Advanced Check-in: Passives & Quotations

🔊

🎧 Iru Helper Note — Use

Korean Helper Widgets to hear full sentences from this check-in. Try 회의가 취소됐다면서요? (I heard the meeting was canceled, right?), 문제가 해결됐다니 다행이에요 (It’s a relief to hear the problem was resolved), and 문이 닫혀 있어요 (The door is closed).

🌈 The Big Picture

• 직원이 문을 닫았어요. — The staff member closed the door. 🚪

• 문이 닫혔어요. — The door got closed. 🚪

• 문이 닫혀 있어요. — The door is closed. 🚪

• 회의가 취소됐다고 해요. — They say the meeting was canceled. 📅

• 회의가 취소됐다면서요? — I heard the meeting was canceled, right? 👂

• 회의가 취소됐다니 놀라워요. — It’s surprising to hear the meeting was canceled. 😳

• 자료가 공개됐다고 해요. — They say the material was made public. 📄

• 자료가 공개됐다면서요? — I heard the material was made public, right? 📄

• 자료가 공개됐다니 바로 확인해야겠어요. — Since I hear the material was made public, I should check it right away. 🔍

🎨 The Core Passives & Quotations Family

1. Passive event: affected thing + passive verb 🧲

• 문이 닫혔어요. — The door got closed. 문 = door; 닫히다 = to be closed. 🚪

• 표가 매진됐어요. — The tickets sold out. 표 = ticket; 매진되다 = to be sold out. 🎟️

• 문제가 해결됐어요. — The problem was resolved. 문제 = problem; 해결되다 = to be resolved. 🧩

• 문서가 수정됐어요. — The document was revised. 문서 = document; 수정되다 = to be revised. 📝

• 닫다 → 닫히다 — to close → to be closed

• 열다 → 열리다 — to open → to be opened / to open

• 팔다 → 팔리다 — to sell → to be sold

• 풀다 → 풀리다 — to solve/untie → to be solved/untied

• 끊다 → 끊기다 — to cut off → to be disconnected

• 취소되다 — to be canceled

• 연기되다 — to be postponed

• 공개되다 — to be made public

2. Result state: -아/어 있다 🚪

• 문이 닫혔어요. — The door got closed. (event)

• 문이 닫혀 있어요. — The door is closed. (state)

• 창문이 열려 있어요. — The window is open. 창문 = window; 열리다 = to be opened / to open. 🪟

• 자료가 책상 위에 놓여 있어요. — The materials are placed on the desk. 책상 위 = on the desk; 놓이다 = to be placed. 📚

3. Heard confirmation: -다면서요? 👂

• 회의가 취소됐다면서요? — I heard the meeting was canceled, right? 📅

• 자료가 공개됐다면서요? — I heard the material was made public, right? 📄

• 민수가 보고서를 읽는다면서요? — I heard Minsu reads the report, right? 📑

• 그 사람이 직원이라면서요? — I heard that person is an employee, right? 🪪

• Action with no batchim: 가다 → 간다면서요? — I heard they go, right?

• Action with batchim: 읽다 → 읽는다면서요? — I heard they read, right?

• Descriptive verb: 복잡하다 → 복잡하다면서요? — I heard it is complicated, right?

• Noun without batchim: 담당자 → 담당자라면서요? — I heard they are the person in charge, right?

• Noun with batchim: 직원 → 직원이라면서요? — I heard they are an employee, right?

4. Quoted reaction: -다니 / -다니요? 🎭

• 문제가 해결됐다니 다행이에요. — It’s a relief to hear the problem was resolved. 🧩

• 표가 벌써 매진됐다니 믿기지 않아요. — I can’t believe the tickets already sold out. 🎟️

• 일정이 또 바뀌었다니 다시 확인해야겠어요. — Since I hear the schedule changed again, I should check again. 🗓️

• 회의가 취소됐다니요? — You mean the meeting was canceled? 😳

5. Neutral report and source frame: -다고 해요, -대요, -에 의하면 📰

• 회의가 취소됐다고 해요. — They say the meeting was canceled.

• 오늘 가게가 쉰대요. — They say the store is closed today. 가게 = store; 쉬다 = to rest / be closed. 🏪

• 공지에 의하면 일정이 바뀌었다고 해요. — According to the notice, they say the schedule changed. 공지 = notice; 일정 = schedule. 📌

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

• 문서가 다시 수정됐어요. — The document was revised again.
문서 = document, 다시 = again, 수정되다 = to be revised. 📝

• 그 문서가 다시 수정됐다면서요? — I heard that document was revised again, right?
Use this when the revision is something you heard and want to confirm. 🧾

• 그 문서가 다시 수정됐다니 확인이 필요하겠어요. — Since I hear that document was revised again, a check will be needed.
확인 = check/confirmation, 필요하다 = to be necessary. 🔍

• 지수가 문서를 수정했다고 해요. — They say Jisu revised the document.

