Adding Information: 'Furthermore' (게다가)

➕

Adding Information: 'Furthermore'

In Korean, knowing how to stack ideas — adding one point onto another — is what separates hesitant speakers from fluid conversationalists.

🔊

Iru Helper Note

When you speak in Korean, you often need to add a second or third point to what you've already said. Today you'll learn five natural discourse connectors for doing exactly that — the Korean equivalents of "furthermore," "also," "and on top of that," and "what's more." Once you have these, your sentences will start to feel like real paragraphs rather than isolated statements.

그뿐만 아니라, 가격도 정말 합리적이에요.

(Not only that, the price is also really reasonable.)

➕ What You'll Learn Today

Adding information is one of the core skills of natural conversation — it lets you elaborate, give examples, and build a point rather than just stating one fact and stopping. Today you'll master five Korean expressions that add information, from the simple 그리고 (and) to the emphatic 심지어 (even, to top it off). You'll also see how to layer these expressions to create naturally flowing multi-sentence speech.

📌 Five Ways to Add Information

Expression	Literal Meaning	When to Use
그리고	And / And then	Adding a new, equal point — the most basic connector
게다가	On top of that / Furthermore	Adding something that reinforces or escalates the previous point
그뿐만 아니라	Not only that, but also	Emphasizing that there is more beyond what was already said
또한	Also / In addition	Slightly more formal — good for presenting multiple organized points
심지어	Even / To top it all off	Adding a surprising or extreme final point — adds dramatic weight

💡 Key distinction: 그리고 simply links two points of equal weight. 게다가 escalates — it says "and it gets better/worse." 심지어 is the most emphatic — it implies "you won't believe this next part."

Pattern in use:

이 카페는 분위기가 좋아요. 그리고 커피도 맛있어요.

(The cafe has a nice atmosphere. And the coffee is good too.)

이 카페는 분위기가 좋아요. 게다가 가격도 싸요.

(The cafe has a nice atmosphere. On top of that, the prices are cheap too.)

이 카페는 분위기가 좋아요. 심지어 콘센트도 있어요!

(The cafe has a nice atmosphere. They even have power outlets!)

💬 Conversations in Action

Mini-Dialogue 1 — Recommending a neighborhood

A: 그 동네 어때요?

B: 정말 조용하고 살기 좋아요. 그리고 마트도 가까워요. 게다가 지하철역도 걸어서 5분이에요.

A: 와, 완전 좋겠네요.

(A: What's that neighborhood like?

B: It's really quiet and nice to live in. And there's a supermarket nearby. On top of that, the subway station is just a five-minute walk.

A: Wow, that sounds perfect.)

Mini-Dialogue 2 — Explaining why a plan fell through

A: 왜 취소했어요?

B: 날씨가 너무 안 좋았어요. 그뿐만 아니라 교통도 엉망이었어요. 심지어 행사장도 닫혀 있었어요.

A: 아, 진짜 안 풀렸네요.

(A: Why did you cancel?

B: The weather was terrible. Not only that, the traffic was a mess too. To top it all off, the venue was closed.

A: Oh, nothing went right.)

🌏 Cultural Note — 말 이어가기: How Koreans Build a Point

Korean conversation often follows a building pattern where each sentence adds weight to the previous one. Speakers frequently use discourse markers like 게다가 and 심지어 to create a sense of momentum — moving from the ordinary toward the surprising or the extreme.

This is especially common when:

Recommending a place or product (stacking positive points)

Complaining about a situation (stacking frustrations)

Explaining a decision (stacking reasons)

Native speakers instinctively feel the "weight" of each connector. Starting with 그리고 and escalating to 심지어 creates a natural rhythm that sounds fluent and organized. Without these connectors, even grammatically correct Korean can feel choppy and disconnected.

<summary>Try This Speaking Exercise

Add information to each sentence using the connector in parentheses.

A. 이 식당은 음식이 맛있어요. (게다가 — the service is also fast)

<summary>Answer

이 식당은 음식이 맛있어요. 게다가 서비스도 빨라요.

