149. Advanced Honorific Patterns

Agent Progress
Built
Keywords
특수 μ‘΄λŒ€
Lesson #
S
Done
Section
TOPIK Writing
πŸ’‘
TL;DR
  • Advanced honorific writing is not about making every verb polite; it is about choosing the correct respect target.
  • TOPIK writing rewards consistent register, natural 격식체 endings, and accurate special honorific verbs such as κ³„μ‹œλ‹€, λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€, μ—¬μ­™λ‹€, λͺ¨μ‹œλ‹€.
  • Use honorifics strategically in formal letters, proposals, notices, and essays when referring to teachers, customers, seniors, officials, or institutions.
🎧
🎧 Helper Note
Read each Korean example aloud twice: once slowly to notice the honorific marker, and once naturally to check whether the sentence sounds like formal written Korean.

πŸ”‘ The Big Picture

Advanced honorific patterns, or 특수 μ‘΄λŒ€, appear when ordinary verbs are replaced by special honorific or humble forms. In TOPIK writing, this matters because honorific accuracy affects style/register, grammar control, and the overall appropriateness of the answer.
Basic politeness is usually shown by endings such as -μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, -γ…‚λ‹ˆλ‹€, -μ•„/μ–΄μš”, or -μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€. Advanced honorific writing goes further:
  • The subject may be raised: μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ μžˆλ‹€ β†’ μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ κ³„μ‹œλ‹€
  • The speaker may lower their own action: 묻닀 β†’ μ—¬μ­™λ‹€, μ£Όλ‹€ β†’ λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€
  • The object or listener may be respected: 데리고 κ°€λ‹€ β†’ λͺ¨μ‹œκ³  κ°€λ‹€
  • The sentence may use formal nouns and particles: μ—κ²Œ β†’ 께, 이/κ°€ β†’ κ»˜μ„œ
For TOPIK Writing, the goal is not maximum honorific decoration. The goal is accurate, consistent, purpose-driven formality.

🧩 Core Concepts / Patterns

1. Subject honorification: raising the person who performs the action

Use subject honorification when the respected person is the subject of the sentence.
Plain idea
Honorific form
TOPIK-style example
μžˆλ‹€
κ³„μ‹œλ‹€
κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλŠ” 연ꡬ싀에 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ¨Ήλ‹€
λ“œμ‹œλ‹€ / μž‘μˆ˜μ‹œλ‹€
μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€μ΄ νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ 식사λ₯Ό λ“œμ‹€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 곡간을 λ§ˆλ ¨ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μžλ‹€
μ£Όλ¬΄μ‹œλ‹€
ν™˜μžλΆ„κ»˜μ„œ μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ 주무싀 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ‘°μš©ν•œ ν™˜κ²½μ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§ν•˜λ‹€
λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€
λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ»˜μ„œ λ³€κ²½ 사항을 μžμ„Ένžˆ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

2. Humble forms: lowering the speaker’s action

Use humble forms when the speaker, writer, or institution performs an action toward a respected person.
Plain verb
Humble form
Use when...
μ£Όλ‹€
λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€
giving something to a respected person
묻닀
μ—¬μ­™λ‹€
asking a respected person
보닀 / λ§Œλ‚˜λ‹€
λ΅™λ‹€
meeting or seeing a respected person
데리고 κ°€λ‹€
λͺ¨μ‹œκ³  κ°€λ‹€
taking/accompanying a respected person
λ§ν•˜λ‹€
λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€
telling a respected person
Examples:
  • μ œκ°€ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ—¬μ­ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • μžμ„Έν•œ 일정을 κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜ λ‹€μ‹œ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • 회의 μž₯μ†ŒκΉŒμ§€ μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€μ„ λͺ¨μ‹œκ³  κ°€λŠ” λ΄‰μ‚¬μžκ°€ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • λ‹€μŒ 주에 μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ„ λ΅™κ³  μ˜κ²¬μ„ λ“£κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

3. Honorific particles and nouns

Advanced writing also requires honorific particles and formal nouns.
  • 이/κ°€ β†’ κ»˜μ„œ: κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ λ°œν‘œν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • μ—κ²Œ/ν•œν…Œ β†’ 께: λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ»˜ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • 말 β†’ 말씀: 쒋은 말씀 κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • λ‚˜μ΄ β†’ μ—°μ„Έ: μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ μ˜ μ—°μ„Έλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • μ§‘ β†’ 댁: ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆ λŒμ„ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • 생일 β†’ 생신: λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜μ˜ 생신을 κΈ°λ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