• 문서가 수정됐다고 해요. — They say the document was revised.
The first sentence names the doer. The second sentence focuses on the affected document.

🧩 General Formation Rule

Passive and state

• Affected thing + 이/가 or 은/는 + passive/passive-style verb.

• Current state after an event: passive/intransitive verb + -아/어 있다.

• Use active grammar when the doer is the main point: 직원이 문을 닫았어요 (The staff member closed the door).

Quotation and reporting

• Confirmation: quoted statement + 면서요?.

• Reaction: quoted statement + 니 or 니요?.

• Neutral report: quoted statement + 다고 해요 or compact -대요.

• Source frame: source noun + 에 의하면 + reported content.

📚 Cross-check note

🪞 Synonym Alert

• -다면서요? — confirmation of heard information: “I heard…, right?”

• -대요 — compact hearsay statement: “They say…”

• -다고 해요 — neutral indirect quotation: “They say that…”

• -다니 — quoted information plus reaction: surprise, relief, disbelief, concern, or next action

• -다니요? — stronger surprised reaction: “You mean…?”

• -에 의하면 — source marker: “according to…”

• -아/어 있다 — result state after an event

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

• ❌ 회의를 취소됐다면서요? → ✅ 회의가 취소됐다면서요? because passive-style events use the affected subject.

• ❌ 자료가 공개했다니 놀라워요. → ✅ 자료가 공개됐다니 놀라워요. because the material was made public; it did not publish something by itself.

• ❌ 문이 닫혔어 있어요. → ✅ 문이 닫혀 있어요. because result state uses the connective form.

• ❌ 먹다면서요? → ✅ 먹는다면서요? because present action verbs with batchim use -는다.

• ❌ 담당자이라면서요? → ✅ 담당자라면서요? because 담당자 has no batchim.

📦

🎯 Practice Hub — Advanced Check-in: Passives & Quotations

 

Welcome to the “what happened, who heard it, and why are we reacting?” gym. 🧭 You’ll practice combining passive-style events with quotation grammar in updates, notices, reports, confirmations, and surprised reactions. Tiny endings, big information-management energy. 🗂️

 

🔊 Audio reminder: Use

Korean Helper Widgets whenever you want to hear a full sentence aloud.

 

📝 Instructions: Complete each Korean prompt or choose the best sentence. Say the finished sentence aloud, then open the Answer toggle to check both the grammar and the information role.

 

Exercise 1 — Passive Event Check 🧲

A. 문이 갑자기 ＿＿＿＿.

The door suddenly closed / was closed. 🚪

Answer

닫혔어요 — 문 is the affected subject.

B. 표가 모두 ＿＿＿＿.

All the tickets were sold. 🎟️

Answer

팔렸어요 — 팔다 → 팔리다.

C. 문제가 드디어 ＿＿＿＿.

The problem was finally resolved. 🧩

Answer

해결됐어요 — 해결되다 = to be resolved.

D. 자료가 오늘 ＿＿＿＿.

The material was made public today. 📄

Answer

공개됐어요 — 공개되다 = to be made public.

E. 일정이 갑자기 ＿＿＿＿.

The schedule suddenly changed. 🗓️

Answer

바뀌었어요 — 바뀌다 = to change / be changed.

F. 회의가 다음 주로 ＿＿＿＿.

The meeting was postponed to next week. 📆

Answer

연기됐어요 — 연기되다 = to be postponed.

G. 보고서가 다시 ＿＿＿＿.

The report was revised again. 📑

Answer

수정됐어요 — 수정되다 = to be revised.

H. 전화가 중간에 ＿＿＿＿.

The call got disconnected midway. 📵

Answer

끊겼어요 — 끊기다 = to be disconnected.

I. 가게가 아침에 ＿＿＿＿.

The store opened in the morning. 🏪

Answer

열렸어요 — 열리다 = to open / be opened.

J. 문이 이미 닫혀 ＿＿＿＿.

The door is already closed. 🚪

Answer

있어요 — result state: 닫혀 있어요.

🧲

Vocabulary Box

• 문 → door

• 닫히다 → to be closed

• 표 → ticket

• 팔다 → to sell

• 팔리다 → to be sold

• 문제 → problem

• 해결되다 → to be resolved

• 자료 → material/data

• 공개되다 → to be made public

• 일정 → schedule

• 바뀌다 → to change

• 회의 → meeting

• 연기되다 → to be postponed

• 보고서 → report

• 수정되다 → to be revised

• 전화 → phone call

• 끊기다 → to be disconnected

• 가게 → store

• 열리다 → to open / be opened

Tip 💡 Passive-style updates usually put the affected thing first.

