TL;DR
- Advanced honorific writing is not about making every verb polite; it is about choosing the correct respect target.
- TOPIK writing rewards consistent register, natural 격μ체 endings, and accurate special honorific verbs such as κ³μλ€, λ리λ€, μ¬μλ€, λͺ¨μλ€.
- Use honorifics strategically in formal letters, proposals, notices, and essays when referring to teachers, customers, seniors, officials, or institutions.
π§ Helper Note
Read each Korean example aloud twice: once slowly to notice the honorific marker, and once naturally to check whether the sentence sounds like formal written Korean.
π The Big Picture
Advanced honorific patterns, or νΉμ μ‘΄λ, appear when ordinary verbs are replaced by special honorific or humble forms. In TOPIK writing, this matters because honorific accuracy affects style/register, grammar control, and the overall appropriateness of the answer.
Basic politeness is usually shown by endings such as
-μ΅λλ€, -γ
λλ€, -μ/μ΄μ, or -μμμ€. Advanced honorific writing goes further:- The subject may be raised:
μ μλμ΄ μλ€βμ μλκ»μ κ³μλ€
- The speaker may lower their own action:
묻λ€βμ¬μλ€,μ£Όλ€βλ리λ€
- The object or listener may be respected:
λ°λ¦¬κ³ κ°λ€βλͺ¨μκ³ κ°λ€
- The sentence may use formal nouns and particles:
μκ²βκ»,μ΄/κ°βκ»μ
For TOPIK Writing, the goal is not maximum honorific decoration. The goal is accurate, consistent, purpose-driven formality.
π§© Core Concepts / Patterns
1. Subject honorification: raising the person who performs the action
Use subject honorification when the respected person is the subject of the sentence.
Plain idea | Honorific form | TOPIK-style example |
μλ€ | κ³μλ€ | κ΅μλκ»μλ μ°κ΅¬μ€μ κ³μλλ€. |
λ¨Ήλ€ | λμλ€ / μ‘μμλ€ | μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€μ΄ νΈνκ² μμ¬λ₯Ό λμ€ μ μλλ‘ κ³΅κ°μ λ§λ ¨ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€. |
μλ€ | 주무μλ€ | νμλΆκ»μ μΆ©λΆν μ£Όλ¬΄μ€ μ μλλ‘ μ‘°μ©ν νκ²½μ΄ νμν©λλ€. |
λ§νλ€ | λ§μνμλ€ | λ΄λΉμκ»μ λ³κ²½ μ¬νμ μμΈν λ§μνμ
¨μ΅λλ€. |
2. Humble forms: lowering the speakerβs action
Use humble forms when the speaker, writer, or institution performs an action toward a respected person.
Plain verb | Humble form | Use when... |
μ£Όλ€ | λλ¦¬λ€ | giving something to a respected person |
λ¬»λ€ | μ¬μλ€ | asking a respected person |
λ³΄λ€ / λ§λλ€ | λ΅λ€ | meeting or seeing a respected person |
λ°λ¦¬κ³ κ°λ€ | λͺ¨μκ³ κ°λ€ | taking/accompanying a respected person |
λ§νλ€ | λ§μλλ¦¬λ€ | telling a respected person |
Examples:
- μ κ° κ΅μλκ» μ§λ¬Έμ μ¬μμμ΅λλ€.
- μμΈν μΌμ μ κ³ κ°λκ» λ€μ μλ΄ν΄ λλ¦¬κ² μ΅λλ€.
- νμ μ₯μκΉμ§ μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€μ λͺ¨μκ³ κ°λ λ΄μ¬μκ° νμν©λλ€.
- λ€μ μ£Όμ μ μλμ λ΅κ³ μ견μ λ£κ³ μ ν©λλ€.
3. Honorific particles and nouns
Advanced writing also requires honorific particles and formal nouns.
μ΄/κ°βκ»μ:κ΅μλκ»μ λ°ννμ ¨μ΅λλ€.
μκ²/νν βκ»:λ΄λΉμκ» λ¬ΈμνμκΈ° λ°λλλ€.
