si-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on facts, we presented a conclusion. ✅
Answer
에 근거하여 — Facts are excellent grounds for 근거하여.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 보고서 → report
  • 작성하다 → to write/prepare
  • 통계 → statistics
  • 정책 → policy
  • 세우다 → to establish
  • 경험 → experience
  • 결정 → decision
  • 하다 → to do
  • 규정 → regulation
  • 계약 → contract
  • 검토하다 → to review
  • 기준 → standard
  • 결과 → result
  • 분석하다 → to analyze
  • 증거 → evidence
  • 주장 → claim
  • 제시하다 → to present
  • 연구 → research
  • 원칙 → principle
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 법 → law
  • 판단 → judgment
  • 내리다 → to make/issue
  • 데이터 → data
  • 수정하다 → to revise
  • 사실 → fact
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 을/를 근거로 → using as grounds
  • 을/를 토대로 → on the foundation of
  • 을/를 바탕으로 → based on
  • 에 의거하여 → in accordance with
  • 을/를 기준으로 → using as the standard
Tip 💡 Synonyms differ by nuance: evidence, foundation, law, or standard.
 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. 자료＿＿＿＿ 보고서를 작성했습니다.
[ja-ryo ＿＿＿＿ bo-go-seo-reul jak-seong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the data/materials, I wrote the report. 📄
Answer
에 근거하여 — ❌ 자료를 근거하여 → ✅ 자료에 근거하여. 근거하다 takes 에.
B. 통계＿＿＿＿ 분석은 정확합니다.
[tong-gye ＿＿＿＿ bun-seo-geun jeong-hwa-kam-ni-da]
The analysis based on statistics is accurate. 📈
Answer
에 근거한 — ❌ 통계에 근거하여 분석은 → ✅ 통계에 근거한 분석은. A noun follows.
C. 이 판단은 증거＿＿＿＿.
[i pan-da-neun jeung-geo ＿＿＿＿]
This judgment is based on evidence. 🕵️
Answer
에 근거합니다 — ❌ 증거에 근거하여. → ✅ 증거에 근거합니다. End with the predicate.
D. 규정＿＿＿＿ 계약을 검토했습니다.
[gyu-jeong ＿＿＿＿ gye-ya-geul geom-to-haet-seum-ni-da]
In accordance with the regulation, we reviewed the contract. 📜
Answer
에 의거하여 — For a stronger legal/official “in accordance with,” 의거하여 fits beautifully.
E. 경험＿＿＿＿ 결정을 했습니다.
[gyeong-heom ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-jeong-eul haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on experience, I made a decision. 🧳
Answer
을 바탕으로 — ❌ 경험에 근거하여 can sound too stiff. ✅ 경험을 바탕으로 is more natural.
F. 법＿＿＿＿ 정책을 결정했습니다.
[beop ＿＿＿＿ jeong-chae-geul gyeol-jeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on law, we decided the policy. ⚖️
Answer
에 근거하여 — Formal and evidence/grounds-focused. 법 is the basis.
G. 기준＿＿＿＿ 결과를 분석했습니다.
[gi-jun ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-gwa-reul bun-seok-haet-seum-ni-da]
Using the standard as the criterion, we analyzed the results. 📏
Answer
을 기준으로 — ❌ 기준에 근거하여 is not wrong in every context, but 기준으로 directly means “using as the standard.”
H. 기록＿＿＿＿ 결론을 제시했습니다.
[gi-rok ＿＿＿＿ gyeol-lo-neul je-si-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on the records, we presented a conclusion. 🗂️
Answer
에 근거하여 — Clear formal evidence basis: 기록에 근거하여.
I. 연구 결과＿＿＿＿ 주장은 설득력이 있습니다.
[yeon-gu gyeol-gwa ＿＿＿＿ ju-jang-eun seol-deuk-ryeo-gi it-seum-ni-da]
The claim based on research results is persuasive. 🔬
Answer
에 근거한 — 근거한 modifies 주장. Tiny hinge, big sentence polish.
J. 사실＿＿＿＿ 원칙을 설명했습니다.
[sa-sil ＿＿＿＿ won-chi-geul seol-myeong-haet-seum-ni-da]
Based on facts, we explained the principle. ✅
Answer
에 근거하여 — Final pitfall check: the basis is marked with 에, then the action follows.
📚
Vocabulary Box
  • 자료 → data/materials
  • 보고서 → report
  • 작성하다 → to write/prepare
  • 통계 → statistics
  • 분석 → analysis
  • 정확하다 → to be accurate
  • 판단 → judgment
  • 증거 → evidence
  • 규정 → regulation
  • 계약 → contract
  • 검토하다 → to review
  • 경험 → experience
  • 결정 → decision
  • 하다 → to do
  • 법 → law
  • 정책 → policy
  • 결정하다 → to decide
  • 기준 → standard
  • 결과 → result
  • 분석하다 → to analyze
  • 기록 → records
  • 결론 → conclusion
  • 제시하다 → to present
  • 연구 결과 → research results
  • 주장 → claim
  • 설득력 → persuasiveness
  • 사실 → fact
  • 원칙 → principle
  • 설명하다 → to explain
  • 에 근거하여 → based on
  • 에 근거한 → based-on, before a noun
  • 에 근거합니다 → is/are based on
  • 에 의거하여 → in accordance with
  • 을/를 바탕으로 → based on
  • 을/를 기준으로 → using as the standard
Tip 💡 Pitfall patrol: check the particle, the next word, and the level of formality.
 
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