4. Formal endings for TOPIK writing

In TOPIK Writing, especially task 53 or 54, use consistent formal written endings:
  • Descriptive/argumentative essays: -λ‹€, -γ„΄/λŠ”λ‹€, -μ•„/μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€
  • Formal announcements or reports: -μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€, -γ…‚λ‹ˆλ‹€, -κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
  • Requests or notices: -μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€, -ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€, -μ•„/μ–΄ μ£Όμ‹œλ©΄ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
Do not mix casual and formal endings without a clear reason:
  • Awkward: κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ˜€μ…¨κ³  μ €λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
  • Better: κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ˜€μ…¨κ³  μ €λŠ” μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ—¬μ­ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

βœ… Exam Strategy

Step 1. Identify the relationship

Before choosing an honorific form, ask:
  1. Who is acting?
  1. Who is being respected?
  1. Is the writer raising the subject or lowering the writer’s own action?
  1. Is the answer a letter, notice, report, or essay?

Step 2. Use honorifics only where they are needed

A TOPIK essay about society does not need every sentence to be honorific. Use advanced honorifics mainly when the topic involves:
  • teachers, professors, experts
  • older adults or patients
  • customers, clients, applicants, visitors
  • parents or family elders
  • public officials or institutional representatives

Step 3. Maintain scoring-focused quality

For Writing, honorifics support several scoring areas:
  • Task fulfillment: The tone matches the situation, such as apology, request, proposal, or explanation.
  • Coherence/cohesion: Honorific choices remain consistent from sentence to sentence.
  • Grammar control: Special verbs, particles, and endings are used accurately.
  • Lexical range: Words such as 말씀, μ—°μ„Έ, 댁, 생신, μ§„μ§€, 성함 add precision.
  • Style/register: The response sounds like appropriate formal Korean, not translated casual speech.

Step 4. Build useful sentence frames

Memorize frames that can be adapted in TOPIK writing:
  • λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹  λ‚΄μš©μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • λ°”μ˜μ‹œκ² μ§€λ§Œ 확인해 μ£Όμ‹œλ©΄ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€κ»˜μ„œ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ‹œμ„€μ„ κ°œμ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.
  • μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ»˜μ„œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹  바와 같이, 이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μž₯기적인 κ΄€μ μ—μ„œ μ ‘κ·Όν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.
  • λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ»˜ μ—¬μ­Œ κ²°κ³Ό, μ‹ μ²­ 기간이 μ—°μž₯λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  ν•œλ‹€.

✍️ Writing Model

Prompt

λ‹€μŒ 상황에 맞게 200~300자둜 글을 μ“°μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.
μ§€μ—­ λ³΅μ§€κ΄€μ—μ„œ μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ μ„ μœ„ν•œ 슀마트폰 μ‚¬μš© ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ œμ•ˆν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ ν•„μš”μ„±κ³Ό 운영 방법을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

Model answer

μ§€μ—­ λ³΅μ§€κ΄€μ—μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€κ»˜μ„œ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ 더 νŽΈλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ 정기적인 ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μš΄μ˜ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. μš”μ¦˜ 병원 μ˜ˆμ•½, ꡐ톡 정보 확인, κ°€μ‘±κ³Όμ˜ 연락 λ“± λ§Žμ€ 일이 슀마트폰으둜 이루어지기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‚¬μš©λ²•μ„ μ΅νžˆλŠ” 것은 μƒν™œμ˜ λΆˆνŽΈμ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” 데 도움이 λœλ‹€. ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ€ μ£Ό 2회 μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨λ‘œ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜κ³ , λ΄‰μ‚¬μžκ°€ μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹  ν•œ λΆ„ ν•œ λΆ„κ»˜ κΈ°λ³Έ κΈ°λŠ₯을 직접 μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬λŠ” 방식이 μ μ ˆν•˜λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ κΆκΈˆν•œ 점을 νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬μ­ˆμ‹€ 수 μžˆλŠ” 상담 μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ ꡐ윑 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ”μš± λ†’μ•„μ§ˆ 것이닀.