λ§βλ§μ:μ’μ λ§μ κ°μ¬ν©λλ€.
λμ΄βμ°μΈ:μ΄λ₯΄μ μ μ°μΈλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€.
μ§βλ:ν λ¨Έλ λμ λ°©λ¬Ένμ΅λλ€.
μμΌβμμ:λΆλͺ¨λμ μμ μ κΈ°λ νμ΅λλ€.
4. Formal endings for TOPIK writing
In TOPIK Writing, especially task 53 or 54, use consistent formal written endings:
- Descriptive/argumentative essays:
-λ€,-γ΄/λλ€,-μ/μ΄μΌ νλ€
- Formal announcements or reports:
-μ΅λλ€,-γ λλ€,-κ² μ΅λλ€
- Requests or notices:
-μκΈ° λ°λλλ€,-ν΄ μ£ΌμκΈ° λ°λλλ€,-μ/μ΄ μ£Όμλ©΄ κ°μ¬νκ² μ΅λλ€
Do not mix casual and formal endings without a clear reason:
- Awkward:
κ΅μλκ»μ μ€μ ¨κ³ μ λ μ§λ¬Ένμ΄μ.
- Better:
κ΅μλκ»μ μ€μ ¨κ³ μ λ μ§λ¬Έμ μ¬μμμ΅λλ€.
β Exam Strategy
Step 1. Identify the relationship
Before choosing an honorific form, ask:
- Who is acting?
- Who is being respected?
- Is the writer raising the subject or lowering the writerβs own action?
- Is the answer a letter, notice, report, or essay?
Step 2. Use honorifics only where they are needed
A TOPIK essay about society does not need every sentence to be honorific. Use advanced honorifics mainly when the topic involves:
- teachers, professors, experts
- older adults or patients
- customers, clients, applicants, visitors
- parents or family elders
- public officials or institutional representatives
Step 3. Maintain scoring-focused quality
For Writing, honorifics support several scoring areas:
- Task fulfillment: The tone matches the situation, such as apology, request, proposal, or explanation.
- Coherence/cohesion: Honorific choices remain consistent from sentence to sentence.
- Grammar control: Special verbs, particles, and endings are used accurately.
- Lexical range: Words such as
λ§μ,μ°μΈ,λ,μμ,μ§μ§,μ±ν¨add precision.
- Style/register: The response sounds like appropriate formal Korean, not translated casual speech.
Step 4. Build useful sentence frames
Memorize frames that can be adapted in TOPIK writing:
λ¬Έμνμ λ΄μ©μ λν΄ μλ΄ν΄ λλ¦¬κ² μ΅λλ€.
λ°μμκ² μ§λ§ νμΈν΄ μ£Όμλ©΄ κ°μ¬νκ² μ΅λλ€.
μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€κ»μ νΈλ¦¬νκ² μ΄μ©νμ€ μ μλλ‘ μμ€μ κ°μ ν΄μΌ νλ€.
μ λ¬Έκ°κ»μ λ§μνμ λ°μ κ°μ΄, μ΄ λ¬Έμ λ μ₯κΈ°μ μΈ κ΄μ μμ μ κ·Όν΄μΌ νλ€.
λ΄λΉμκ» μ¬μ κ²°κ³Ό, μ μ² κΈ°κ°μ΄ μ°μ₯λμλ€κ³ νλ€.
βοΈ Writing Model
Prompt
λ€μ μν©μ λ§κ² 200~300μλ‘ κΈμ μ°μμμ€.