 

Exercise 2 — Heard Confirmation: -다면서요? 👂

A. 회의가 오늘 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard the meeting was canceled today, right? 📅

Answer

취소됐다면서요 — past passive-style confirmation.

B. 자료가 벌써 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard the material was already made public, right? 📄

Answer

공개됐다면서요.

C. 일정이 다시 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard the schedule changed again, right? 🔄

Answer

바뀌었다면서요.

D. 민수가 보고서를 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard Minsu reads the report, right? 📑

Answer

읽는다면서요 — action verb with batchim: 읽다 → 읽는다면서요?.

E. 지수가 발표 자료를 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard Jisu makes presentation materials, right? 🧾

Answer

만든다면서요 — 만들다 drops ㄹ before ㄴ.

F. 그분이 새 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard that person is the new person in charge, right? 👤

Answer

담당자라면서요 — noun without batchim uses 라면서요?.

G. 그 사람이 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard that person is an employee, right? 🪪

Answer

직원이라면서요 — noun with batchim uses 이라면서요?.

H. 표가 벌써 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard the tickets already sold out, right? 🎟️

Answer

매진됐다면서요.

I. 가게가 오늘 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard the store is closed today, right? 🏪

Answer

쉰다면서요 — 쉬다 can mean to rest or be closed.

J. 문서가 다시 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard the document was revised again, right? 📝

Answer

수정됐다면서요.

👂

Vocabulary Box

• 회의 → meeting

• 취소되다 → to be canceled

• 자료 → material/data

• 공개되다 → to be made public

• 일정 → schedule

• 바뀌다 → to change

• 민수 → Minsu

• 보고서 → report

• 읽다 → to read

• 지수 → Jisu

• 발표 자료 → presentation materials

• 만들다 → to make

• 그분 → that person respectfully

• 담당자 → person in charge

• 직원 → employee

• 표 → ticket

• 매진되다 → to be sold out

• 가게 → store

• 쉬다 → to rest / be closed

• 문서 → document

• 수정되다 → to be revised

Tip 💡 Use -다면서요? when you heard it and want confirmation.

 

Exercise 3 — Reaction with -다니 🎭

A. 문제가 ＿＿＿＿ 다행이에요.

It’s a relief to hear the problem was resolved. 🧩

Answer

해결됐다니 — heard information + relief.

B. 표가 벌써 ＿＿＿＿ 믿기지 않아요.

I can’t believe the tickets already sold out. 🎟️

Answer

매진됐다니.

C. 일정이 또 ＿＿＿＿ 다시 확인해야겠어요.

Since I hear the schedule changed again, I should check again. 🗓️

Answer

바뀌었다니.

D. 회의가 다음 주로 ＿＿＿＿ 준비 시간이 생겼네요.

Since the meeting was postponed to next week, we have prep time now. 📆

Answer

연기됐다니.

E. 자료가 오늘 ＿＿＿＿ 바로 읽어야겠어요.

Since the material was made public today, I should read it right away. 📄

Answer

공개됐다니.

F. 문서가 다시 ＿＿＿＿ 확인이 필요해요.

Since the document was revised again, a check is needed. 📝

Answer

수정됐다니.

G. 전화가 중간에 ＿＿＿＿ 불편했겠어요.

The call got disconnected midway, so that must have been inconvenient. 📵

Answer

끊겼다니.

H. 가게가 오늘 ＿＿＿＿ 다른 곳을 찾아야겠어요.

Since the store is closed today, I should find another place. 🏪

Answer

쉰다니.

I. 그 사람이 담당자＿＿＿＿ 의외예요.

It’s unexpected that that person is the person in charge. 👤

Answer

라니 — 담당자라니, noun without batchim.

J. 그 사람이 직원＿＿＿＿ 몰랐어요.

I didn’t know that person was an employee. 🪪

Answer

이라니 — 직원이라니, noun with batchim.

🎭

Vocabulary Box

• 문제 → problem

• 해결되다 → to be resolved

• 다행이다 → to be a relief

• 표 → ticket

• 매진되다 → to be sold out

• 믿기지 않다 → to be unbelievable

• 일정 → schedule

• 바뀌다 → to change

• 확인하다 → to check

• 회의 → meeting

• 연기되다 → to be postponed

• 준비 시간 → preparation time

• 자료 → material/data

• 공개되다 → to be made public

• 문서 → document

• 수정되다 → to be revised

• 전화 → phone call

• 끊기다 → to be disconnected

• 불편하다 → to be inconvenient

• 가게 → store

• 쉬다 → to rest / be closed

• 담당자 → person in charge

• 직원 → employee

Tip 💡 -다니 connects heard information to a feeling or next action.

 

Exercise 4 — Neutral Report vs Confirmation vs Reaction 📰

A. Neutral report: “They say the meeting was canceled.”

① 회의가 취소됐다고 해요. / ② 회의가 취소됐다면서요?