Why this model scores well

  • Task fulfillment: It explains both the need and the operating method.
  • Coherence: The paragraph moves from social need β†’ program structure β†’ expected effect.
  • Grammar control: μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€κ»˜μ„œ, μ΄μš©ν•˜μ‹€, μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬λŠ”, μ—¬μ­ˆμ‹€ are used naturally.
  • Register: The style is formal and suitable for TOPIK writing.
  • Lexical range: Words such as 정기적인, μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨, 상담 μ‹œκ°„, ꡐ윑 효과 fit an academic proposal.

⚠️ Pitfalls

Pitfall 1. Respecting the wrong person

  • Incorrect: μ œκ°€ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • Correct: μ œκ°€ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
The speaker is the subject, so use the humble form λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€, not subject honorification.

Pitfall 2. Mixing κ³„μ‹œλ‹€ and μžˆμœΌμ‹œλ‹€

κ³„μ‹œλ‹€ is the common special honorific for a person’s existence or presence.
  • Natural: λΆ€μž₯λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλŠ” νšŒμ˜μ‹€μ— κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • Less natural in this meaning: λΆ€μž₯λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλŠ” νšŒμ˜μ‹€μ— μžˆμœΌμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Pitfall 3. Overusing -μ‹œ-

Do not attach -μ‹œ- to everything.
  • Awkward: μžλ£Œκ°€ μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • Better: μžλ£Œκ°€ μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Objects and documents are not respected people.

Pitfall 4. Using humble verbs for the respected person’s action

  • Incorrect: μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ €μ—κ²Œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • Correct: μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ €μ—κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€ is used when the speaker tells a respected person something.

Pitfall 5. Changing register mid-answer

  • Weak: λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹  λ‚΄μš©μ€ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ•Œλ € μ€„κ²Œμš”.
  • Strong: λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹  λ‚΄μš©μ€ ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ•„λž˜μ™€ 같이 μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
πŸ“
Practice Hub: Advanced Honorific Patterns β€” 50 Questions
Complete all five sets. Focus on accuracy, register, and whether the sentence respects the correct person.

Set 1 β€” Choose the correct honorific verb

  1. κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ 연ꡬ싀에 _____.
    1. A. μžˆλ‹€ B. κ³„μ‹œλ‹€ C. λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€ D. μ—¬μ­™λ‹€
  1. μ €λŠ” μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜ κΆκΈˆν•œ 점을 _____.
    1. A. μ—¬μ­ˆμ—ˆλ‹€ B. λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€ C. 계셨닀 D. μž‘μˆ˜μ…¨λ‹€
  1. λ΄‰μ‚¬μžλŠ” μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ μ„ λ³‘μ›κΉŒμ§€ _____.
    1. A. λͺ¨μ‹œκ³  κ°”λ‹€ B. 데렸닀 C. μžˆμœΌμ…¨λ‹€ D. μ—¬μ­ˆμ—ˆλ‹€
  1. κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜ μžμ„Έν•œ μ‚¬μš© 방법을 μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ _____.
    1. A. λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ B. μ£Όκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ C. κ³„μ‹œκ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ D. μž‘μˆ˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
  1. λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ 저녁을 _____ ν›„ 쉬셨닀.
    1. A. λ“œμ‹  B. 먹은 C. λ“œλ¦° D. 롌
  1. λ‹€μŒ 주에 지도 κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜μ„ _____ λ…Όλ¬Έ κ³„νšμ„ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦΄ μ˜ˆμ •μ΄λ‹€.
    1. A. λ΅™κ³  B. 보고 C. κ³„μ‹œκ³  D. μ£Όλ¬΄μ‹œκ³ 
  1. ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€κ»˜μ„œλŠ” 일찍 _____.
    1. A. 주무셨닀 B. μž€λ‹€ C. μ—¬μ­ˆμ…¨λ‹€ D. λ“œλ Έλ‹€
  1. λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ»˜μ„œ λ³€κ²½ 사항을 μžμ„Ένžˆ _____.
    1. A. λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€ B. λ§μ”€λ“œλ Έλ‹€ C. μ—¬μ­ˆμ—ˆλ‹€ D. λ“œμ…¨λ‹€
  1. μ†λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μž μ‹œ 기닀리고 _____.
    1. A. κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€ B. μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ C. λ“œλ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€ D. μ—¬μ­™λ‹ˆλ‹€
  1. μ œκ°€ 회μž₯λ‹˜κ»˜ 회의 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό _____.
    1. A. λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ B. λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ C. κ³„μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ D. μž‘μˆ˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
Answers β€” Set 1
  1. B β€” A respected subject is present, so use κ³„μ‹œλ‹€.
  1. A β€” The speaker asks a respected person, so use μ—¬μ­ˆλ‹€.
  1. A β€” Accompanying a respected older person requires λͺ¨μ‹œκ³  κ°€λ‹€.
  1. A β€” The speaker provides information to the customer, so use λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€.
  1. A β€” Parents are the subject of eating, so use λ“œμ‹œλ‹€.
  1. A β€” Meeting a professor uses the humble verb λ΅™λ‹€.
  1. A β€” A respected elder sleeps, so use μ£Όλ¬΄μ‹œλ‹€.
  1. A β€” The respected subject speaks, so use λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€.
  1. A β€” A respected customer is waiting/present, so use κ³„μ‹œλ‹€.
  1. A β€” The speaker reports to a respected person, so use λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€.