μ§μ 볡μ§κ΄μμ μ΄λ₯΄μ μ μν μ€λ§νΈν° μ¬μ© κ΅μ‘ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ μνλ €κ³ ν©λλ€. νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ νμμ±κ³Ό μ΄μ λ°©λ²μ μ€λͺ
νμμμ€.Model answer
μ§μ 볡μ§κ΄μμλ μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€κ»μ μ€λ§νΈν°μ λ νΈλ¦¬νκ² μ΄μ©νμ€ μ μλλ‘ μ κΈ°μ μΈ κ΅μ‘ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ΄μν νμκ° μλ€. μμ¦ λ³μ μμ½, κ΅ν΅ μ 보 νμΈ, κ°μ‘±κ³Όμ μ°λ½ λ± λ§μ μΌμ΄ μ€λ§νΈν°μΌλ‘ μ΄λ£¨μ΄μ§κΈ° λλ¬Έμ μ¬μ©λ²μ μ΅νλ κ²μ μνμ λΆνΈμ μ€μ΄λ λ° λμμ΄ λλ€. νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ£Ό 2ν μκ·λͺ¨λ‘ μ§ννκ³ , λ΄μ¬μκ° μ΄λ₯΄μ ν λΆ ν λΆκ» κΈ°λ³Έ κΈ°λ₯μ μ§μ μλ΄ν΄ λ리λ λ°©μμ΄ μ μ νλ€. λν κΆκΈν μ μ νΈνκ² μ¬μμ€ μ μλ μλ΄ μκ°μ λ§λ ¨νλ€λ©΄ κ΅μ‘ ν¨κ³Όκ° λμ± λμμ§ κ²μ΄λ€.
Why this model scores well
- Task fulfillment: It explains both the need and the operating method.
- Coherence: The paragraph moves from social need β program structure β expected effect.
- Grammar control:
μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€κ»μ,μ΄μ©νμ€,μλ΄ν΄ λ리λ,μ¬μμ€are used naturally.
- Register: The style is formal and suitable for TOPIK writing.
- Lexical range: Words such as
μ κΈ°μ μΈ,μκ·λͺ¨,μλ΄ μκ°,κ΅μ‘ ν¨κ³Όfit an academic proposal.
β οΈ Pitfalls
Pitfall 1. Respecting the wrong person
- Incorrect:
μ κ° κ΅μλκ» μ€λͺ νμ ¨μ΅λλ€.
- Correct:
μ κ° κ΅μλκ» μ€λͺ ν΄ λλ Έμ΅λλ€.
The speaker is the subject, so use the humble form
λ리λ€, not subject honorification.Pitfall 2. Mixing κ³μλ€ and μμΌμλ€
κ³μλ€ is the common special honorific for a personβs existence or presence.- Natural:
λΆμ₯λκ»μλ νμμ€μ κ³μλλ€.
- Less natural in this meaning:
λΆμ₯λκ»μλ νμμ€μ μμΌμλλ€.
Pitfall 3. Overusing -μ-
Do not attach
-μ- to everything.- Awkward:
μλ£κ° μ€λΉλμ ¨μ΅λλ€.
- Better:
μλ£κ° μ€λΉλμμ΅λλ€.
Objects and documents are not respected people.
Pitfall 4. Using humble verbs for the respected personβs action
- Incorrect:
μ μλκ»μ μ μκ² λ§μλλ Έμ΅λλ€.
- Correct:
μ μλκ»μ μ μκ² λ§μνμ ¨μ΅λλ€.
λ§μλλ¦¬λ€ is used when the speaker tells a respected person something.Pitfall 5. Changing register mid-answer
- Weak:
λ¬Έμνμ λ΄μ©μ νμΈνμ΅λλ€. κ·Έλμ μλ € μ€κ²μ.
- Strong:
λ¬Έμνμ λ΄μ©μ νμΈνμ΅λλ€. λ°λΌμ μλμ κ°μ΄ μλ΄ν΄ λλ¦¬κ² μ΅λλ€.
Practice Hub: Advanced Honorific Patterns β 50 Questions
Complete all five sets. Focus on accuracy, register, and whether the sentence respects the correct person.
Set 1 β Choose the correct honorific verb
- κ΅μλκ»μ μ°κ΅¬μ€μ _____.
A. μλ€ B. κ³μλ€ C. λλ¦¬λ€ D. μ¬μλ€
- μ λ μ μλκ» κΆκΈν μ μ _____.