(The food at this restaurant is delicious. On top of that, the service is fast too.)

</summary>

B. 그 책은 내용이 좋아요. (그리고 — the writing style is also easy to read)

<summary>Answer

그 책은 내용이 좋아요. 그리고 문체도 읽기 쉬워요.

(That book has good content. And the writing style is easy to read too.)

</summary>

C. 오늘 날씨가 너무 더웠어요. (심지어 — it rained too)

<summary>Answer

오늘 날씨가 너무 더웠어요. 심지어 비도 왔어요.

(The weather was so hot today. To top it all off, it rained too.)

</summary>

D. 그 호텔은 깨끗해요. (그뿐만 아니라 — the location is also great)

<summary>Answer

그 호텔은 깨끗해요. 그뿐만 아니라 위치도 좋아요.

(That hotel is clean. Not only that, the location is great too.)

</summary>

E. 이 앱은 편리해요. (또한 — it is also free)

<summary>Answer

이 앱은 편리해요. 또한 무료예요.

(This app is convenient. Also, it's free.)

</summary>

F. 오늘 회의가 너무 길었어요. (게다가 — the content was boring too)

<summary>Answer

오늘 회의가 너무 길었어요. 게다가 내용도 지루했어요.

(Today's meeting was so long. On top of that, the content was boring too.)

</summary>

G. 그 카페는 인테리어가 예뻐요. (심지어 — they even have free WiFi)

<summary>Answer

그 카페는 인테리어가 예뻐요. 심지어 와이파이도 무료예요.

(That cafe has a pretty interior. They even have free WiFi.)

</summary>

H. 그 동네는 조용해요. (그뿐만 아니라 — public transportation is also convenient)

<summary>Answer

그 동네는 조용해요. 그뿐만 아니라 대중교통도 편리해요.

(That neighborhood is quiet. Not only that, public transportation is also convenient.)

</summary>

I. 이 강의는 내용이 좋아요. (또한 — the instructor also explains well)

<summary>Answer

이 강의는 내용이 좋아요. 또한 강사가 설명도 잘 해요.

(This lecture has good content. Also, the instructor explains well.)

</summary>

J. 요즘 너무 바빠요. (심지어 — there wasn't even time to eat today)

<summary>Answer

요즘 너무 바빠요. 심지어 오늘은 밥 먹을 시간도 없었어요.

(I've been so busy lately. To top it all off, I didn't even have time to eat today.)

</summary>

📚

Expression Reference

Expression	Weight
그리고	Equal addition
게다가	Escalating addition
그뿐만 아니라	Expansive addition
또한	Formal parallel addition
심지어	Surprising/extreme addition

💡

Fluency Tip

Try to use 그리고 → 게다가 → 심지어 in a sequence when telling a story or making a recommendation. This escalating pattern feels native, builds interest, and makes your Korean sound organized and natural rather than like isolated sentences.

</summary>

🔁

Want more reps?

The Practice Hub below trains you to link ideas smoothly across a wide range of real-life situations — from cafe recommendations to explaining a busy week.

📦 Practice Hub — Adding Information

Exercise 1 — Choose the Right Expression

For each context, choose the connector that fits best.

A. You're recommending a café. First point: good coffee. Second point: cheap prices. You want to escalate.

a) 심지어

b) 게다가

c) 또한

<summary>Answer

b) 게다가 — 커피가 맛있어요. 게다가 가격도 싸요. 게다가 escalates from one positive to an even better one.

B. You're listing two equal features of an app: it's convenient and it's free.

a) 그리고

b) 심지어

c) 그뿐만 아니라

<summary>Answer

a) 그리고 — 편리해요. 그리고 무료예요. Two equal facts — 그리고 is the most natural connector.