Set 2 β€” Rewrite in formal honorific style

  1. μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ ꡐ싀에 μžˆλ‹€.
  1. μ œκ°€ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜μ—κ²Œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ΄€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. 직원이 μ†λ‹˜μ—κ²Œ 자료λ₯Ό μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ°€ 집에 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ €λŠ” μ„ λ°°λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜μ„œ 쑰언을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ˜μ‚¬ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. 학생듀이 ꡐμž₯ μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ—κ²Œ 감사 인사λ₯Ό ν–ˆλ‹€.
  1. 아버지가 아침을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ œκ°€ κ³ κ°μ—κ²Œ μ „ν™”λ‘œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ•ˆλ‚΄μ›μ΄ 방문객을 νšŒμ˜μ‹€λ‘œ 데리고 κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
Answers β€” Set 2
  1. μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ ꡐ싀에 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ œκ°€ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ μ—¬μ­ˆμ–΄ λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. 직원이 μ†λ‹˜κ»˜ 자료λ₯Ό λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆκ»˜μ„œ λŒμ— κ°€μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ €λŠ” μ„ λ°°λ₯Ό λ΅™κ³  쑰언을 λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ˜μ‚¬ μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ ν™˜μžμ—κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. 학생듀이 ꡐμž₯ μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜ 감사 인사λ₯Ό λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ•„λ²„μ§€κ»˜μ„œ 아침을 λ“œμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ œκ°€ κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜ μ „ν™”λ‘œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ•ˆλ‚΄μ›μ΄ 방문객을 νšŒμ˜μ‹€λ‘œ λͺ¨μ‹œκ³  κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.

Set 3 β€” Find and correct the error

  1. κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ €μ—κ²Œ λ…Όλ¬Έ 주제λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ œκ°€ μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μžλ£Œκ°€ μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€μ΄ 점심을 λ¨Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ €λŠ” 회μž₯λ‹˜μ„ 보고 μΈμ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. κ³ κ°μ—κ²Œ μ•ˆλ‚΄ 문자λ₯Ό 보내 μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. λΆ€μž₯λ‹˜μ€ μ§€κΈˆ 사무싀에 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜ 생일을 μΆ•ν•˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό 썼닀.
  1. λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ»˜ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜λ©΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ 말해 쀄 것이닀.
  1. 할아버지 λ‚˜μ΄λ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆλ‹€.
Answers β€” Set 3
  1. κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ €μ—κ²Œ λ…Όλ¬Έ 주제λ₯Ό λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€” The professor is the respected subject speaking.
  1. μ œκ°€ μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ μ—¬μ­ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€” The speaker lowers their own asking action.
  1. μžλ£Œκ°€ μ€€λΉ„λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€” 자료 is not a respected person.
  1. μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€μ΄ 점심을 λ“œμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€” Older adults are the respected subject of eating.
  1. μ €λŠ” 회μž₯λ‹˜μ„ λ΅™κ³  μΈμ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€” Meeting a respected person uses λ΅™λ‹€.
  1. κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜ μ•ˆλ‚΄ 문자λ₯Ό 보내 λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€” Use 께 and λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€ for the customer.
  1. λΆ€μž₯λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλŠ” μ§€κΈˆ 사무싀에 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€. β€” Use κ»˜μ„œ and κ³„μ‹œλ‹€.
  1. λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜ 생신을 μΆ•ν•˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό 썼닀. β€” Use 생신 for parents’ birthday.
  1. λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ»˜ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜λ©΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ 쀄 것이닀. / λ‹΄λ‹Ήμžκ»˜ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜λ©΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ μ•ˆλ‚΄λ°›μ„ 수 μžˆλ‹€. β€” Avoid casual 말해 쀄 것이닀 in formal writing.
  1. ν• μ•„λ²„μ§€μ˜ μ—°μ„Έλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•˜μ—¬ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆλ‹€. β€” Use μ—°μ„Έ for an elder’s age.