Answer

① — -다고 해요 reports neutrally; -다면서요? asks for confirmation.

B. Confirmation: “I heard the meeting was canceled, right?”

① 회의가 취소됐다면서요? / ② 회의가 취소됐다니 다행이에요.

Answer

① — confirmation question.

C. Reaction: “It’s a relief that the meeting was canceled.”

① 회의가 취소됐다니 다행이에요. / ② 회의가 취소됐다고 해요.

Answer

① — -다니 links heard information to relief.

D. Source report: “According to the notice, the schedule changed.”

① 공지에 의하면 일정이 바뀌었다고 해요. / ② 공지라면서요?

Answer

① — -에 의하면 marks the source.

E. Passive report: “They say the document was revised.”

① 문서가 수정됐다고 해요. / ② 문서를 수정됐다고 해요.

Answer

① — affected document uses 문서가.

F. Active report: “They say Minsu revised the document.”

① 민수가 문서를 수정했다고 해요. / ② 민수가 문서가 수정됐다고 해요.

Answer

① — Minsu is the doer; the document is the object.

G. Compact hearsay: “They say the store is closed today.”

① 오늘 가게가 쉰대요. / ② 오늘 가게가 쉰다니요?

Answer

① — -대요 is compact hearsay.

H. Surprised reaction: “You mean the store is closed today?”

① 오늘 가게가 쉰다니요? / ② 오늘 가게가 쉰대요.

Answer

① — -다니요? reacts with surprise.

I. Confirmation of role: “I heard that person is the new employee, right?”

① 그 사람이 새 직원이라면서요? / ② 그 사람이 새 직원다고 해요.

Answer

① — noun with batchim: 직원이라면서요?.

J. Report of role: “They say that person is the new employee.”

① 그 사람이 새 직원이라고 해요. / ② 그 사람이 새 직원이라니 다행이에요.

Answer

① — neutral noun quotation: 직원이라고 해요.

📰

Vocabulary Box

• 회의 → meeting

• 취소되다 → to be canceled

• 다행이다 → to be a relief

• 공지 → notice

• 일정 → schedule

• 문서 → document

• 수정하다 → to revise

• 수정되다 → to be revised

• 민수 → Minsu

• 가게 → store

• 쉬다 → to rest / be closed

• 직원 → employee

Tip 💡 Ask: report, confirm, or react? The ending changes with the job.

 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. Fix: ❌ 회의를 취소됐다면서요?

Answer

✅ 회의가 취소됐다면서요? — passive-style event uses affected subject + 이/가.

B. Fix: ❌ 자료가 공개했다니 놀라워요.

Answer

✅ 자료가 공개됐다니 놀라워요. — material is made public; use 공개되다.

C. Fix: ❌ 문이 닫혔어 있어요.

Answer

✅ 문이 닫혀 있어요. — result state uses connective 닫혀.

D. Fix: ❌ 먹다면서요?

Answer

✅ 먹는다면서요? — action verb with batchim uses -는다.

E. Fix: ❌ 담당자이라면서요?

Answer

✅ 담당자라면서요? — 담당자 has no batchim.

F. Choose the passive update: “The document was revised.”

① 문서가 수정됐어요. / ② 문서를 수정됐어요.

Answer

① — affected subject: 문서가.

G. Choose the active update: “Jisu revised the document.”

① 지수가 문서를 수정했어요. / ② 지수가 문서가 수정됐어요.

Answer

① — doer + object + active verb.

H. Choose the surprised reaction: “The tickets sold out already? I can’t believe it.”

① 표가 벌써 매진됐다니 믿기지 않아요. / ② 표가 벌써 매진됐다고 해요.

Answer

① — -다니 carries the reaction.

I. Choose the neutral source report: “According to the notice, the meeting was postponed.”

① 공지에 의하면 회의가 연기됐다고 해요. / ② 회의가 연기됐다니 공지예요.

Answer

① — source + neutral quotation.

J. What is the core difference between -다면서요? and -다니?

Answer

-다면서요? asks for confirmation of heard information. -다니 turns heard information into a reaction, feeling, or next step.

🛡️

Vocabulary Box

• 회의 → meeting

• 자료 → material/data

• 공개하다 → to make public

• 공개되다 → to be made public

• 문 → door

• 닫히다 → to be closed

• 먹다 → to eat

• 담당자 → person in charge

• 문서 → document

• 수정하다 → to revise

• 수정되다 → to be revised

• 지수 → Jisu

• 표 → ticket

• 매진되다 → to be sold out

• 믿기지 않다 → to be unbelievable

• 공지 → notice

• 연기되다 → to be postponed

Tip 💡 Final audit: subject/object first, then choose report/confirmation/reaction.

 

Reference hub 🧭

• 회의가 취소됐다고 해요. → They say the meeting was canceled.