C. You're explaining why a trip was terrible. It rained. Traffic was bad. The hotel was also closed. The hotel being closed is the worst detail.

a) 그리고

b) 게다가

c) 심지어

<summary>Answer

c) 심지어 — 비도 왔어요. 교통도 엉망이었어요. 심지어 호텔도 닫혀 있었어요. 심지어 adds the most extreme/surprising final point.

D. You're writing a formal review with two organized points: the content is good and the instructor also explains clearly.

a) 게다가

b) 또한

c) 그리고

<summary>Answer

b) 또한 — 내용이 좋아요. 또한 강사가 설명도 잘 해요. 또한 is more formal and structured — appropriate for written or organized speech.

E. You're telling a friend about a neighborhood: it's quiet. Beyond just quiet — it has great transport too.

a) 그뿐만 아니라

b) 심지어

c) 그리고

<summary>Answer

a) 그뿐만 아니라 — 조용해요. 그뿐만 아니라 교통도 편리해요. 그뿐만 아니라 says "not just that — there's more beyond what I said."

F. You had a bad day: missed lunch, lost your wallet. Losing your wallet is the shocking final point.

a) 게다가

b) 심지어

c) 또한

<summary>Answer

b) 심지어 — 점심도 못 먹었어요. 심지어 지갑도 잃어버렸어요. 심지어 marks the extreme or unexpected final blow.

G. You're describing a product: good quality, and also durable.

a) 심지어

b) 그리고

c) 그뿐만 아니라

<summary>Answer

b) 그리고 — 품질이 좋아요. 그리고 내구성도 좋아요. Simple equal addition — 그리고 is clean and natural.

H. You're making a business case: the approach saves time. Beyond saving time, it also reduces costs.

a) 또한

b) 심지어

c) 게다가

<summary>Answer

a) 또한 — 시간을 절약해요. 또한 비용도 줄여요. Formal parallel structure — 또한 fits organized business speech best.

I. You're recommending a book: the story is great. On top of that, the writing style is beautiful. To top it all off, it's very short.

a) 그뿐만 아니라 + 심지어

b) 그리고 + 그리고

c) 게다가 + 또한

<summary>Answer

a) 그뿐만 아니라 + 심지어 — 이야기가 좋아요. 그뿐만 아니라 문체도 아름다워요. 심지어 아주 짧아요! Escalates to the surprising final point.

J. You're explaining why you like working from home: you save commuting time and can also work in comfortable clothes.

a) 심지어

b) 그리고

c) 게다가

<summary>Answer

b) 그리고 — 출퇴근 시간이 절약돼요. 그리고 편한 옷으로 일할 수 있어요. Two practical equal benefits — 그리고 is most natural here.

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Quick Reference

Expression	Type of Addition
그리고	Equal, simple
게다가	Escalating
그뿐만 아니라	Expansive — "beyond that"
또한	Formal parallel
심지어	Extreme or surprising

⚠️

Pitfall

Don't use 심지어 for ordinary additions — it implies the next point is surprising or extreme. If you use 심지어 for something mundane, it will sound overly dramatic or incorrect to native ears.

Exercise 2 — Korean → English Translation

Translate each sentence pair naturally into English.

A. 이 카페는 커피가 맛있어요. 게다가 조용하기도 해요.

<summary>Answer

The coffee at this café is delicious. On top of that, it's also quiet.

B. 그 동네는 살기 좋아요. 그뿐만 아니라 학교도 가까워요.

<summary>Answer

That neighborhood is nice to live in. Not only that, schools are also nearby.

C. 오늘 늦잠을 잤어요. 심지어 버스도 놓쳤어요.

<summary>Answer

I overslept today. To top it all off, I even missed the bus.

D. 이 책은 재미있어요. 또한 교육적이기도 해요.

<summary>Answer

This book is interesting. It is also educational.

E. 날씨가 좋아요. 그리고 바람도 시원해요.

<summary>Answer

The weather is nice. And the breeze is cool too.

F. 그 식당은 음식이 맛있어요. 게다가 가격도 합리적이에요.

<summary>Answer

The food at that restaurant is delicious. On top of that, the prices are also reasonable.