A. μ¬μμλ€ B. λ§μνμ
¨λ€ C. κ³μ
¨λ€ D. μ‘μμ
¨λ€
- λ΄μ¬μλ μ΄λ₯΄μ μ λ³μκΉμ§ _____.
A. λͺ¨μκ³ κ°λ€ B. λ°λ Έλ€ C. μμΌμ
¨λ€ D. μ¬μμλ€
- κ³ κ°λκ» μμΈν μ¬μ© λ°©λ²μ μλ΄ν΄ _____.
A. λλ¦¬κ² μ΅λλ€ B. μ£Όκ² μ΅λλ€ C. κ³μκ² μ΅λλ€ D. μ‘μκ² μ΅λλ€
- λΆλͺ¨λκ»μ μ λ μ _____ ν μ¬μ ¨λ€.
A. λμ B. λ¨Ήμ C. λλ¦° D. λ΅
- λ€μ μ£Όμ μ§λ κ΅μλμ _____ λ Όλ¬Έ κ³νμ μ€λͺ λ릴 μμ μ΄λ€.
A. λ΅κ³ B. λ³΄κ³ C. κ³μκ³ D. 주무μκ³
- ν μλ²μ§κ»μλ μΌμ° _____.
A. 주무μ
¨λ€ B. μ€λ€ C. μ¬μμ
¨λ€ D. λλ Έλ€
- λ΄λΉμκ»μ λ³κ²½ μ¬νμ μμΈν _____.
A. λ§μνμ
¨λ€ B. λ§μλλ Έλ€ C. μ¬μμλ€ D. λμ
¨λ€
- μλκ»μ μ μ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬κ³ _____.
A. κ³μλλ€ B. μμ΅λλ€ C. λ립λλ€ D. μ¬μλλ€
- μ κ° νμ₯λκ» νμ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό _____.
A. λ§μλλ Έμ΅λλ€ B. λ§μνμ
¨μ΅λλ€ C. κ³μ
¨μ΅λλ€ D. μ‘μμ
¨μ΅λλ€
Answers β Set 1
- B β A respected subject is present, so use
κ³μλ€.
- A β The speaker asks a respected person, so use
μ¬μλ€.
- A β Accompanying a respected older person requires
λͺ¨μκ³ κ°λ€.
- A β The speaker provides information to the customer, so use
λ리λ€.
- A β Parents are the subject of eating, so use
λμλ€.
- A β Meeting a professor uses the humble verb
λ΅λ€.
- A β A respected elder sleeps, so use
주무μλ€.
- A β The respected subject speaks, so use
λ§μνμλ€.
- A β A respected customer is waiting/present, so use
κ³μλ€.
- A β The speaker reports to a respected person, so use
λ§μλ리λ€.
Set 2 β Rewrite in formal honorific style
- μ μλμ΄ κ΅μ€μ μλ€.
- μ κ° κ΅μλμκ² λ¬Όμ΄λ΄€μ΅λλ€.
- μ§μμ΄ μλμκ² μλ£λ₯Ό μ£Όμμ΅λλ€.
- ν λ¨Έλκ° μ§μ κ°μ΅λλ€.
- μ λ μ λ°°λ₯Ό λ§λμ μ‘°μΈμ λ€μμ΅λλ€.
- μμ¬ μ μλμ΄ νμμκ² μ€λͺ νμ΅λλ€.
- νμλ€μ΄ κ΅μ₯ μ μλμκ² κ°μ¬ μΈμ¬λ₯Ό νλ€.
- μλ²μ§κ° μμΉ¨μ λ¨Ήμμ΅λλ€.
- μ κ° κ³ κ°μκ² μ νλ‘ λ§νμ΅λλ€.
- μλ΄μμ΄ λ°©λ¬Έκ°μ νμμ€λ‘ λ°λ¦¬κ³ κ°μ΅λλ€.
Answers β Set 2
- μ μλκ»μ κ΅μ€μ κ³μλλ€.
- μ κ° κ΅μλκ» μ¬μμ΄ λ³΄μμ΅λλ€.