Set 4 β€” Choose the best sentence for TOPIK writing

  1. Which sentence is best for a formal inquiry email?
    1. A. κΆκΈˆν•΄μ„œ λ¬Όμ–΄λ΄μš”.
      B. κΆκΈˆν•œ 점을 μ—¬μ­™κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      C. κΆκΈˆν•˜λ‹ˆκΉŒ 말해 μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
      D. κΆκΈˆν•œ κ±Έ μ•Œλ € μ€˜μš”.
  1. Which sentence best respects a customer?
    1. A. 고객이 기닀리고 μžˆλ‹€.
      B. κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ 기닀리고 κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      C. κ³ κ°λ‹˜μ΄ 기닀리고 μžˆμœΌμ…”μš”.
      D. κ³ κ°μ—κ²Œ κΈ°λ‹€λ¦°λ‹€.
  1. Which sentence best fits a public notice?
    1. A. μ‹ μ²­μ„œλ₯Ό λƒˆμœΌλ©΄ λΌμš”.
      B. μ‹ μ²­μ„œλ₯Ό μ œμΆœν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
      C. μ‹ μ²­μ„œλ₯Ό λ‚΄ 쀘.
      D. μ‹ μ²­μ„œλŠ” λ‚΄λ©΄ μ’‹κ² λ‹€.
  1. Which sentence is best in an academic proposal about older adults?
    1. A. 노인듀이 μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ 잘 λͺ» μ“΄λ‹€.
      B. μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€κ»˜μ„œ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ꡐ윑이 ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.
      C. ν• λ¨Έλ‹ˆλ“€μ΄ 폰을 λͺ» ν•˜μ‹ λ‹€.
      D. λŠ™μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 배우면 λœλ‹€.
  1. Which sentence correctly uses humble speech?
    1. A. μ œκ°€ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ 자료λ₯Ό λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      B. κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ μ €μ—κ²Œ 자료λ₯Ό λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      C. μ œκ°€ 자료λ₯Ό κ³„μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      D. κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ μžλ£Œκ°€ λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. Which sentence is best for a formal apology?
    1. A. λŠ¦μ–΄μ„œ λ―Έμ•ˆν•΄μš”.
      B. 늦게 μ—°λ½λ“œλ € μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      C. λŠ¦μ—ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒ 이해해 μ£Όμ„Έμš”.
      D. λŠ¦μ—ˆλ„€μš”.
  1. Which sentence best uses honorific particles?
    1. A. μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ΄ ν•™μƒμ—κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν–ˆλ‹€.
      B. μ„ μƒλ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ ν•™μƒμ—κ²Œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨λ‹€.
      C. ν•™μƒκ»˜μ„œ μ„ μƒλ‹˜ν•œν…Œ λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      D. μ„ μƒλ‹˜μ€ ν•™μƒκ»˜ λ§ν–ˆλ‹€.
  1. Which sentence avoids overusing honorifics?
    1. A. 회의 μžλ£Œκ°€ μ™„μ„±λ˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      B. 회의 μžλ£Œκ°€ μ™„μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      C. 회의 μžλ£Œκ»˜μ„œ μ™„μ„±λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      D. 회의 자료λ₯Ό λ“œμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. Which sentence is best for reporting expert opinion?
    1. A. μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ λ§ν–ˆλŠ”λ° μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.
      B. μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ»˜μ„œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹  바와 같이 이 λ¬Έμ œλŠ” μ€‘μš”ν•˜λ‹€.
      C. μ „λ¬Έκ°€μ—κ²Œ 말해 쀬닀.
      D. μ „λ¬Έκ°€κ°€ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦° 바와 같이 μ€‘μš”ν•΄μš”.
  1. Which sentence best fits a formal closing request?
    1. A. λ‹΅μž₯ 빨리 μ€˜μš”.
      B. 확인해 μ£Όμ‹œλ©΄ κ°μ‚¬ν•˜κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
      C. 보고 μ•Œλ € 쀘.
      D. 확인 λΆ€νƒν•΄μš”.
Answers β€” Set 4
  1. B β€” μ—¬μ­™κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ is formal and humble.
  1. B β€” It uses κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ and κ³„μ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€ naturally.
  1. B β€” -ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€ fits public notices.
  1. B β€” It is respectful, precise, and proposal-like.
  1. A β€” The speaker gives something to a professor, so λ“œλ¦¬λ‹€ is correct.
  1. B β€” μ—°λ½λ“œλ € μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€ is an appropriate formal apology.
  1. B β€” The respected subject is marked with κ»˜μ„œ and uses λ§μ”€ν•˜μ‹œλ‹€.
  1. B β€” Documents do not take -μ‹œ-; simple formal passive is correct.
  1. B β€” It uses the expert as respected subject and keeps academic style.
  1. B β€” It is formal, polite, and common in written requests.