G. 오늘 발표를 망쳤어요. 심지어 파일도 안 열렸어요.

<summary>Answer

I messed up my presentation today. To top it all off, the file wouldn't even open.

H. 이 제품은 품질이 좋아요. 그뿐만 아니라 디자인도 예뻐요.

<summary>Answer

This product has good quality. Not only that, the design is also pretty.

I. 그 앱은 편리해요. 또한 무료예요.

<summary>Answer

That app is convenient. It is also free.

J. 오늘 비가 왔어요. 게다가 바람도 많이 불었어요. 심지어 우산도 없었어요.

<summary>Answer

It rained today. On top of that, it was very windy. To top it all off, I didn't even have an umbrella.

📚

Vocabulary Cheat Sheet

Korean	English
합리적이다	To be reasonable (price)
내구성	Durability
교육적이다	To be educational
절약하다	To save / conserve
열리다	To open (intransitive)
바람이 불다	The wind blows

💡

Grammar Tip

-기도 해요 after a verb/adjective adds "also" within a clause: 맛있기도 해요 = "it's also delicious." This combines naturally with connectors: 게다가 맛있기도 해요 = "on top of that, it's also delicious."

Exercise 3 — Complete the Sentence

Fill in the blank with the correct connector.

A. 그 카페는 분위기가 좋아요. 와이파이도 빨라요.

<summary>Answer

게다가 — 게다가 와이파이도 빨라요. Escalating: atmosphere is good, and wifi is fast on top of that.

B. 오늘 지각했어요. 중요한 서류도 잊어버렸어요. 정말 최악이었어요.

<summary>Answer

심지어 — 심지어 중요한 서류도 잊어버렸어요. Extreme final point — "to top it all off."

C. 이 동네는 조용해요. 공원도 있어요.

<summary>Answer

그리고 — 그리고 공원도 있어요. Simple equal addition — two nice features.

D. 이 방법은 효과적이에요. 비용도 절약돼요.

<summary>Answer

또한 — 또한 비용도 절약돼요. Formal organized addition — good for professional contexts.

E. 그 가게는 물건이 좋아요. 가격도 저렴해요.

<summary>Answer

그뿐만 아니라 — 그뿐만 아니라 가격도 저렴해요. "Not only is the quality good — the price is also cheap."

F. 어제 늦게 잤어요. 오늘 아침 알람도 못 들었어요.

<summary>Answer

게다가 — 게다가 오늘 아침 알람도 못 들었어요. One bad thing led to another — escalating.

G. 이 책은 내용이 좋아요. 번역도 잘 됐어요.

<summary>Answer

그리고 or 또한 — 그리고/또한 번역도 잘 됐어요. Both work; 또한 is slightly more formal.

H. 날씨가 더웠어요. 에어컨도 고장났어요!

<summary>Answer

심지어 — 심지어 에어컨도 고장났어요! The broken AC is the extreme final blow.

I. 이 앱은 사용하기 쉬워요. 한국어도 지원돼요.

<summary>Answer

그뿐만 아니라 — 그뿐만 아니라 한국어도 지원돼요. "Not only is it easy to use — it also supports Korean."

J. 운동을 했어요. 건강한 식사도 했어요.

<summary>Answer

그리고 — 그리고 건강한 식사도 했어요. Two parallel positive actions.

📚

Sentence Starters

Situation	Best Connector
Two equal points	그리고
Good → even better	게다가
"There's more beyond this"	그뿐만 아니라
Formal organized list	또한
Surprising or worst/best point	심지어

💡

Production Tip

도 (also/too) appears naturally after the topic/subject in the second clause when using these connectors. 게다가 가격도 싸요 / 심지어 우산도 없었어요. The 도 and the connector work together — don't drop either one.

Exercise 4 — Dialogue Completion

Complete B's response by adding at least one more piece of information with an appropriate connector.