- μ§μμ΄ μλκ» μλ£λ₯Ό λλ Έμ΅λλ€.
- ν λ¨Έλκ»μ λμ κ°μ
¨μ΅λλ€.
- μ λ μ λ°°λ₯Ό λ΅κ³ μ‘°μΈμ λ€μμ΅λλ€.
- μμ¬ μ μλκ»μ νμμκ² μ€λͺ
νμ
¨μ΅λλ€.
- νμλ€μ΄ κ΅μ₯ μ μλκ» κ°μ¬ μΈμ¬λ₯Ό λλ Έμ΅λλ€.
- μλ²μ§κ»μ μμΉ¨μ λμ
¨μ΅λλ€.
- μ κ° κ³ κ°λκ» μ νλ‘ λ§μλλ Έμ΅λλ€.
- μλ΄μμ΄ λ°©λ¬Έκ°μ νμμ€λ‘ λͺ¨μκ³ κ°μ΅λλ€.
Set 3 β Find and correct the error
- κ΅μλκ»μ μ μκ² λ Όλ¬Έ μ£Όμ λ₯Ό λ§μλλ Έμ΅λλ€.
- μ κ° μ μλκ» μ§λ¬Έμ νμ ¨μ΅λλ€.
- μλ£κ° μ€λΉλμ ¨μ΅λλ€.
- μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€μ΄ μ μ¬μ λ¨Ήμμ΅λλ€.
- μ λ νμ₯λμ λ³΄κ³ μΈμ¬νμ΅λλ€.
- κ³ κ°μκ² μλ΄ λ¬Έμλ₯Ό λ³΄λ΄ μ£Όμμ΅λλ€.
- λΆμ₯λμ μ§κΈ μ¬λ¬΄μ€μ μμ΅λλ€.
- λΆλͺ¨λ μμΌμ μΆννκΈ° μν΄ νΈμ§λ₯Ό μΌλ€.
- λ΄λΉμκ» λ¬Έμνλ©΄ μμΈν λ§ν΄ μ€ κ²μ΄λ€.
- ν μλ²μ§ λμ΄λ₯Ό κ³ λ €νμ¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ€λΉνλ€.
Answers β Set 3
- κ΅μλκ»μ μ μκ² λ
Όλ¬Έ μ£Όμ λ₯Ό λ§μνμ
¨μ΅λλ€. β The professor is the respected subject speaking.
- μ κ° μ μλκ» μ§λ¬Έμ μ¬μμμ΅λλ€. β The speaker lowers their own asking action.
- μλ£κ° μ€λΉλμμ΅λλ€. β
μλ£is not a respected person.
- μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€μ΄ μ μ¬μ λμ
¨μ΅λλ€. β Older adults are the respected subject of eating.
- μ λ νμ₯λμ λ΅κ³ μΈμ¬νμ΅λλ€. β Meeting a respected person uses
λ΅λ€.
- κ³ κ°λκ» μλ΄ λ¬Έμλ₯Ό λ³΄λ΄ λλ Έμ΅λλ€. β Use
κ»andλ리λ€for the customer.
- λΆμ₯λκ»μλ μ§κΈ μ¬λ¬΄μ€μ κ³μλλ€. β Use
κ»μandκ³μλ€.
- λΆλͺ¨λ μμ μ μΆννκΈ° μν΄ νΈμ§λ₯Ό μΌλ€. β Use
μμfor parentsβ birthday.
- λ΄λΉμκ» λ¬Έμνλ©΄ μμΈν μλ΄ν΄ μ€ κ²μ΄λ€. / λ΄λΉμκ» λ¬Έμνλ©΄ μμΈν μλ΄λ°μ μ μλ€. β Avoid casual
λ§ν΄ μ€ κ²μ΄λ€in formal writing.
- ν μλ²μ§μ μ°μΈλ₯Ό κ³ λ €νμ¬ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ€λΉνλ€. β Use
μ°μΈfor an elderβs age.
Set 4 β Choose the best sentence for TOPIK writing
- Which sentence is best for a formal inquiry email?