• 회의가 취소됐다면서요? → I heard the meeting was canceled, right?

• 회의가 취소됐다니 다행이에요. → It’s a relief that the meeting was canceled.

• 문서가 수정됐어요. → The document was revised.

• 민수가 문서를 수정했어요. → Minsu revised the document.

• 공지에 의하면 일정이 바뀌었다고 해요. → According to the notice, they say the schedule changed.

 

🎉 Check-in complete. If you can separate affected subject, information source, and speaker reaction, you’re ready for the next advanced grammar stretch. Tiny endings, mighty detective work. 🕵️✨

🔊

🎧 Iru Helper Note — Use

Korean Helper Widgets to hear longer sentences like 공지에 따르면 일정이 변경됐다고 합니다 (“According to the notice, they say the schedule was changed”) and 자료가 공개됐다면서요? (“I heard the materials were released, right?”). Listen for where the passive verb ends and the reporting grammar begins. 👂

🌈 The Big Picture

• 회의가 취소됐다고 들었어요. — I heard that the meeting was canceled. 📅
• 회의 = meeting, 취소되다 = to be canceled, -다고 듣다 = to hear that.

• 기사에 따르면 문제가 해결됐다고 합니다. — According to the article, they say the problem was resolved. 📰
• 기사 = article, 문제 = problem, 해결되다 = to be resolved, -다고 하다 = to say that.

• 🧲 Passive question: What was changed, closed, canceled, discovered, confirmed, or reported?

• 🗣️ Quotation question: Is someone saying it, hearing it, confirming it, or citing a source?

🎨 The Core Passives & Quotations Family

1. Passive event: affected subject + passive verb

• 문이 닫혔어요. — The door was closed / got closed. 🚪

• 자료가 공개됐어요. — The materials were released / made public. 📄

• 문제가 해결됐어요. — The problem was resolved. 🧩

• 계획이 변경됐어요. — The plan was changed. 🗓️

• 닫히다 → to be closed

• 열리다 → to be opened / to open

• 팔리다 → to be sold

• 보이다 → to be seen / visible

• 들리다 → to be heard

• 취소되다 → to be canceled

• 변경되다 → to be changed

• 공개되다 → to be released / made public

• 발견되다 → to be discovered

• 해결되다 → to be resolved

• 보고되다 → to be reported

• 확인되다 → to be confirmed

• 수정되다 → to be fixed / revised

2. Resulting state: passive/connective form + 있다

• 문이 닫혀 있어요. — The door is closed. 🚪

• 창문이 열려 있어요. — The window is open. 🪟

• 자료가 공개되어 있어요. — The materials are publicly available / released. 📄

3. Quotation/reporting: clause + -다고 하다

• 담당자가 일정이 변경됐다고 했어요. — The person in charge said the schedule was changed. 👤

• 뉴스에서 피해가 확인됐다고 했어요. — The news said the damage was confirmed. 📰

• 말하다 → to say

• 듣다 → to hear

• 보다 → to see/read

• 알리다 → to inform / announce

• 발표하다 → to announce / present

• 보도하다 → to report in the media

• 확인하다 → to confirm

• 주장하다 → to claim / argue

4. Hearsay and confirmation

• 회의가 취소됐대요. — They say the meeting was canceled. 📅

• 회의가 취소됐다면서요? — I heard the meeting was canceled, right? 👂

• 자료가 공개됐다던데요. — I heard / it seemed that the materials were released. 📄

5. Source-based reporting

• 공지에 따르면 회의가 취소됐다고 합니다. — According to the notice, they say the meeting was canceled. 📌

• 보고서에 의하면 문제가 해결된 것으로 보입니다. — According to the report, it appears that the problem was resolved. 📊

• 공지 → notice

• 기사 → article

• 뉴스 → news

• 보고서 → report

• 자료 → materials

• 발표 → announcement / presentation

• 담당자 → person in charge

🛠️ How They Work in a Sentence

• 뉴스에서 새로운 증거가 발견됐다고 했어요. — The news said that new evidence was discovered.
• 증거 = evidence, 발견되다 = to be discovered, 뉴스에서 = in/on the news.

• 자료가 오늘 공개됐다면서요? — I heard the materials were released today, right?
• 자료 = materials, 오늘 = today, 공개되다 = to be released / made public.

• 보고서에 따르면 오류가 이미 수정됐다고 합니다. — According to the report, they say the error has already been fixed.
• 보고서 = report, 오류 = error, 이미 = already, 수정되다 = to be fixed/revised.

🧩 General Formation Rule

1. Make the passive clause:
• 회의가 취소됐어요. — The meeting was canceled.

2. Turn it into a quoted/reported clause:
• 회의가 취소됐다고 했어요. — They said the meeting was canceled.

3. Add a source if needed:
• 공지에 따르면 회의가 취소됐다고 했어요. — According to the notice, they said the meeting was canceled.

4. Change the reporting mood:
• 회의가 취소됐대요. — They say the meeting was canceled.
• 회의가 취소됐다면서요? — I heard the meeting was canceled, right?
• 회의가 취소된 것으로 보입니다. — It appears that the meeting was canceled.