A. A: 그 호텔 어때요? B: 깨끗해요.

<summary>Answer

깨끗해요. 게다가 위치도 너무 좋아요. 그뿐만 아니라 직원도 친절해요.

(It's clean. On top of that, the location is great too. Not only that, the staff is also kind.)

B. A: 왜 그 카페 좋아요? B: 커피가 맛있어요.

<summary>Answer

커피가 맛있어요. 그리고 분위기도 좋아요. 심지어 콘센트도 많아요!

(The coffee is delicious. And the atmosphere is nice too. They even have a lot of outlets!)

C. A: 오늘 왜 이렇게 피곤해요? B: 어젯밤에 잘 못 잤어요.

<summary>Answer

어젯밤에 잘 못 잤어요. 게다가 아침에 회의도 있었어요. 심지어 점심도 못 먹었어요.

(I didn't sleep well last night. On top of that, I had a meeting in the morning. To top it off, I didn't even eat lunch.)

D. A: 그 동네 살 만해요? B: 조용해요.

<summary>Answer

조용해요. 그뿐만 아니라 공원도 가까워요. 또한 대중교통도 편리해요.

(It's quiet. Not only that, the park is also nearby. Also, public transportation is convenient.)

E. A: 왜 그 앱 추천해요? B: 사용하기 쉬워요.

<summary>Answer

사용하기 쉬워요. 게다가 기능도 많아요. 심지어 무료예요!

(It's easy to use. On top of that, it has a lot of features. It's even free!)

F. A: 어제 왜 늦었어요? B: 지하철이 늦게 왔어요.

<summary>Answer

지하철이 늦게 왔어요. 게다가 환승도 놓쳤어요. 심지어 택시도 안 잡혔어요.

(The subway came late. On top of that, I missed my transfer. To top it off, I couldn't even get a taxi.)

G. A: 그 책 재미있어요? B: 네, 스토리가 좋아요.

<summary>Answer

네, 스토리가 좋아요. 그뿐만 아니라 캐릭터도 매력적이에요. 또한 번역도 자연스러워요.

(Yes, the story is good. Not only that, the characters are also charming. Also, the translation is natural.)

H. A: 왜 재택근무가 좋아요? B: 출퇴근 시간이 없어요.

<summary>Answer

출퇴근 시간이 없어요. 그리고 집에서 편하게 일할 수 있어요. 게다가 집중도 더 잘 돼요.

(There's no commute time. And I can work comfortably at home. On top of that, I can concentrate better.)

I. A: 이 제품 왜 좋아요? B: 품질이 좋아요.

<summary>Answer

품질이 좋아요. 게다가 오래 써도 괜찮아요. 심지어 A/S도 돼요.

(The quality is good. On top of that, it holds up well over time. They even offer after-sales service.)

J. A: 여행 어땠어요? B: 경치가 너무 좋았어요.

<summary>Answer

경치가 너무 좋았어요. 그리고 음식도 맛있었어요. 게다가 날씨도 완벽했어요. 심지어 숙소도 저렴했어요!

(The scenery was so beautiful. And the food was delicious too. On top of that, the weather was perfect. To top it all off, the accommodation was even cheap!)

📚

Useful Phrases

Phrase	Meaning
기능이 많다	To have many features
집중이 잘 되다	To be able to concentrate well
오래 써도 괜찮다	To hold up well over time
A/S가 되다	After-sales service is available
환승을 놓치다	To miss a transfer

💡

Conversation Tip

Try the escalation sequence in your own recommendations: 그리고 (equal) → 게다가 (better) → 심지어 (best or most surprising). This three-step build makes your speech feel natural, organized, and fluent — even if you only know basic grammar.

Exercise 5 — Free Speaking Practice

Build multi-sentence answers by stacking points with connectors from this lesson.

A. Recommend your favorite café in 3 sentences using 그리고, 게다가, 심지어.

<summary>Sample Answer

커피가 맛있어요. 게다가 분위기도 조용해요. 심지어 콘센트도 많아서 공부하기도 좋아요.