A. κΆκΈν΄μ λ¬Όμ΄λ΄μ.
B. κΆκΈν μ μ μ¬μκ³ μ ν©λλ€.
C. κΆκΈνλκΉ λ§ν΄ μ£ΌμΈμ.
D. κΆκΈν κ±Έ μλ € μ€μ.
- Which sentence best respects a customer?
A. κ³ κ°μ΄ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬κ³ μλ€.
B. κ³ κ°λκ»μ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬κ³ κ³μλλ€.
C. κ³ κ°λμ΄ κΈ°λ€λ¦¬κ³ μμΌμ
μ.
D. κ³ κ°μκ² κΈ°λ€λ¦°λ€.
- Which sentence best fits a public notice?
A. μ μ²μλ₯Ό λμΌλ©΄ λΌμ.
B. μ μ²μλ₯Ό μ μΆν΄ μ£ΌμκΈ° λ°λλλ€.
C. μ μ²μλ₯Ό λ΄ μ€.
D. μ μ²μλ λ΄λ©΄ μ’κ² λ€.
- Which sentence is best in an academic proposal about older adults?
A. λ
ΈμΈλ€μ΄ μ€λ§νΈν°μ μ λͺ» μ΄λ€.
B. μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€κ»μ μ€λ§νΈν°μ νΈλ¦¬νκ² μ΄μ©νμ€ μ μλλ‘ κ΅μ‘μ΄ νμνλ€.
C. ν λ¨Έλλ€μ΄ ν°μ λͺ» νμ λ€.
D. λμ μ¬λλ€μ΄ λ°°μ°λ©΄ λλ€.
- Which sentence correctly uses humble speech?
A. μ κ° κ΅μλκ» μλ£λ₯Ό λλ Έμ΅λλ€.
B. κ΅μλκ»μ μ μκ² μλ£λ₯Ό λλ Έμ΅λλ€.
C. μ κ° μλ£λ₯Ό κ³μ
¨μ΅λλ€.
D. κ΅μλκ» μλ£κ° λλ Έμ΅λλ€.
- Which sentence is best for a formal apology?
A. λ¦μ΄μ λ―Έμν΄μ.
B. λ¦κ² μ°λ½λλ € μ£μ‘ν©λλ€.
C. λ¦μμΌλκΉ μ΄ν΄ν΄ μ£ΌμΈμ.
D. λ¦μλ€μ.
- Which sentence best uses honorific particles?
A. μ μλμ΄ νμμκ² λ§μνλ€.
B. μ μλκ»μ νμμκ² λ§μνμ
¨λ€.
C. νμκ»μ μ μλνν
λ§νμ΅λλ€.
D. μ μλμ νμκ» λ§νλ€.
- Which sentence avoids overusing honorifics?
A. νμ μλ£κ° μμ±λμ
¨μ΅λλ€.
B. νμ μλ£κ° μμ±λμμ΅λλ€.
C. νμ μλ£κ»μ μμ±λμμ΅λλ€.
D. νμ μλ£λ₯Ό λμ
¨μ΅λλ€.
- Which sentence is best for reporting expert opinion?
A. μ λ¬Έκ°κ° λ§νλλ° μ€μν΄μ.
B. μ λ¬Έκ°κ»μ λ§μνμ λ°μ κ°μ΄ μ΄ λ¬Έμ λ μ€μνλ€.
C. μ λ¬Έκ°μκ² λ§ν΄ 쀬λ€.
D. μ λ¬Έκ°κ° λ§μλλ¦° λ°μ κ°μ΄ μ€μν΄μ.
- Which sentence best fits a formal closing request?
A. λ΅μ₯ 빨리 μ€μ.
B. νμΈν΄ μ£Όμλ©΄ κ°μ¬νκ² μ΅λλ€.
C. λ³΄κ³ μλ € μ€.
D. νμΈ λΆνν΄μ.
Answers β Set 4
- B β
μ¬μκ³ μ ν©λλ€is formal and humble.