📚 Cross-check note

🪞 Synonym Alert

• -다고 하다 → neutral “say that…” / reported speech.

• -대요 → conversational hearsay: “They say…”

• -다면서요? → confirmation question: “I heard…, right?”

• -에 따르면 / -에 의하면 → “according to…”; useful in formal or academic writing.

• -된 것으로 보이다 → “appears to have been…”; careful and report-like.

⚠️ Pitfalls to Dodge

• ❌ 회의를 취소됐다고 했어요 → ✅ 회의가 취소됐다고 했어요 because the canceled thing is the passive subject.

• ❌ 문을 닫혀 있어요 → ✅ 문이 닫혀 있어요 because resulting states still describe the subject.

• ❌ 공지라면서 회의가 취소됐어요 → ✅ 공지에 따르면 회의가 취소됐어요 because “according to a notice” needs a source marker, not a confirmation ending.

• ❌ 자료가 공개됐대요? for a polite confirmation → ✅ 자료가 공개됐다면서요? if you mean “I heard…, right?”

• ❌ Treating every passive as vague → ✅ Add a source, agent, or reporting verb when the sentence needs accountability: 담당자가 확인했다고 합니다 (“they say the person in charge confirmed it”).

📦

🎯 Practice Hub — Advanced Check-in: Passives & Quotations

 

Welcome to the passive-and-quotation control room. 🧭 This Practice Hub helps you decide whether a sentence is showing an affected subject, reporting a statement, confirming heard information, or citing a source. Keep your grammar goggles on: the passive verb may be tucked inside a quoted clause like a tiny raccoon in a filing cabinet. 🦝

 

🔊 Audio reminder: Use

Korean Helper Widgets when you want to hear the rhythm of longer source-reporting sentences.

 

📝 Instructions: Fill in each blank with the best form. For every item, identify the affected subject first, then decide whether the sentence is a plain passive, a resulting state, a report, a confirmation, or a source-based statement.

 

Exercise 1 — Passive Event Control 🧲

A. 회의가 갑자기 ＿＿＿＿.

The meeting was suddenly canceled. 📅

Answer

취소됐어요 — 회의 is affected; 취소되다 gives the passive event.

B. 일정이 다시 ＿＿＿＿.

The schedule was changed again. 🗓️

Answer

변경됐어요 — 일정 + passive 변경되다.

C. 자료가 오후에 ＿＿＿＿.

The materials were released in the afternoon. 📄

Answer

공개됐어요 — 공개되다 = to be made public / released.

D. 새로운 증거가 현장에서 ＿＿＿＿.

New evidence was discovered at the scene. 🔎

Answer

발견됐어요 — 증거 is discovered, not doing the discovering.

E. 문제가 회의 전에 ＿＿＿＿.

The problem was resolved before the meeting. 🧩

Answer

해결됐어요 — passive/result verb 해결되다.

F. 오류가 이미 ＿＿＿＿.

The error was already fixed. 📝

Answer

수정됐어요 — 이미 = already; 수정되다 = to be fixed/revised.

G. 피해가 공식적으로 ＿＿＿＿.

The damage was officially confirmed. 🧾

Answer

확인됐어요 — 확인되다 = to be confirmed.

H. 그 사건이 뉴스에 ＿＿＿＿.

That incident was reported in the news. 📰

Answer

보고됐어요 — 보고되다 = to be reported.

I. 표가 모두 ＿＿＿＿.

All the tickets were sold. 🎟️

Answer

팔렸어요 — 팔다 → 팔리다.

J. 멀리 바다가 ＿＿＿＿.

The sea is visible far away. 🌊

Answer

보여요 — 보이다 = to be seen / visible.

🧲

Vocabulary Box

• 회의 → meeting

• 갑자기 → suddenly

• 취소되다 → to be canceled

• 일정 → schedule

• 다시 → again

• 변경되다 → to be changed

• 자료 → materials

• 오후 → afternoon

• 공개되다 → to be released / made public

• 새로운 → new

• 증거 → evidence

• 현장 → scene / site

• 발견되다 → to be discovered

• 문제 → problem

• 해결되다 → to be resolved

• 오류 → error

• 수정되다 → to be fixed/revised

• 피해 → damage

• 확인되다 → to be confirmed

• 사건 → incident

• 보고되다 → to be reported

• 표 → ticket

• 팔리다 → to be sold

• 바다 → sea

• 보이다 → to be seen / visible

Tip 💡 Passive event sentences usually put the affected thing before 이/가.