(The coffee is delicious. On top of that, the atmosphere is quiet. To top it all off, there are so many outlets it's great for studying.)

B. Explain why today was a good day using 그리고 and 그뿐만 아니라.

<summary>Sample Answer

오늘 회의가 잘 끝났어요. 그리고 맛있는 점심도 먹었어요. 그뿐만 아니라 퇴근도 일찍 했어요.

(Today's meeting ended well. And I also had a delicious lunch. Not only that, I got off work early too.)

C. Explain why a week was difficult using 게다가 and 심지어.

<summary>Sample Answer

이번 주에 일이 너무 많았어요. 게다가 몸도 안 좋았어요. 심지어 주말에도 일했어요.

(There was so much work this week. On top of that, I wasn't feeling well either. To top it all off, I even worked on the weekend.)

D. Describe a great neighborhood using 그뿐만 아니라 and 또한.

<summary>Sample Answer

이 동네는 공원이 가까워요. 그뿐만 아니라 마트도 도보 5분이에요. 또한 지하철역도 편리해요.

(This neighborhood has a park nearby. Not only that, the supermarket is also a 5-minute walk. Also, the subway station is convenient.)

E. Recommend a Korean learning app using all five connectors.

<summary>Sample Answer

이 앱은 사용하기 쉬워요. 그리고 발음 연습도 돼요. 게다가 단어 복습 기능도 있어요. 그뿐만 아니라 원어민 예문도 들을 수 있어요. 심지어 무료예요!

(This app is easy to use. And you can practice pronunciation too. On top of that, there's a vocabulary review feature. Not only that, you can also listen to native speaker examples. It's even free!)

F. Tell someone why you prefer working at a café rather than at home.

<summary>Sample Answer

카페에서 일하면 집중이 잘 돼요. 게다가 커피도 바로 마실 수 있어요. 심지어 새로운 사람을 만날 수도 있어요.

(When I work at a café, I can concentrate well. On top of that, I can drink coffee right there. To top it all off, I might even meet new people.)

G. Describe a product you recently bought positively.

<summary>Sample Answer

이 가방은 디자인이 예뻐요. 그리고 수납공간도 많아요. 그뿐만 아니라 가벼워서 들기 편해요.

(This bag has a pretty design. And there's a lot of storage space. Not only that, it's light and comfortable to carry.)

H. Describe a restaurant you'd never go back to using 게다가 and 심지어.

<summary>Sample Answer

음식이 별로였어요. 게다가 서비스도 너무 느렸어요. 심지어 가격도 비쌌어요.

(The food wasn't great. On top of that, the service was so slow. To top it all off, it was expensive too.)

I. Say why you'd recommend studying Korean.

<summary>Sample Answer

한국어를 배우면 드라마가 더 재미있어요. 게다가 여행도 훨씬 편해요. 심지어 새로운 친구도 사귈 수 있어요.

(When you learn Korean, dramas are more fun. On top of that, traveling is much easier. To top it all off, you can even make new friends.)

J. Describe your ideal day off using 그리고, 게다가, 그뿐만 아니라.

<summary>Sample Answer

좋아하는 카페에 가요. 그리고 책도 읽어요. 게다가 좋아하는 음악도 들어요. 그뿐만 아니라 친구도 만나요.

(I go to my favorite café. And I read a book too. On top of that, I listen to my favorite music. Not only that, I also meet a friend.)

📚

Sentence Starters

Connector	Position in Sequence
그리고	First addition — equal
게다가	Second addition — escalating
그뿐만 아니라	For expanding scope
또한	For formal parallel points
심지어	Final point — most extreme

🌟

Speaking Challenge

Pick a place you love (a café, neighborhood, or city) and describe it in 5 sentences — one sentence per connector in order: 그리고 → 게다가 → 그뿐만 아니라 → 또한 → 심지어. Notice how the energy of your description builds with each sentence.

좋은 점은 쌓일수록 더 좋아 보이죠. ✨