- B β It uses
κ³ κ°λκ»μandκ³μλλ€naturally.
- B β
-ν΄ μ£ΌμκΈ° λ°λλλ€fits public notices.
- B β It is respectful, precise, and proposal-like.
- A β The speaker gives something to a professor, so
λ리λ€is correct.
- B β
μ°λ½λλ € μ£μ‘ν©λλ€is an appropriate formal apology.
- B β The respected subject is marked with
κ»μand usesλ§μνμλ€.
- B β Documents do not take
-μ-; simple formal passive is correct.
- B β It uses the expert as respected subject and keeps academic style.
- B β It is formal, polite, and common in written requests.
Set 5 β Apply honorifics in TOPIK-style writing
- Write one formal sentence asking a professor for feedback on a report.
- Write one formal sentence explaining that volunteers will guide older adults to the classroom.
- Write one sentence for a notice asking visitors to submit an application form.
- Write one sentence saying that a customer can ask the staff member questions.
- Write one sentence explaining that the director spoke about the programβs purpose.
- Write one sentence using
μ°μΈnaturally in an essay about healthcare.
- Write one sentence using
λnaturally.
- Write one formal sentence apologizing for contacting someone late.
- Write one sentence for an essay about making public services easier for older adults to use.
- Write a two-sentence mini paragraph proposing a respectful digital education program for older adults.
Sample answers β Set 5
- κ΅μλκ» λ³΄κ³ μμ λν μ견μ μ¬μκ³ μ ν©λλ€.
- λ΄μ¬μλ€μ΄ μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€μ κ΅μ€κΉμ§ λͺ¨μκ³ κ° μμ μ
λλ€.
- λ°©λ¬Έκ°κ»μλ μ μ²μλ₯Ό μ μΆν΄ μ£ΌμκΈ° λ°λλλ€.
- κ³ κ°λκ»μλ κΆκΈν μ μ μ§μμκ² λ¬Έμνμ€ μ μμ΅λλ€.
- μμ₯λκ»μ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ λͺ©μ μ λν΄ μμΈν λ§μνμ
¨μ΅λλ€.
- νμμ μ°μΈλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν λ§μΆ€ν μλ£ μλΉμ€κ° νμνλ€.
- μ£Όλ§μλ λΆλͺ¨λ λμ λ°©λ¬Ένμ¬ ν¨κ» μκ°μ 보λλ€.
- λ¦μ μκ°μ μ°λ½λλ € μ£μ‘ν©λλ€.
- μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€κ»μ 곡곡 μλΉμ€λ₯Ό μ½κ² μ΄μ©νμ€ μ μλλ‘ μλ΄ μ²΄κ³λ₯Ό κ°μ ν΄μΌ νλ€.
- μ΄λ₯΄μ λ€κ»μ μ€λ§νΈν°μ νΈλ¦¬νκ² μ΄μ©νμ€ μ μλλ‘ μκ·λͺ¨ λμ§νΈ κ΅μ‘ νλ‘κ·Έλ¨μ μ΄μν νμκ° μλ€. λ΄μ¬μκ° κΈ°λ³Έ κΈ°λ₯μ μ§μ μλ΄ν΄ λλ¦¬κ³ μ§λ¬Έμ νΈνκ² μ¬μμ€ μ μλ μκ°μ λ§λ ¨νλ©΄ κ΅μ‘ ν¨κ³Όκ° λμμ§ κ²μ΄λ€.
β Final Review Checklist
- Use subject honorification when a respected person performs the action:
κ΅μλκ»μ λ§μνμ ¨μ΅λλ€.
- Use humble forms when the writer acts toward a respected person:
μ κ° κ΅μλκ» λ§μλλ Έμ΅λλ€.
- Do not honorify objects, documents, events, or abstract nouns.
- Keep endings consistent: formal essays usually use
-λ€, while letters/notices often use-μ΅λλ€or-μκΈ° λ°λλλ€.
- In TOPIK Writing, choose honorifics for clarity and appropriateness, not for decoration.