 

Exercise 2 — Quoted Passive Reports 🗣️

A. 담당자가 회의가 취소됐＿＿＿＿ 했어요.

The person in charge said the meeting was canceled. 👤

Answer

다고 — 취소됐다고 했어요 reports the passive clause.

B. 뉴스에서 피해가 확인됐＿＿＿＿ 했어요.

The news said the damage was confirmed. 📰

Answer

다고 — quote the whole passive statement with -다고.

C. 기사가 증거가 발견됐＿＿＿＿ 보도했어요.

The article reported that evidence was discovered. 🗞️

Answer

다고 — 보도하다 can take a quoted statement.

D. 담당자가 오류가 수정됐＿＿＿＿ 알렸어요.

The person in charge announced that the error was fixed. 📝

Answer

다고 — 알리다 = to inform/announce.

E. 발표에서 자료가 공개됐＿＿＿＿ 말했어요.

They said in the presentation that the materials were released. 📊

Answer

다고 — passive clause + 말하다.

F. 보고서가 문제가 해결됐＿＿＿＿ 주장했어요.

The report claimed that the problem was resolved. 📄

Answer

다고 — 주장하다 = to claim/argue.

G. 뉴스에서 사건이 보고됐＿＿＿＿ 들었어요.

I heard on the news that the incident was reported. 📺

Answer

다고 — -다고 듣다 = to hear that.

H. 공지에서 일정이 변경됐＿＿＿＿ 봤어요.

I saw in the notice that the schedule was changed. 📌

Answer

다고 — -다고 보다 here means “saw/read that…”

I. 담당자가 표가 모두 팔렸＿＿＿＿ 확인했어요.

The person in charge confirmed that all tickets were sold. 🎟️

Answer

다고 — 확인하다 can confirm a quoted fact.

J. 기사에서 창문이 열려 있＿＿＿＿ 했어요.

The article said the window was open. 🪟

Answer

다고 — 열려 있다고 했어요 quotes a resulting state.

🗣️

Vocabulary Box

• 담당자 → person in charge

• 말하다 → to say

• 뉴스 → news

• 기사 → article

• 보도하다 → to report in the media

• 알리다 → to announce / inform

• 발표 → announcement / presentation

• 보고서 → report

• 주장하다 → to claim / argue

• 듣다 → to hear

• 보다 → to see/read

• 확인하다 → to confirm

• 열려 있다 → to be open

• -다고 → quote marker for statements

Tip 💡 First finish the passive statement, then attach -다고 before the reporting verb.

 

Exercise 3 — Source-Based Reporting 📚

A. 공지에 따르면 회의가 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the notice, they say the meeting was canceled. 📌

Answer

취소됐다고 — source + passive quote + 합니다.

B. 기사에 의하면 증거가 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the article, they say evidence was discovered. 🗞️

Answer

발견됐다고 — formal source report.

C. 보고서에 따르면 문제가 해결된 것으로 ＿＿＿＿.

According to the report, it appears that the problem was resolved. 📊

Answer

보입니다 — -된 것으로 보입니다 sounds careful and report-like.

D. 뉴스에 의하면 피해가 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the news, they say the damage was confirmed. 📰

Answer

확인됐다고 — quote the passive statement.

E. 자료에 따르면 일정이 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the materials, they say the schedule was changed. 📄

Answer

변경됐다고 — 일정이 변경됐다고 합니다.

F. 발표에 의하면 오류가 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the announcement, they say the error was fixed. 📝

Answer

수정됐다고 — source-based quotation.

G. 보고서에 따르면 사건이 공식적으로 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the report, they say the incident was officially reported. 🧾

Answer

보고됐다고 — 보고되다 = to be reported.

H. 기사에 의하면 자료가 이미 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the article, they say the materials were already released. 📰

Answer

공개됐다고 — 이미 = already.

I. 공지에 따르면 표가 모두 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the notice, they say all tickets were sold. 🎟️

Answer

팔렸다고 — passive 팔리다 inside quotation.

J. 뉴스에 의하면 바다가 멀리서 ＿＿＿＿ 합니다.

According to the news, they say the sea is visible from far away. 🌊

Answer

보인다고 — present quoted statement from 보이다.

📚

Vocabulary Box

• 공지 → notice

• 기사 → article

• 보고서 → report

• 뉴스 → news

• 자료 → materials

• 발표 → announcement / presentation

• 에 따르면 → according to

• 에 의하면 → according to

• 공식적으로 → officially

• 이미 → already

• 멀리서 → from far away

• -다고 합니다 → it is said that

• -된 것으로 보입니다 → appears to have been

Tip 💡 Source-based reporting sounds stronger and more formal than casual -대요.

 

Exercise 4 — Confirmation vs Hearsay vs State 👂

A. 회의가 취소됐＿＿＿＿?

I heard the meeting was canceled, right? 📅

Answer

다면서요 — confirmation question: 취소됐다면서요?.