Set 5 β€” Apply honorifics in TOPIK-style writing

  1. Write one formal sentence asking a professor for feedback on a report.
  1. Write one formal sentence explaining that volunteers will guide older adults to the classroom.
  1. Write one sentence for a notice asking visitors to submit an application form.
  1. Write one sentence saying that a customer can ask the staff member questions.
  1. Write one sentence explaining that the director spoke about the program’s purpose.
  1. Write one sentence using μ—°μ„Έ naturally in an essay about healthcare.
  1. Write one sentence using 댁 naturally.
  1. Write one formal sentence apologizing for contacting someone late.
  1. Write one sentence for an essay about making public services easier for older adults to use.
  1. Write a two-sentence mini paragraph proposing a respectful digital education program for older adults.
Sample answers β€” Set 5
  1. κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ λ³΄κ³ μ„œμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜κ²¬μ„ μ—¬μ­™κ³ μž ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. λ΄‰μ‚¬μžλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€μ„ κ΅μ‹€κΉŒμ§€ λͺ¨μ‹œκ³  갈 μ˜ˆμ •μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. λ°©λ¬Έκ°κ»˜μ„œλŠ” μ‹ μ²­μ„œλ₯Ό μ œμΆœν•΄ μ£Όμ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. κ³ κ°λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œλŠ” κΆκΈˆν•œ 점을 μ§μ›μ—κ²Œ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. 원μž₯λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ˜ λͺ©μ μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μžμ„Ένžˆ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. ν™˜μžμ˜ μ—°μ„Έλ₯Ό κ³ λ €ν•œ λ§žμΆ€ν˜• 의료 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€.
  1. μ£Όλ§μ—λŠ” λΆ€λͺ¨λ‹˜ λŒμ„ λ°©λ¬Έν•˜μ—¬ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ³΄λƒˆλ‹€.
  1. λŠ¦μ€ μ‹œκ°„μ— μ—°λ½λ“œλ € μ£„μ†‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  1. μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€κ»˜μ„œ 곡곡 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€λ₯Ό μ‰½κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ•ˆλ‚΄ 체계λ₯Ό κ°œμ„ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€.
  1. μ–΄λ₯΄μ‹ λ“€κ»˜μ„œ μŠ€λ§ˆνŠΈν°μ„ νŽΈλ¦¬ν•˜κ²Œ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ λ””μ§€ν„Έ ꡐ윑 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ„ μš΄μ˜ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μžˆλ‹€. λ΄‰μ‚¬μžκ°€ κΈ°λ³Έ κΈ°λŠ₯을 직접 μ•ˆλ‚΄ν•΄ λ“œλ¦¬κ³  μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ νŽΈν•˜κ²Œ μ—¬μ­ˆμ‹€ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ„ λ§ˆλ ¨ν•˜λ©΄ ꡐ윑 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ λ†’μ•„μ§ˆ 것이닀.

βœ… Final Review Checklist

  • Use subject honorification when a respected person performs the action: κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜μ„œ λ§μ”€ν•˜μ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • Use humble forms when the writer acts toward a respected person: μ œκ°€ κ΅μˆ˜λ‹˜κ»˜ λ§μ”€λ“œλ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • Do not honorify objects, documents, events, or abstract nouns.
  • Keep endings consistent: formal essays usually use -λ‹€, while letters/notices often use -μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ or -μ‹œκΈ° λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
  • In TOPIK Writing, choose honorifics for clarity and appropriateness, not for decoration.