B. 회의가 취소됐＿＿＿＿.

They say the meeting was canceled. 📅

Answer

대요 — conversational hearsay: 취소됐대요.

C. 문이 닫혀 ＿＿＿＿.

The door is closed. 🚪

Answer

있어요 — resulting state: 닫혀 있어요.

D. 자료가 공개됐＿＿＿＿?

I heard the materials were released, right? 📄

Answer

다면서요 — use this to confirm heard information.

E. 자료가 공개됐＿＿＿＿.

They say the materials were released. 📄

Answer

대요 — hearsay statement, not a confirmation question.

F. 창문이 열려 ＿＿＿＿.

The window is open. 🪟

Answer

있어요 — resulting state after opening.

G. 오류가 수정됐＿＿＿＿?

I heard the error was fixed, right? 📝

Answer

다면서요 — confirmation form.

H. 오류가 수정됐＿＿＿＿.

They say the error was fixed. 📝

Answer

대요 — casual hearsay statement.

I. 피해가 확인됐＿＿＿＿?

I heard the damage was confirmed, right? 🧾

Answer

다면서요 — 확인됐다면서요?.

J. 피해가 확인됐＿＿＿＿.

They say the damage was confirmed. 🧾

Answer

대요 — 확인됐대요.

👂

Vocabulary Box

• 취소됐다면서요? → I heard it was canceled, right?

• 취소됐대요 → they say it was canceled

• 닫혀 있어요 → is closed

• 공개됐다면서요? → I heard it was released, right?

• 공개됐대요 → they say it was released

• 열려 있어요 → is open

• 수정됐다면서요? → I heard it was fixed, right?

• 수정됐대요 → they say it was fixed

• 확인됐다면서요? → I heard it was confirmed, right?

• 확인됐대요 → they say it was confirmed

Tip 💡 -다면서요? asks for confirmation; -대요 passes along hearsay; -아/어 있어요 describes a state.

 

Exercise 5 — Mixed Mastery + Pitfall Patrol 🛡️

A. ❌ 회의를 취소됐다고 했어요. → ✅ ＿＿＿＿ 취소됐다고 했어요.

They said the meeting was canceled. 📅

Answer

회의가 — passive affected subject uses 이/가.

B. ❌ 문을 닫혀 있어요. → ✅ ＿＿＿＿ 닫혀 있어요.

The door is closed. 🚪

Answer

문이 — resulting state describes the subject.

C. ❌ 공지라면서 회의가 취소됐어요. → ✅ ＿＿＿＿ 회의가 취소됐어요.

According to the notice, the meeting was canceled. 📌

Answer

공지에 따르면 — use a source marker for “according to.”

D. ❌ 자료가 공개됐대요? → ✅ 자료가 ＿＿＿＿?

I heard the materials were released, right? 📄

Answer

공개됐다면서요 — for confirmation, use -다면서요?.

E. 보고서에 따르면 오류가 수정된 것으로 ＿＿＿＿.

According to the report, it appears the error was fixed. 📝

Answer

보입니다 — careful formal phrasing.

F. 뉴스에서 피해가 확인됐＿＿＿＿ 했어요.

The news said the damage was confirmed. 📰

Answer

다고 — quote the passive statement before 했어요.

G. 창문이 아직 열려 ＿＿＿＿.

The window is still open. 🪟

Answer

있어요 — resulting state, not a new event.

H. 기사가 새로운 증거가 발견됐＿＿＿＿ 보도했어요.

The article reported that new evidence was discovered. 🗞️

Answer

다고 — reported quotation.

I. 일정이 변경됐＿＿＿＿.

They say the schedule was changed. 🗓️

Answer

대요 — hearsay statement: 변경됐대요.

J. 담당자가 표가 모두 팔렸다고 ＿＿＿＿.

The person in charge confirmed that all tickets were sold. 🎟️

Answer

확인했어요 — 확인하다 fits because the sentence reports verified information.

🛡️

Vocabulary Box

• 회의가 → meeting as passive subject

• 문이 → door as passive/state subject

• 공지에 따르면 → according to the notice

• 공개됐다면서요? → I heard it was released, right?

• 보고서에 따르면 → according to the report

• 보입니다 → it appears

• 뉴스에서 → in/on the news

• 피해 → damage

• 창문 → window

• 아직 → still / yet

• 기사 → article

• 새로운 증거 → new evidence

• 일정 → schedule

• 담당자 → person in charge

• 표 → ticket

• 확인하다 → to confirm

Tip 💡 Advanced accuracy comes from role tracking: affected subject, quoted statement, source, and reporting verb.

 

🎉 You made it through the passive-and-quotation newsroom. You can now separate “what happened,” “who reported it,” and “how certain the source sounds” — grammar detective work with better stationery. 🕵️📎✨